Post-Communist Mafia State: The Case of HungaryHaving won a two-third majority in Parliament at the 2010 elections, the Hungarian political party Fidesz removed many of the institutional obstacles of exerting power. Just like the party, the state itself was placed under the control of a single individual, who since then has applied the techniques used within his party to enforce submission and obedience onto society as a whole. In a new approach the author characterizes the system as the ?organized over-world?, the ?state employing mafia methods? and the ?adopted political family', applying these categories not as metaphors but elements of a coherent conceptual framework. The actions of the post-communist mafia state model are closely aligned with the interests of power and wealth concentrated in the hands of a small group of insiders. While the traditional mafia channeled wealth and economic players into its spheres of influence by means of direct coercion, the mafia state does the same by means of parliamentary legislation, legal prosecution, tax authority, police forces and secret service. The innovative conceptual framework of the book is important and timely not only for Hungary, but also for other post-communist countries subjected to autocratic rules. ÿ |
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The Prosecutor's Office as part of the campaign staff ....... 223 6.2.3. Establishing the institutional means of electoral fraud ..... 224 6.2.4. The 2014 spring parliamentary elections and autumn municipal elections viii Table of ...
Vicious campaigns against the holdouts in each of these categories were conducted ... by public funding and defunding, and by a public campaign highlighting the disloyalty of those who refused to bend to Orbán's will.
The annual budget for the state system of party financing did not however take into account the demands of the election campaigns, and the fraction of the campaign costs that could be met from the state allocation was negligible from as ...
related to the election campaign in one way or the other, reached beyond both the time-frame of the election period established by law and the narrowly defined circle of campaign events. This resulted in the escalation of campaign ...
Since the election campaigns of local governments and mayors also required significant budgets, the anomalies of central party financing fanned out in waves across the country. Moreover the overlap between possible supporters and those ...
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Cuprins
1 | |
15 | |
from the functional disorders of democracy to a critique of the system | 57 |
4 Definition of the postcommunist mafia state | 67 |
a subtype of autocratic regimes | 73 |
6 The legitimacy deficit faced by the mafia state and the means to overcome it | 209 |
the ideological arsenal | 231 |
8 The Criminal State | 255 |
9 Pyramid schemesthe limits of the mafia state | 269 |
Annexes | 297 |
List of accompanying studies | 304 |
Former publications | 306 |
Index of Names | 309 |