closing our doors to every immigrant, regardless how deserving and desirable; second, the class who for economical, personal, and financial advantages desire that the doors be opened not only to permit without limitation the entry of skilled but of all unskilled labor. We feel that the adoption of the 1890 census is unjustifiable not only for the reason that it is discriminatory but because it will also prevent the admission of from 60,000 to 75,000 laborers, who will shortly be greatly needed. We are not interested in supplying, as some may term, cheap labor," but we are deeply concerned in the welfare of the United States, whose prosperity depends upon having at least a sufficient amount of unskilled labor. This can be obtained, in a measure, by using the population figures of 1920 or 1910 as a basis in lieu of the 1890 census as the majority has adopted. We doubt whether our northern and eastern unskilled labor requirements can be drawn from the South without at the same time injuring the growing southern industries. Surely, under the stringent provisions of the bill, no temporary common labor can be obtained from Mexico as was done in 1918 and 1919 to relieve the shortage of labor in the cotton and sugar-beet fields in the Southern and Southwestern States.

It can not be truthfully denied that most of the hard, common, and manual work performed in the United States has been done during the past 30 and 40 years by the immigrants coming from those countries designated as southern and southeastern Europe. Such work for the past century has always been performed by the then coming immigrants.

As has often been stated on the floor of the House and reiterated in the press of the country, the common understanding was that the present 3 per cent quota law was temporarily enacted for the sole purpose of safeguarding the United States against an anticipated influx of immigrants after the war. Since the enactment of the measure it was shown that many of the fears which were expressed were unfounded in fact, because several of the countries have not even made full use of their quotas. The 3 per cent quota law would have permitted the coming of over 355,000 immigrants, but approximately, in the last year, only 309,556 arrived. Further confirmation of our statement to the effect that those who would be coming would be mainly women and children is shown by the statement of Mr. Wixon, of the Bureau of Immigration, who testified before the Committee on Appropriations as follows:

That of the 309,556 immigrant aliens admitted during the first fiscal year, 95,846 of that number is represented by unmarried females and 31,980 represented by males under 16 years of age; or, in other words, nearly one-half of the entire number of immigrant aliens arriving is represented by what might be termed as dependent aliens, regarded strictly from an immigration standpoint. Something which surprised me more than anything else when statistics for the last fiscal year were compiled was the fact that our entire net gain in population is represented by 104,326 females and 6,518 males under 16 years of age. By that I mean that the figures given embrace the number of aliens arriving over those departing, and, as will be seen, we did not gain a single male over 16 years of age, the fact being that the number of males over that age departing was considerably in excess of the number arriving. It should be taken into consideration also that of males arriving a large number of them were over the age of 55 years and more or less dependent. In fact a great number of them were absolutely dependent.

The committee has also refused to make provision for the admission of domestics, admitted by all so greatly needed. We desire to call specific attention to a partial statement made by Mr. Augustine Davis, president Davis Automatic Equipment Corporation, appearing in American Industries, entitled "Need more of the domestic class (Hearings, 6-C):

The mothers in our own country generally find it next to impossible to obtain the aid necessary to care for their families properly.

The extreme difficulty in securing such assistance results in imperfect home sanitation, neglect of children, ill health and despondency in overworked mothers, unsatisfactory food preparation, lessens desire for home ownership, discourages marriage, increases unhealthy hotel and boarding-house life, tends to the disruption of families, leads to divorce, and is no small factor in "race suicide," all of which has a most detrimental effect on the morals and progress of our people.

Considerable stress has been laid by the proponents of this measure that during the past two or three years immigration has consisted mainly of women and children. It must be borne in mind that during the entire war period, due to war conditions, it was impossible for husbands to bring over their wives and children. We believe that the highest morality can be attained, and for the best interest of home and country, that the wife and minor children should be under the same roof with the husband. We believe in the uniting of families; it brings peace and contentment; it helps to improve the home life in every community.

After many years of most careful study of the immigration question, and after most mature reflection and deliberation, we are of the opinion that if the individual Members of the House could give to this most important subject of immigration the same thorough consideration and study which we have given that they would reach the same conclusions we have, namely, that it is a most serious error to adopt the 1890 census as the basis of calculation for admission.

ISAAC SIEGEL.

ROBT. S. MALONEY.
ADOLPH J. SABATH.

Mr. CABLE. How many copies of that report have you, Mr. Chairman?

The CHAIRMAN. I think not more than 100 are left. That bill is the base for the bills being considered now. I have been informed that the 2 per cent table based on one of the censuses in that table is in error by about 8,000. Without objection, we will try to have those corrections made.

Mr. RAKER. Mr. Chairman, I offer as part of these hearings, to be considered by the committee with its present hearings and consideration, on H. R. 101 (by Mr. Johnson, our chairman), H. R. 5 (by Mr. Raker), H. R. 4096 (by Judge Box), H. R. 561 (by Mr. Sabath), and H. R. 3932 (by Mr. Watkins). These hearings were taken by this committee during the Sixty-sixth Congress (three large bound volumes) and the Sixty-seventh Congress (three large bound volumes), which hearings are now present for the use of the committee and its members.

Mr. CABLE. You do not mean to mark those "Exhibit A" and to offer them in the record, do you Judge?

The CHAIRMAN. No; they are part of the record.
Mr. CABLE. For consideration, but not reprint?

Mr. RAKER. Yes; the six volumes are now on the table, and a part of the committee record and hearings, for the use of the committee and anyone that may desire to look into the matter. They cover all of the subjects reported in the bill just printed, and also the bill of the chairman and kindred bills referred to. Is there any objection to it, Mr. Chairman ?

The CHAIRMAN. I hear none. It calls attention to the fact that the elaborate hearings are in printed form and available for the use of members of the committee. It might be stated here that all hearings which are printed are printed for the use of the committee. It is not the intention and it is not possible to print hearings of the committee for public distribution. The print is limited in copies, and it is for the information of the committee and the Members of Congress.

Mr. RAKER. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following proposal for the consideration of the committee and ask to have it printed as a part of the hearings, to be later taken up when the legislation is being finally disposed of by the committee and inserted in the proper place in the bill, namely:

BURDEN OF PROOF.

That any person applying to enter the United States under any of the provisions of the immigration laws and upon any and all proceedings at or taken thereon, the burden of proof shall lie upon such person.

The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, that will be placed in the record.

Mr. RAKER. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following for the consideration of the committee, and ask to have it printed as part of the hearings, to be later taken up when the legislation is being finally disposed of by the committee and inserted in the proper place in the bill, namely:

FALSE STATEMENT, ETC.

That any false statement, application, affidavit, or other document knowingly and willfully made under any of the requirements of the immigration laws, 78952-24-SER 1A- 4

or regulations established in accordance therewith, shall be deemed willful perjury, and punished in the manner provided by law for the crime of perjury.

Mr. Chairman, I offer the following proposal for the consideration of the committee, and ask to have it printed as part of the hearings, to be later taken up when the legislation is being finally disposed of by the committee and inserted in the proper place in the bill, namely:

That no Senator, or Representative, or Territorial Delegate of the Congress, or Senator, Representative, or Delegate elect, or any officer or any employee of said Houses, shall directly or indirectly appear for or represent in anywise, or be in any manner concerned in appearing for or representing in anywise, either orally or in writing or otherwise, any person seeking admission to enter the United States under any of the immigration laws before any department, board, or person having the administration of such laws.

That any person who shall be guilty of violating any of the foregoing shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding $5,000, or by imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court. The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, that will be placed in the record.

Mr. RAKER. That is based upon testimony heretofore taken before this committee.

STATEMENT OF LOUIS S. GOTTLIEB, VICE PRESIDENT of THE SELECTIVE IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Mr. GOTTLIEB. Mr. Chairman, I am the vice president of the Selective Immigrant Aid Society, a corporation organized in the District of Columbia, June of this year. I would like the opportunity to present our case before you gentlemen in a brief form, because we agree with part of your bill and disagree with other parts of the bill. I did not know I was coming up here as a witness. I just came here to hear others and listen to their views.

The CHAIRMAN. Tell us what your organization is.

Mr. GOTTLIEB. The organization was formed as a nonsectarian organization, to look after the interests of all aliens who are admissible under our laws, irrespective of race or creed. We are not to charge any alien for services to be rendered.

The CHAIRMAN. What is the title of your organization?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. Selective Immigrant Aid Society.

The CHAIRMAN. It has no connection with the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. None whatsoever.

The CHAIRMAN. Have you a large membership in the new organization?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. So far we have about a thousand.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you believe in restriction of immigration?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. Well, to a certain extent we do. Not in further restriction than our present laws.

The CHAIRMAN. What do you mean by "selective?"

Mr. GOTTLIEB. We believe that the eligibility of aliens should be primarily determined on the other side.

The CHAIRMAN. How?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. Well, we think that there ought to be proper persons to look after the alien before and after he comes to America. Aliens should be informed who would and who would not be admissible into the United States, and should be advised that in the event any member of the family with whom they are about to travel is afflicted with any contagious disease or otherwise inadmissible to these United States, it would be better for them not to start for this country.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you carry a fee for membership?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. Oh, yes.

The CHAIRMAN. What is the fee?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. Well, it is voluntary; $3 is the lowest membership fee.

The CHAIRMAN. These members are interested then in the bringing of immigrants to the United States?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. No; they are just simply interested in assisting those who have determined to emigrate; that is all.

The CHAIRMAN. The purpose is to select immigrants?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. That is what we advocate.

The CHAIRMAN. To look after the welfare of those selected? Mr. GOTTLIEB. After they arrive in this country, look after their welfare and advise them where employment may be found, keep them out of the congested districts, and assist them generally.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you have any funds for removing them from the ports to places where they might work?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. No.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you keep a register of those who come in?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. Yes; of those that we have taken care of so far we have kept a register.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you have a personal description of the ones that you are looking after?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. No; we have not got that.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you have his age?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. The only thing we get is through the records of the Department of Labor. We have not the opportunity to see the aliens.

The CHAIRMAN. Where do you have agencies?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. We have an office in New York and we have an office in Philadelphia. We are not yet functioning at Ellis Island, but we expect after this year to function there, the same as the other organizations, and then we will look after the interests of all aliens, irrespective of race.

Mr. RAKER. Is your organization formed for the purpose of working abroad or after aliens are legally admitted?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. We expect to work abroad, and to render service even after admission.

Mr. RAKER. In what way?

Mr. GOTTLIEB. By the process of disseminating information and advice in regard to the immigration laws of this country, and thus prevent unnecessary hardships.

Mr. RAKER. What do you mean by hardships? What kind of hardships do you refer to?