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He no sooner steps out of the world, but his heart burns with devotion', swells with hope', and triumphs in the consciousness of that presence which every where surrounds' him; or on the contrary, pours out its fears', its sorrows', its apprehensions', to the Supporter of its existence.

5. For I am persuaded that neither death' nor life', nor angels', nor principalities', nor powers'; nor things present', nor things to come', nor height', nor depth, nor any other other creature', shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.'

RULE 2.-When the sense of the sentence does not require force, precision, or distinction (which is but seldom the case) where the sentence commences with a conditional or suppositive conjunction, or where the language is plaintive and poetical, the falling inflection seems less suitable than the rising.

EXAMPLES.

1. Seeing, then, that the soul has many different faculties', or in other words, many different ways of acting', that it can be intensely pleased or made happy by all these different faculties or ways of acting; that it may be endowed with several latent faculties, which it is not at present in a condition to exert'; that we cannot believe that the soul is endowed with any faculty that is not of use' to it; that, whenever any one of these faculties' is transcendantly pleased, the soul is in a state of happiness'; and in the last place, considering that the happiness of another world is to be the happiness of the whole man'; who can question but that there is an infinite variety in those pleasures we are speaking of; and that this fulness of joy will be made up of all those pleasures which the nature of the soul is capable of receiving'.

2. When the gay and smiling aspect of things has began to leave the passages to a man's heart thus thoughtlessly unguarded'; when kind and caressing looks of every object without, that can flatter his senses, has conspired with the enemy within, to betray him and put him off his defence'; when music likewise hath lent her aid, and tried her power upon the passions'; when the voice of singing men, and the voice of singing women, with the sound of the viol and the lute, have broke in upon his soul, and in some tender notes have touched the secret springs of nature',-that moment let us dissect and look into his heart';- -see how vain', how weak', how empty a thing it is! 3. So when the faithful pencil has design'd

Some bright idea of the master's mind',

Where a new world leaps out at his command,

And ready nature waits upon his hand';

When the ripe colours soften and unite,

And sweetly melt into just shade and light';

When mellowing years their full perfection give',
And each bold figure just begins to live';
The treacherous' colours the fair art betray,
And all' the bright creation' fades' away'.

GRADATION.

Gradation signifies a gradual increase of signification in the members of a sentence, and which require in pronunciation an increasing swell of the voice, and correspondent energy of manner; without however, altering in general, the key-tone or pitch of the voice.

EXAMPLE.

1. After we have practised good actions awhile they become easy; and when they are easy, we begin to take pleasure in them; and when they please us, we do them frequently; and by frequency, a thing grows into a habit; and confirmed habit, is a second kind of nature; and so far as anything is natural, so far it is necessary, and we can hardly do otherwise; nay, we do it many times when we do not think of it.

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As mongrels, spaniels, curs, sloughs, demi-wolves

And water rugs-all are 'clypt

By th' name of dogs, the valued file,
Distinguishes the swift, the sure,

The housekeeper, the hunter,

Every one according to the gift

Which bounteous nature hath in him plac'd;

Now if you have a station in the file,

Not in the worst rank of manhood,

say it,

And I will put that business into your dispatch,
Whose execution takes your enemy off,
Grapples you to the heart and love of us,
Who hold our state but sickly in his life,
Which in his death were perfect.

3. There was never any thing so sudden, as the fight of two rams, or Cæsar's Thrasonical brag-of I came, I saw, I conquered. For your brother, and my sister, no sooner met, but they look'd; no sooner look'd, but they lov'd; no sooner lov'd, but they sigh'd; no sooner sigh'd, but they ask'd one another the reason; no sooner knew the reason, but they sought the remedy; and in these degrees have they made a pair of stairs to marriage, which they will incontinent climb, or else be incontinent before marriage; they are in the very wrath of love, and they will together; Clubs cannot part them.

4. The Bible is the brightest mirror of the Deity: there we discern not only his being, but his character; not only his character, but his will; not only what he is in himself, but what he is to us, and what we may expect at his hands.

5. Whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate; and whom he did predestinate, them he also called; and whom he called, them he also justified; and whom he justified, them he also glorified.

6. Return'd so soon! rather approach'd too late;
The capon burns, the pig falls from the spit,
The clock has strucken twelve upon the bell;
My mistress made it one upon my cheek;
She is so hot, because the meat is cold;
The meat is cold, because you came not home;
You came not home because you have no stomach;
You have no stomach, having broke your fast;
But we who know what 'tis to fast and pray,
Are penitent for your default to day.

7. With thee conversing, I forget all time;

All seasons and their change, all please alike;
Sweet is the breath of morn, her rising sweet,
With charm of earliest birds; pleasant the sun,
When first on this delightful land he spreads

His orient beams on herb, tree, fruit, and flower,
Glistering with dew; fragrant the fertile earth,
After soft showers; and sweet the coming on
Of grateful evening mild: then silent night,
With this her solemn bird, and this fair moon,
And these the gems of heaven, her starry train ;
But neither breath of morn, when she ascends
With charm of earliest birds, nor rising sun
On this delightful land, nor herb, fruit, flower,
Glistering with dew; nor fragrance after showers;
Nor grateful evening mild; nor silent night,
With her solemn bird; nor walk by moon,
Or glittering starlight, without thee is sweet.

8. Beshrew me, but I love her heartily,
For she is wise, if I can judge of her;
And fair she is, if that mine eyes be true!
And true she is, as she hath proved herself;
And therefore, like herself, wise, fair, and true,
Shall she be placed in my constant soul.

The day has been considered as an image of the year, and a year as the representation of life. The morning answers to the spring, and the spring to childhood and youth; the noon corresponds to the summer, and the summer to the strength of manhood. The evening is an emblem of autumn, and autumn of declining life. The night, with its silence and darkness, shews the winter, in which all the powers of vegetation are benumbed, and the winter points out the time when life shall cease, with its hopes and pleasures.

When ambition pulls one way, interest another, inclination a third, and perhaps reason contrary to all, a man is like to pass his time but ill who has so many different parties to please.

CLIMAX.

Climax is that species of gradation, which, from being employed chiefly in the expression of the passions, or stronger emotions of the mind, requires a regular rise of voice in pronouncing the several members of the passage or passages where it occurs, whence its name of climax, or ladder.

The difficulty of Climax, (which is one of the most beautiful and impressive features of rhetoric, when properly managed) consists in the right adjustment of the voice in pronouncing it; the key-note, or pitch, being required to be higher or lower, according to the number of members to be enumerated.

In a long Climax, for instance, the speaker must be careful to begin very low, and ascend note by note only, or he will get beyond his compass of voice before the climax be ended.

Climax may be divided into two principal kinds, viz.: Enumerative Climax and Interrogative Climax.

ENUMERATIVE CLIMAX.

The cloud-cap'd towers,

The gorgeous palaces, the solemn temples,
Yea, the great globe itself,

And all which it inherit;-shall dissolve,
And like the baseless fabric of a vision,
Leave not a wreck behind!

Good name in man or woman, dear my lord,
Is the immediate jewel of their souls;-
Who steals my purse, steals trash,

'Tis something, nothing, 'twas mine, 'tis his,
And has been slave to thousands;

But he that filches from me my good name,
Robs me of that, which not enriches him,
And makes me poor indeed!

'Tis list'ning fear and dumb amazement all:
When to the startled eye the sudden glance
Appears far south, eruptive through the cloud,
And following slower, in explosion vast,
The thunder raises his tremendous voice.
At first, heard solemn o'er the verge of heav'n;
The tempest growls; but as it nearer comes,
And rolls its awful burden on the wind,
The light'nings flash a larger curve, and more
The noise astounds; 'till over head a sheet
Of livid flame discloses wide; then shuts,
And opens wider; shuts and opens still
Expansive, wrapping ether in a blaze.
Follows the loosen'd aggravated roar,

Enlarging, deep'ning, mingling; peal on peal

Crush'd horrible, convulsing heav'n and earth.

What a piece of work is man! how noble in reason! how infinite in faculties! in form and moving, how express and admirable! in action, how like an angel! in apprehension, how like a god! the beauty of the world! the paragon of animals; and yet, to me, what is this quintessence of dust? Man delights not me-nor woman neither; though by your smiling, you seem to say so ;

Angels, and ministers of grace defend us ?—
Be thou a spirit of health, or goblin damn'd,

Bring with thee airs from heav'n, or blasts from hell.

Be thy intents wicked, or charitable;

Thou com'st in such a questionable shape,

That I will speak to thee,-I'll call the Hamlet,

King, father, royal Dane; O answer me!

Let me not burst in ignorance; but tell

Why thy canonized bones, hearsed in death,
Have burst their cerements;-why the sepulchre,
Wherein we saw thee quietly inurn'd,

Hath op'd his ponderous and marble jaws,
To cast thee up again! What may
this mean,
That thou, dead corse, again, in complete steel,
Revisit'st thus the glimpses of the moon,

Making night hideous; and we fools of nature,
So horribly to shake our dispositions

With thoughts beyond the reaches of our souls?
Say,-Why is this?—What should we do?

INTERROGATIVE CLIMAX.

'Zounds, shew me what thou'lt do,
Would'st weep, would'st fight, would'st fast,
Would'st tear thyself; would'st drink up Eisel,
Eat a crocodile ?-I'll do't.

Dost thou come hither but to whine,
To outface me by leaping in her grave?
Be buried quick with her, and so will I;
And if thou prate of mountains,
Let 'em throw millions of acres on us;
'Till our ground singing its pate against
The burning zone, make Orsa like a wart!
Nay, an' thou'lt mouth,-I'll rant as well as thee!
"Think'st thou I'd make a life of jealousy,
To follow still the changes of the moon
With fresh suspicions?-No; to be once in doubt,
Is once to be resolv'd. 'Tis not to make me jealous,
To say my wife is fair, feeds well, loves company,
Is free of speech, sings, plays, and dances well;
Where virtue is, these are most virtuous.
Nor from mine own weak merits, will I draw
The smallest fear or doubt of her revolt,
For she had eyes, and chose me. No, Iago,
I'll see before I doubt; when I doubt, prove,
And on the proof, there is no more than this,
Away at once with love or jealousy.

PART OF BRUTUS'S HARANGUE ON THE DEATH OF CÆSAR. ROMANS, countrymen, and lovers; hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear: believe me for mine honor, and have respect for mine honor, that you may believe: censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Cæsar's, to him I say, that Brutus's love to Cæsar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Cæsar? This is my answer; not that I loved Cæsar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Cæsar were living, and die all slaves, than that Cæsar were dead, and live all freemen ?-Who's here so base, that would be a bondman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who's here so rude, that would not be a Roman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who's here so vile, that would not love his country? If any, speak; for him have I offended.— pause for a reply.

I

MONOTONY.

Monotone, or sameness of sound, in certain solemn and sublime passages, has a wonderful force and dignity; and, by the uncommoness of its use, it even adds greatly to that variety which is so delightful to the ear. Monotone is principally used

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