motive of this loan was tne relief of Ireland; its covert one, to strengthen parliament against the king; and it appears that the city sided with parliament, for it obeyed this enormous demand with alacrity, and the sum was freely voted at a common hall convened for the purpose at Guildhall. Precepts were addressed to the several companies, and were not apparently disputed, except by the Ironmongers' company, who paid their share by absolute compulsion, after having disputed the right of a common hall to bind the companies. In the following year (1643), the whole of the companies' halls were compelled to make periodical payments in aid of the parliamentary struggle against the king, and in the autumn of the same year (on the approach of the royal army towards London), the parliament demanded 50,000l. in addition to such payments. Woful was the condition of the City companies under this incessant exaction, and loud were their complaints at the state to which they were reduced. The Ironmongers lamented their "sadd condicion," having formerly lent to divers lords and to the parliament such large sums that they were "disabled and impoverished, soe that they cannot finde any meanes to satisfy his lordship's desire." The Grocers, equally dispirited, entered into "a sad and serious consideration of the miserable distractions and calamities of this kingdom, threatening the ruin thereof by sickness and famine, the certain attendants of an unnatural and bloody warre, which nowe reigneth in this kingdom," and in token of their grief and abasement they resolved to forego all convivial meetings, and even to omit their annual election. In order to furnish the supplies which were thus arbitrarily exacted, not only were individuals belonging to the companies completely impoverished, but all the fraternities were obliged to sell or pawn their plate. The interest (in some cases a high one) promised on these loans, was also withheld both by the king and the parliament, neither party being faithful to their engagements. The Ironmongers' company held out more pertinaciously than the rest against these exactions, and on one occasion when summoned before the parliamentary committee, they used every effort to evade payment; but being solemnly informed by the commissioners, "that the money was to preserve their lives, their liberties, and the Gospel of Jesus Christ, which was more deare than all the rest," the assistants attempted to borrow 1300., but no man belonging to the hall would lend, pleading their individual weighty taxes as an excuse; the company, therefore, were finally obliged to sell all their plate. This career of exaction was followed by the dismantling of the companies' halls. Religious paintings, and other decorations spared at the Reformation as harmless, were now included in the list of superstitious objects, requiring to be banished or destroyed. The hangings of Merchant-Tailors' Hall exhibited a pictorial history of John the Baptist; these were noticed as superstitious and offensive, and were eventually defaced. The same course was pursued with the other companies; and when at length it became the settled purpose of parliament to take away the king's life, the metropolis being filled with troops, the halls of the several fraternities, as well as the churches and other public buildings, were converted into barracks. The Merchant-Tailors' company had sufficient interest with General Fairfax to get freed from the nuisance. The general's warrant was as follows:-"Whereas inconvenience has been represented to me to fall out in case any soldiers are quartered at MerchantTailors' Hall, and there being very many poor belonging to that company, these are to require you, on sight thereof, to forbeare to quarter either horse or foot in the said hall; and hereof you are to be observant, as you will answer for the contrary. Given under my hand and seal, in Queen street, 28th December, 1648. THO. FAIRFAX." Directed, "To the Quartermaster, Centinels, and other Officers whom it may concern." The company were so delighted with this exemption from a general grievance, that they presented the quarter-master with twenty pounds, and the individual who brought the protection to them with ten shillings. After the annihilation of royal authority, the city became the grand focus of the parliamentary government, as is abundantly testified by the numerous tracts and other records of the period. "Guildhall was a second House of Commons, an auxiliary senate, and the companies' halls the meeting-places of those branches of it denominated committees. All the Mercuries,' or newspapers of the day, abound with notices of the occupation of the companies' premises by these committees. Goldsmiths' Hall was their In the festivities and rejoicings consequent on the Restoration, the City companies bore a conspicuous share. Notwithstanding the impoverished state to which they had been reduced in the reign of Charles the First, they appear to have recovered themselves sufficiently during the protec torate to greet with some appearance of their former pomp and dignity the restored monarch. Such of the trade societies as could afford it presented rich gifts; others offered the most affectionate congratulations. They feasted the monarch at their halls, and proudly enrolled his name among the members of the Grocers' company. But while they were thus lavishing their hospitality, Charles appears to have eyed the tokens of their yet remaining wealth with considerable longings for its appropriation to his own pur poses. Gradually, but completely, the whole of the companies were brought into entire subjection to the crown, and the freedom which had been so manfully upheld in former reigns, was completely yielded to the avaricious monarch. His first attack on their independence was in the second year of his reign, by passing an act for well-governing and regulating corporations, under pretence of which all freedom of action was soon destroyed. Notwithstanding this infringement of their liberties, the corporation and companies, in 1665, built and furnished a fine new ship, for the purpose of presenting to government. One of the papers of the period contains the following announcement:-"This Saturday my lord mayor and the rest of the remanent aldermen went to Deptford to see their new ship, the Loyal London, and in what fitness she is; their care having been to provide and pay money from time to time to satisfie her workmen, and found her so forward, that she seems only to want anchors, and some of her last furniture." This was the year previous to that direful calamity, the great fire of London, which was most destructive to the halls of the companies, mostly situated in the very heart of the city. Those of the Leathersellers, Pinners, and a few others, beyond the range of the conflagration, escaped, but all the rest were completely destroyed. By this dreadful calamity the companies' records were burnt, their plate melted, and their city premises, from whence they drew their incomes, reduced to ashes. To crown their misfor tunes, they were overwhelmed with a load of debt, (the consequence of the compulsory loans they had been subjected to,) which they had no means of paying. quar Under this accumulation of distress, their first steps were to secure the melted plate, and to obtain an estimate of their losses and capabilities. Seventeen days after the commencement of the fire, the masters and wardens of the MerchantTailors' company set themselves "to view the company's plate, melted in the late dreadful fire," and to treat with "Mr. Taylor at the Tower, or any other person, about the refining of the same to the best advantage." They also ordered that, << on account of the company's house being burned," all persons who received 6s. 8d. and 2s. 6d. terly, and were chosen by the wardens' substitutes, and paid from the stock of the society, should be no longer paid their pensions, except those who were in great want." The Grocers' company also received particulars from their wardens "of the company's plate melted in the hall, in the late violent and destructive fire, and of the melted parcels taken up and put together, with the company's urgent occasions for a supply of money: it was therefore determined that the same plate (amounting to about two hundred pounds weight of metal) should be sold and disposed of to the best advantage for the benefit of the company.' They had also a schedule of the company's houses and rents read to them, and "in regard to the shortness of the days, the distance of divers persons' abodes, and the danger and troublesomeness of going in the dark amongst the ruins, not then allowing them time for debate and determination," they agreed to meet weekly. By extraordinary exertions, by subscriptions, and col lections, and by the donations of wealthy individuals, the whole of the companies contrived to rebuild their halls in the course of two or three years, and by granting advantageous leases to their tenants, their houses and premises in various parts of the city soon rose from the ruins, and advanced with the new metropolis. Thus, as early as the year 1670, the old order of things was nearly restored, and the companies began a new career. By the charters of James the Second, new privileges were conferred on the companies. The ancient mode of election by the commonalty was superseded, the courts being thenceforth made self-elective. The old ordinances were re-modelled and ameliorated, but their milder provisions even would be thought despotical in the present age. record. The officers of the several companies at this period had much the same duties to perform as those which had belonged to their situations previous to the Reformation, except the chaplain, whose office it no longer was to sing daily masses, and perform services for the dead, but to conduct public worship according to the spirit of Protestantism, and to pray for the prosperity of the brotherhood. The chaplain preached before the companies at their several churches, where they had a portion of the church reserved for their use, as was the case at St. Martin Outwich, where the Merchant-Tailors had a gallery erected expressly for themselves, and also accommodated the Skinners' company with sittings in the church. The Fishmongers had an aisle set apart for them in the church of St. Michael, Crooked Lane. The duties of the chaplain included common prayer on court days. The prayer used on these occasions by the MerchantTailors' company was a very excellent one, and is left on The concluding address is as follows: "Good Lord, keep this noble city of London, and defend it from grievous plagues and contagious sickness, that we may often in brotherly and true love assemble and meet together to Thy glory and our mutual comfort in Christ Jesus; and, merciful Father, bless this society and brotherhood, and be present with us in all our assemblies and councils, that we may use them to Thy glory and the discharge of our duties. Bless and divert by Thy Holy Spirit all our actions and endeavours, and give us grace faithfully and honestly to discharge the trust reposed in us, as well for our good friends and brethren deceased as any other way belonging to us, to the glory of Thy holy name, and peaceful comfort of our souls, and good example and incitement of others." During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, many alterations had taken place in the different observances of the company. Elections were still preceded by the religious rite of going to the company's church, but a sermon was substituted for the mass. Feasts had increased in splendour, and in the delicacies displayed at them, but they had lost other attractions. The side-boards were again loaded with plate, and boys recited Latin verses; but sisters were no longer admitted. The election feasts and ceremonies had revived, and various accounts are left of the usages connected with them. The master and wardens were crowned with garlands "like the heraldic wreath," except that they were made of red velvet, and had pieces of silver fastened on them, engraven with the company's arms. Caps of maintenance were used by the Skinners' company, instead of wreaths or garlands, and these were set on the heads of the "most worshipfull" of the company with numerous ceremonies. The drinking cups used on these occasions by the master and two wardens, were three large silver cocks or birds, which on being unscrewed were found to be filled with wine. The style of the companies' pageants had varied considerably from the ancient usage, but reached their utmost splendour shortly before the great fire of London and a few years after that event. Mr. Herbert remarks, that however childish, and in some instances, ridiculous, some of them may seem to the present intellectual age, it will be seen, in others, that occasionally much taste and ingenuity were exercised, and that in almost all, particularly the latter spectacles, an excess of magnificence was displayed, which, if sights had not gone quite out of fashion with us, would draw crowds even now. The "Maiden Chariot" is given as an instance of this magnificence. This splendid piece of machinery formed part of the pageant of the Mercers' company. It was twenty-two feet high, entirely covered with silver embossed work; carried upwards of twenty superbly dressed characters, and was drawn by nine white Flanders horses, three abreast, in rich trappings of silver, and white feathers, each mounted by an allegorical personage, and the whole accompanied by more than one hundred attendants. A grand annual muster of the com- Or that may tend to London's graceful state, Yet one day in the year, for sweet 'tis voic'd, And that is when it is the lord mayor's foist. Every kind of adulatory address was adopted on those occasions. When Sir Thomas Roe was the next lord mayor, the Batchelors' company, whose patron was St. John the Baptist, supplied a pageant, in which St. John and other similar personages were represented by youths, who spoke complimentary speeches, in praise of the mayor. St. John's speech began, am that voyce in Wilderness, w'ich ones the Jewes did calle," while another youth, alluding to the mayor's name, says, "Behold the Roe, the swift in chace," &c. On some occasions, children and females represented London, the Thames, the Country, the Soldier, Sailor, Nymphs, &c., as also Magnitude, Loyalty, and other virtues, which were all supposed to appertain to the new lord mayor. Among water spectacles, one is mentioned in which the Grocers company was emblematically represented by "five islands, artfully garnished with all manner of Indian fruit trees, drugges, spiceries, and the like; the middle island having a faire castle especially beautified." The company to which the new lord mayor belonged, always furnished, at its own cost, the scenic representations and actors connected with these shows. When pageants were at their highest perfections, they generally consisted of five principal pieces or machines, which are described as: 1. A triumphal temple with appropriate characters, flanked by persons riding on the animals, which formed the company's supporters, who bore shields or banners of their arms; or, perhaps, of a triumphal chariot, as above, drawn by the like animals, their supporters, carrying either the company's patron saint, or an allegorical personage representing London, as the seat of sovereignty, in either case with numerous proper attendants. 2. A throne or scene, with allegorical personages, alluding to the British monarchy and kingdoms, comprising poetical characters complimentary of the reigning monarch's virtues. 3. An allegorical representation of the origin of the company's trade, or of their patron saint. 4. The principal pageant, otherwise called "The Pageant of Trade," "The Factory of Commerce," or more frequently, "The Company's Pageant," from its being a direct emblematical representation of the company's trade, in all its various branches: and 5. A scene allusive to the benefit or riches procured by such trade, under the name of "The Palace of Pleasure," "The Palace of Delight," "The Arbour of Delights," and other such titles. The Ironmongers, in 1620, at the swearing in of their mayor, exhibited at their trade pageant, a representation of "Lemnion's forge, with Vulcan, the smith of Lemnos, at work, surrounded by his servants, in black hair waistcoats, and leather aprons. A fire blazed in the furnace, lightnings flashed, thunders rolled; and, at intervals, harsh music and songs sounded praises to iron, the anvil, and the hammer." In 1685, at the inauguration of Sir Robert Jeffreys, the same company's pageant was a show representing Mount Etna, with Vulcan and the Cyclops at work, within a cavern at the base; some at the forge, and others digging metals and minerals. Apollo descended with Cupids, and entertained them with music. Vulcan also made his specch to the lord mayor. In 1671, Sir George Waterman, belonging to the Skinners' company, had amongst the pageants at his show, a wilderness, consisting of a variety of trees, bushes, shrubs, brambles, thickets, inhabited and haunted by divers wild beasts, and birds of various kinds and colours. In the front of this scene were two negro boys, properly habited, and mounted upon two panthers, bearing the banners of the lord mayor, and the company's arms. Sir Thomas Pilkington, of the same company, mayor in 1689, varied this scene of a wilderness, called "The Company's Pageant," by introducing, in addition, to the wild beasts of the former show, "wolves, bears, panthers, leopards, sables, and beavers, together with dogs, cats, foxes, rabbits, and which latter, the account says, tost up now and then into a balcony, fall off upon the company's heads, and being by them tost again into the crowd, afforded great diversion," The Drapers' company, in 1679, at Sir Robert Clayton's show, introduced in their trade pageant characters representing the twelve months of the year, and numerous other allegorical personages, richly dressed. The concluding pageant exhibited a landscape of Salisbury Plain, "where rustic shepherds and shepherdesses were feeding and folding their flocks; and for the future exaltation of the Drapers delight, here were several trades met together, all pertinent for making of cloth; as carders, spinners, dyers, woolcombers, shearers, dressers, fullers, weavers, which were set without order, because the excellence of this scene did consist of confusion. Although their number and weight were too ponderous for all of them to work, according to their distinct arts and mysteries, yet they were here met in their persons to rejoice and express their frolicks in dancing, jumping, tumbling, piping, and singing, and all such jovial actions and movements of agility, as might express their joy and exultation in their compliments to the new lord mayor, and their service to the Drapers' company." The pageant of the Haberdashers, in 1699, when one of their company was mayor, is described as having "a stately chariot all enriched with embossed work of silver, driven upon four golden Catherine wheels, in which was seated St. Catherine, the original patroness of the honourable company of Haberdashers, the chariot drawn by two large Indian goats, argent, being the supporters of the company.' This chariot was followed by a scenic exhibition consisting of a very large stage, on which "were planted, almost all round, several shops, namely, milliners, hosiers, hatters, cappers, and other branches of the haberdashery trade. Commerce sat in the rear of this scene, on a rich throne, and descended as the lord mayor passed by, to make his speech. During the movement of this pageant, several papers of tobacco were given amongst the people.' In 1694, the Clothworkers exhibited the Garden of the Hesperides, with Jason and his golden fleece. "This pageant," says the programme, "is entirely applicable to the honourable Clothworkers, the fleece being a golden one, morally so represented by virtue of the riches arising from the manufacture of the fleece. The dragon, being a watchful creature, intimates the caution, industry, and vigilance, that ought to secure, support, and preserve trade; whilst Jason, that gave the dragon a sleeping potion, and so carried away the golden fleece, was in reality an industrious merchant, that equipped his ship, the Argonaut, and by traffic and commerce carried off the golden fleece, namely, the trade of the world." After this came the chariot of Apollo, drawn by two golden griffins, (the company's supporters,) mounted by triumphant figures; Apollo himself, as the shepherd of King Admetus, rode in the chariot, and whilst addressing the lord mayor, "a rich figure of a rising sun, above ten foot in diameter, not seen before, and whose beams cherish both sheep and shepherd, appeared above his head out of the back of the chariot, with all his beams displayed in gold." At the Vintners' pageant in 1702, the lord mayor was first saluted by the Artillery company, before whom stepped the Vintners patron saint, St. Martin, splendidly armed cap à pie, having a large mantle of scarlet; and followed by several beggars, supplicating for alms, dancing satyrs, persons in rich liveries, halbeteers, and old Roman lictors. They all marched to St. Paul's churchyard, where the saint severed his mantle with his sword, and delivered a portion to the mendicants. One of the trade pageants of the Goldsmiths' company exhibited what was called The Goldsmith's Laboratory, representing "a large and spacious workshop, of several artificers, distinct in their proper apartments, for the several operators in the mystery of the goldsmiths, containing forges, anvils, hammers, and other instruments of art, &c." In the midst, on a rich golden chair, sat St. Dunstan, the ancient patron and guardian of the company, in pontifiedlibus, in one hand a golden crozier, in the other his goldsmith's tongs, with the devil beneath his feet. A large goldsmith's forge faced the saint's throne, with fire, cruci. bles, &c., and a boy blowing the bellows. The representation of a goldsmith's shop full of plate, and artificers at work in the various departments, with the assay-master making an assay, and workmen hammering a massy piece of plate, to the sound of music, &c., filled up this pageant. Several of the companies still possess remains of these old shows, particularly the Grocers' company, The scenes were painted like those of the theatres, in distemper, and the animals which drew the pants were fabricated so like what are used there, that there is little doubt but that they were the work of theatrical artists. The last public event of any consequence in the history of the City companies, was their complete subjugation, in 1684, to the power of the king, by means of the quo warranto, or inquiry into the validity of the City charter. Charles the Second, like his father and grandfather, early showed a desire to interfere with the government and property of these companies, and the result of the proceedings just noticed, made him master not only of these, but of all the corporations in England. The charter of the City was arbitrarily and illegally declared forfeited, and several of the companies, terrified by the proceedings against London, surrendered their charters. The surrender of their charters was, in most of the companies, preceded by a petition, stating their having been chartered and incorporated by former royal grants, which conferred on them divers immunities, privileges, and franchises. That his sacred majesty having, "in his princely wisdom," thought proper to issue a quo warranto against them, they had reason to fear they had highly offended him, and they therefore earnestly begged his pardon for what was past, and "to accept their humble submission to his good will and pleasure, and that he would be graciously pleased to continue their former charters, with such regulations for their future government as he should please." This, and other acts of servility on the part of the companies, were very agreeable to the mo narch, and he was pleased to grant them another charter, under such restrictions as he thought fit. These restrictions effectually destroyed all liberty of will and action in the companies, and permitted them to exist only during the royal pleasure. In the succeeding reign an attempt was made to influence the companies' selection of voters. James the Second directed the lord mayor to issue precepts requiring them to return "such loyal and worthy members as might be judged worthy and fit to be, by the lord mayor and court of aldermen, approved of as liverymen to elect members to serve for the city of London at the approaching parlia ment." Mr. Herbert remarks, "that what made this more glaringly corrupt was, that most of the independent aldermen had been previously put out of their places, and compliant tools appointed by the crown in their room." But the arbitrary proceedings of this monarch were of short duration; for at the news of the coming of the Prince of Orange in 1688, James gave a hasty order in council, preparatory to the passing of an act, whereby all restrictions consequent upon the judgment on the quo warranto were repealed. Soon afterwards, a special court of lord mayor and aldermen was held, pursuant to the grants for restoring the city charter, when an order was made for restoring the liverymen of the several companies of the city to the state they had been in before such judgment. The abdication of James confirmed their emancipation. The security of the city and its immunities and pri vileges being deemed of great importance, on this joyful event, William and Mary not only passed a statute reversing the quo warranto of the city, but enacting, as to a580ciated bodies generally, that they should henceforth stand as they respectively were at the time of the judgment given be restored to all their estates, lands, tenements, &c., and that all charters, letters patents, or grants of the last two reigns, should be wholly null and void. Thus were tranquillity and confidence restored, and the privileges and rights of corporate bodies firmly established, so that the affairs of the livery companies rapidly improved. From that period to the present, their history has been of too uneventful a nature to require much comment. JOHN W. PARKER, PUBLISHER, WEST STRAND, LONDON. CITY OF LYONS. II. AMONG the public buildings of Lyons, the cathedral is the most remarkable. It is situated on the 'right bank of the Saône, and is dedicated to St. John the Baptist. It has four towers, two of which flank the western front, and the other two, more massive, but shorter, form the transepts. They are terminated by a sort of balustrade, on which is laid a modern Italian tiled roof, a termination not at all in harmony with the character of the building. One of the largest bells in France is contained in one of the towers. The western front is the most recent part, not having been completed until the reign of Louis the Eleventh. It has three richly ornamented doorways, and over the central doorway a fine circular window. This part is profusely decorated with curious bas-reliefs and statues, but they have suffered much from the image-breakers of the sixteenth century. The cathedral most probably occupies the site of a large ancient Roman building, the ruins of which were employed in its construction, as well as in the erection of the Pont de Pierre, and of other edifices. At low water may be seen, about the piles of the bridge, large cornices and other ornaments of antique sculpture; and in some of the houses near the cathedral, there still exist large blocks of stone, such as the Romans commonly employed, as well as the remains of inscriptions and fragments of columns and pedestals. A street near the cathedral is called Rue Tramassac, a name said to have been derived from the words retro massum; that is, behind the mass of the temple. The see of Lyons, the religious metropolis of the Gauls, ascends to the era of the primitive church, its founders having been St. Pothinus, an Asiatic Greek of the second century, and St. Irenæus. They were both disciples of the apostles, and suffered martyrdom here. It appears that, so early as the seventh century, a church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, existed here. This church was several times destroyed and re-established. Under Charlemagne it was repaired, and three centuries after, it was constructed according to the present plan. The cloister was surrounded with thick walls and towers like a citadel. The greater portion of the cathedral is of the age of St. Louis; but though Gothic, the attentive observer will remark some curious imitations of Roman ornaments, particularly in an incrusted band or frieze of red and white marble, composed of masques and foliage, copied from the antique with considerable exactness, running round the principal apse. The painted glass windows are remarkably fine. The centre tower. which opens into the cross, contains a rose window, which produces a peculiarly good effect. In a side aisle, on the floor, stands the once celebrated clock, constructed by Nicholas Lippius, of Basle, in 1598. It was augmented by Nourrisson, in 1660, and again by Charmy, in 1780. It contains a perpetual calendar, which indicates the century, the year, the day, the hour, the minute, and the second. Below is an astrolabe, which shows the course of the sun, and the phases of the moon. In the upper part are many figures, which move to the melody of one of the hymns peculiar to this cathedral. Some of the figures move at more distant intervals, so as to indicate all the saints' days in the calendar in succession. One of the dial-plates is of an oval form, the hand of which, marking minutes, becomes longer or shorter, according to its position within the oval. The interior of the cathedral is described as being of a simple but striking architecture. "The clerestory presents an interesting series of windows, giving, in order, the gradations from plain lancets and circuits, without foliation, or even a containing arch, to the perfect mullioned window with flowing tracery-a good lesson for the student." In the fifteenth century, several chapels were added to the nave, the last and most beautiful of which is that built for Charles Cardinal de Bourbon, who was king of France for four hours. This Charles, duke de Vendôme, cardinal archbishop of Rouen, and legate of Avignon, was born in 1523, put upon the throne in 1589 by the Duc de Mayenne, and died in 1590. His brother, Pierre de Bourbon, son-in-law of Louis the Eleventh, finished this chapel, which is remarkable for its ornaments, consisting principally of flowers and foli age of the most delicate sculpture. Amongst them the thistle, or chardon, is multiplied; and is intended to form a pun or rebus in allusion to the cher-don which the king had made to Pierre in the gift of his daughter. This chapel was a few years ago restored and beautified. During the reparations the body of the Cardinal de Bourbon was discovered clad in his pontifical robes, and in a surprising state of preservation. Before the Revolution, the cathedral enjoyed many high privileges. The chapter was composed of thirtytwo canons, who had the title of Counts of Lyons, with the decoration of a gold cross, suspended from the neck by a red band. The Dukes of Burgundy, of Berri, and of Savoy, the Dauphins, the Counts of Villars, and the Kings of France, were the senior canons: when any of these royal and noble personages were at Lyons, they wore the peculiar costume of the canons of this cathedral. The authority and supremacy of the Archbishop of Lyons, formerly extended over all the churches of the vast countries between the Alps and the Rhine. The sees subsequently established at Treves, Arles, Narbonne, and Rouen, were submitted to his jurisdiction, whose primacy has been recognised in many councils, and the title of patriarch, which has long been claimed by him. In the service of the cathedral many ancient usages are retained; amongst others, yellow or native wax is alone used for the tapers, and no instrumental music is allowed. The plain chanting is said to be as beautiful as it is remarkable. Adjoining the cathedral is the ancient archiepiscopal palace, which seems to be of the ninth century. It contains some fine rooms, but little exterior beauty. According to popular tradition, Becket lodged here; is but as it is not known with certainty that he visited Lyons, though Anselm did, the names of the two archbishops may have been easily confounded. Several anthems and hymns now sung in the cathedral, are said to have been composed and set to music by Becket. The church of St. Irenée (Irenæus), is an uninter esting modern building, erected on the grave of that saint and martyr, and upon subterranean vaults, in which St. Polycarp preached at the age of eighty-six, and where, it is said, the early Christians met for prayer, and were afterwards massacred to the number, it is said, of nine thousand, by order of Septimius Severus, A.D. 202. In the midst of this crypt, which is an ancient Romanesque building, resting on plain columns, is a sort of well, down which the bodies were thrown, until it overflowed with their blood. A recess is now shown which is said to contain the bones of the martyrs. One of the most curious antiquities of Lyons, is the church of Aynai, a name said to be derived from Athenas. It is situated a little out of the town, on the long point of land which divides the Saône from the Rhone. This remarkable monument, both of Pagan centre of the cross is supported by four ancient granite and Christian antiquity, has been thus described. The columns, supposed to have belonged to the altar erected at the confluence of the Rhone and the Saône, (which originally met close to this church,) in honour of Augustus, by the sixty nations of Gaul. In the repre sentation of that altar existing on medals, there are only two, placed on either side of the altar, each supporting |