INDEX TO THE NAMES AND SUBJECTS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST VOLUME. ABERCROMBIE, extract from, 147 Addington Park, Surrey, described, 30 Almighty hand, the, 168 Alsatian farmer, remark of an, 181 Anger, duty of restraining, 143 Anthem, National, historical notice of Antiquary's study, visit to the, 162 Arithmetical question, curious, 107 ages, 1.31-11., 51-III., 69 Bacon, Lord, extracts from, 11, 19, 22 Barrow, observation by, 77 Beauvais, Cathedral of, in France, 194 Bennet, Bishop, prayer by, 256 Ards, flocks of, on the Bosphorus, 192 Bosphorus, flocks of birds on the, 198 Boles, lines by, 250 Bream, habits of the, 108 Back, the Yarmouth boatman, 183 Butler, Bishop, remark of, 50 Cambridge, St. Sepulchre's church, 33 Captive King and Sesostris: aFable,16 Chartres, 146 Evreux, 234 Caunter, lines by, 102 Central America and Mexico, ruined Chappell of Our Ladye," at King's Char, the, 181 Character, the mass of, 192 Chess, lessons in, 23, 103, 151, 199, 239 Christian charity, 96 Constantinople, some account of, 122 Contentment and resignation, 101 Cork and lead, weight of, question re- Cotton, Dr., lines by, 196, 227 Creatures, dealing of God with his, 7 Curling, a Scotch national game, 225 Cuyp and his Works, I., 90-II., 130 D. D. S., lines by, 203, 235 Dirt of Rome, 94 Discrimination, 101 Disease, remarkable, among sheep, 150 Dryden, lines by, 57 Dudley, Lord, extract from, 94 Dulce Domum, historical notice of, 205 of industry, 200 Eclipse of the Sun, lines on the, 77 Effigies on tombs, animals at the feet Eightieth year, reflection on attaining, Ellis, extracts from, 77, 96, 131, 149, England, Round Churches of, 33, 73, English Navigators, 21, 55, 155, 190 Eton College, historical notice of, 218, Etymology of the word "Dunce," 59 Evidences of the power of God, 131 Sesostris and the captive King, 16 -patriotism, 253 Fever changed into food, 246 Flocks of birds on the Bosphorus, 192 Food, fever changed into, 246 heavenly, 208 Fulham market gardens of, 102 Garden of the Botanic Society, 91 Gay, lines by, 133, 144, 151, 200 Gibson, John, poem by, 59 God, confidence in, 181 evidences of the power of, 131 parental dealing of, with his remembrance of, 147 God save the Queen, historical notice Goethe, remark by, 70 Gresham, Sir Thomas, anecdote of, 72 Guano, a new mauure, 230 Capt. Basil, extract from, 78 151 unsuitable to the unsanctified, Heavenly friendship, 208 14, 53, 71. Psalm, 148 God save the Queen, Horne, Bishop, extracts from, 143, 147, Hutton, lines on the Bible by, 108 engine, 102 religion an incitement to, 179 woman, 223 Injuries, forgiveness of, 240 Irish Manners and Customs, VIII., 131 Jortin, remarks by, 151, 227, 256 Kay Shuttleworth, J. P, Esq.. Lecture King, the captive, and Sesostris: a King's Lyun, Chappell of of, 221 "Our natural, responsibilities Lancaster, Sir James, an early English his expedition to the East Indies, 227 Lavender, sweet, 224 Lead and cork, weight of, a mechani. cal puzzle, 183 Learning, pleasure in, 163 Lecture on the Constructive Method of Teaching, 41 Lessons, in Chess, 23, 103, 151,199, 239 on the eclipse of the sun, 77 on marriage, 227 suggested by the Choral Mect- --written after a prosperous bar- Little Maplestead church, 137 Luminous appearance at sea, f M., Fables by, 16, 96, 112, 192 the honest, 133 weakness of, 181 Man's spirit, onward path of, 149 laud, I., 158-11, 237 Marriage, happiness of, 227 Mechanical Puzzles, I., 157--11., 183, 237 Apparatus for freezing liquids in sum- Arcetri, Galileo's villa at, 40 Austrian military-frontier station, 232 Belt, the hydraulic, 249 Bronze statue of Hen. VI. at Eton, 217 Evreux, 233 Central America, ruins and sculptures Chappell of " Our Ladye," at King's Char, the, 181 Chartres, cathedral of, 145 Cheese-pan, Parmesan, 37 Chess, diagrams illustrative of, 24, 104, Chinese umbrella, 100 -wearing spectacles of rock Christ taking leave of his mother; from Chub, the, 109 Churches, Round, of England :- Temple Church, 73, 97 Compton Wynyates, Warwickshire, 177 mosque and fountain of the Sultana, 125 fountain and first gate of the Seraglio, 128 Restraining auger, 143 Reverence for sacred things, 188' Roach, habits of the, 76 Round Churches of England:- I. St. Sepulchre's Church, Cam- II. III. Temple Church, London, IV. St. Sepulchre's Church, Nor- V. Little Maplestead Church, 137 Rural Economy for the Months:- August, 35 Iural Sonnet, 231 October, 118 Rust, Bishop, extract from, 11 Sheep, remarkable disease among, 150 Sicily, voyaging in, 78 Sight, Milton, on his loss of, 188 Sleeping and Waking: a Fable, 192 Socrates, remark by, 256 the good widow's, 200 Summer beverages, artificial cooling of, 31, 51, 69 Sun, eclipse of the, lines on, 77 Taylor, Jeremy, remarks by, 181, 187 Temple Church, London, 73, 97 INDEX TO THE ENGRAVINGS. Copan, sculptures from the ruins of, Copernicus, monument to, 244 Daniel's constant voltaic battery, 92 Dewdrop, illustrations of the, 20 - a curious pro- English Halls, old, 1, 49, 177 Essex, figure from a monument at Little Maplestead Church, 137 Fort Prince of Wales, 263 and mosque of the Sultana,125 French cathedrals, 145, 193, 233 Fur Company's Factory, Lake Su- Galileo, portrait of, 9 villa of, at Arcetri, 40 Illustrations of Chess, 24, 104, 152, the dew-drop, 20 Italian Initial letters, specimens of, 213 Leslie's refrigerator, 32 Letters, ornamental initial, 212, 213 Lion, a monumental figure, 220 Mechanical puzzle, a, 157 Mexico and Central America, ruins and sculpture in, 81, 85. 88, 169, 176 Model, working, of hydraulic belt, 249 236, 237 Mosque and fountain of the Sultana, Mullet, the grey, 133 Old English mansions, 1, 49, 177 Oxford, earl of, figure from his tomb,237 sculptured tablet from, 176 Parham, in Sussex, 49 Ramsgate, 57 Plan and section of icehouse, 52 Presburg, on the Danube, 105 Prince of Wales's fort, Hudson's Bay, Puzzle, a mechanical, 157 Red Mount, King's Lynn, chappell of Refrigerator, Leslie's, 32 Visit to the Garden of the Royal Antiquary's study, 162 Voice of Song, the,54 Voyage down the Danube, 17, 60, 105, 116, 164, 201 Waking and Sleeping: a Fable, 192 Watson, Bishop, extracts from, 22, 54 to the fraction of a pound, and then multiplied his mixed number of Dele 2nd and 3rd pars. of col. 2. Middle of col. 2. for "four or five" read "three." WOLLATON, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. We have already referred in terms of commendation to the two series of views of the Mansions of England in the Olden Time, by Mr. Joseph Nash, from each of which series we obtained permission to copy three views. On proceeding to avail ourselves of a similar licence with respect to the third series, recently published, we feel much pleasure in stating that the present volume will not terminate the production of these beautiful books. The lively interest evinced in the progress of my labours, (says Mr. Nash,) and the many personal attentions shown to me by the possessors of those mansions already visited by me, together with the continued success and approbation that have attended the publication, have determined me to persevere in my already expressed design of delineating ail the most remarkable examples of domestic architecture remaining of the old time. Every successive journey has made me acquainted with more unlooked-for relics of the architectural splendour of the old Baronial Halls and Manor-houses, and I have no doubt that there exist many, yet to be brought to light, of fully equal interest to those already before the world. These views, or rather pictures, are beautiful as works of art, and valuable as illustrations of history. They are drawn on stone in the tinted style, with raised lights, and in some cases advantage has been taken of Mr. Hulmandel's invention of the Lithotint, "a process of drawing on stone with the brush, both pleasant and painter-like in its execution, and brilliant and powerful in its results." We need scarcely add that these views are from original sketches. Mr. Nash displays in them a most intimate knowledge of the various grand, romantic, and picturesque details of Tudor architecture;-nor has he viewed the stately mansions and halls of England with the eye of an architect merely--one great charm of his pictures is to be found in their touching reality:— the old furniture, the instruments and utensils of art and industry, the ornaments, and the many little accessories which an intimate knowledge of the subject alone can give, are restored to their appropriate places in these fine old abodes--the occupants too, both of high and low degree, clad in their appropriate costumes, impart animation and truth to every scene, engaged as they are, singly or in groups, in various employments and amusements; or, in larger numbers, celebrating some of our old English games with such earnestness that we are almost disposed to feel angry that we cannot throw down the pen and hasten to join them. Our frontispiece is copied from the fifth plate of the third series, and represents the Hall at Wollaton, in Nottinghamshire the seat of the Lord Middleton. The construction and use of halls is of considerable antiquity. William Rufus constructed a hall in his palace at Westminster which preceded all others in point of antiquity and dimensions. Halls were afterwards erected at Chester, Bristol Castle, Woodstock, and Beaumont in Oxford. These were probably of rude construction, and were divided into two aisles by stone arches or upright beams of timber. When castles came to be constantly inhabited. and the necessary resort to them of equals, and feodal depenpants at solemn feasts and customary entertainments, required a large space, attention was bestowed on the internal architecture and characteristic ornaments of these halls, more especially at the upper end where were the daist and the high tablet. Edward I. erected a hall in his castle at Conway, from which period no prin *In a course of articles entitled " England in the Olden Time," con tained in Saturday Magazine, Vols. XIV., and XV., we described some of the most remarkable of the old English sports and games. ✦ The haut-pas, or dais, was a part of the floor elevated above it, and approached by three steps at least. Halls were sometimes so spacious as to admit of a knight's riding up to the high table, as the Champion of England was accustomed to do at the coronation. Thus Chaucer: "In at the halle dore al suddenlie cipal residence of the nobility or feudal lords was without one; and though in the general plan they corresponded with each other, yet they varied both in minuter parts and in the degree of magnificent construction. When the stern castles of the nobles were superseded by the mansions which Mr. Nash depicts so well, halls were still retained, and their internal arrangement followed a general plan. The high table was elevated upon a platform above the level of the floor, and was reserved for the lord and his family with the superior guests. Around the walls were separate tables and benches for the officers of the household and dependants. In the centre was the great fire-place open on all sides, placed immediately beneath a turret in the roof called a louvre, for the purpose of conveying away the smoke; this was the most ancient, but a very imperfect expedient. Chimney-places included within the walls were a luxury due to more modern invention. The expansive roofs were made of timber frame of oak or chesnut. Whether of the indigenous material, oak or chesnut, or of the latter imported from Portugal and Castile, is uncertain. It was firmly compacted together with considerable geometrical skill, and admitting many of the ornamental forms in carved wood, which abounded in the age in which they were erected. Large corbels of stone and projecting trusses issued from the side walls, and were disposed in the bays (likewise called severeys) between each window. Upon the ends of these were likewise carved demi-angels, each holding a large escutcheon to its breast. The vast superincumbent frame work was thus supported, and was composed of open lattices, which gave much lightness by perforation, and were finished with pendants. Near to the high table was a projecting or bay window, fully glazed, and frequently with armorial stained glass, in which was placed the standing cupboard, to contain the splendid display of plain and parcel gilt plate. The rere-doss was a frame with tapestry, sometimes canopied, fixed behind the seat of the sovereign or the great chieftain when he dined in public. Around the walls was wainscot of paneled oak or strained suits of tapestry, that is, in the fourteenth century, the era of their introduction. Having given these details on the subject of Halls in general, we proceed to notice that of Wollaton in particular. It is situated in the parish of the same name, at a pleasant walking distance from the town of Nottingham. The approach to the house is through a noble winding avenue of lime-trees, nearly a mile in length. The park is extensive and well stocked with deer; it also contains spacious sheets of water supplied with a variety of fish and enlivened by aquatic birds; it is also broken into gentle swells, well wooded with oak and elm, and at intervals admitting some very picturesque and extensive views of the surrounding landscape. A fine sweep leads round to the north front of the house, which stands on a knoll, and exhibits a most magnificent appearance even at a considerable distance, lofty and antique, and bearing some resemblance to the august tower of an ancient cathedral, "bosom'd high in tufted trees." The building, which is in the Elizabethan style, is square, with four large towers, adorned with pinnacles: and in the centre, the body of the house rises higher, with projecting coped turrets at the corners. The front and sides are adorned with square projecting Ionic pilasters; the square stone windows are without tracery; and the too great uniformity of the whole is broken by oblong niches, by circular ones filled with busts of philosophers, emperors, empresses, and by some very rich mouldings. Sir Francis Willoughby, Knt., is said to have built the house according to a plan of his own, and that the works were superintended by John Thorpe, the celebrated English architect. Another account gives the honour to Robert Smithson, who is described, in his epitaph in the church at Wollaton, as "Architector and Surveyor, unto the most worthy House of Wollaton, with divers others of great account; obiit 1614." He is supposed to have been Thorpe's pupil and successor. Camden, in his Britannia, censures the motives of the founder of this stately hall, asserting that by the time it was finished, it had sunk three lordships. In another place, in speaking of Wollaton, he says, "where in our "where in our own time Sir Francis Willoughby, at great expense, in a foolish display of his wealth, built a magnificent and most elegant house with a fine prospect." Mr. Nash says: "In grandeur and unity of design, though not in extent, this noble edifice, in respect of its external beauty, may be considered the most striking of the numerous magnificent mansions of the Elizabethan era. The garden front of the mansion, is the most richly decorated; the entrance front being somewhat similar. The building forms a square, in the centre of which is the Hall, occupying the whole ground space of the central tower-a very remarkable feature of the edifice, and to which all the rest of the building is subordinate. In this as in almost all other of the Elizabethan mansions, the masonry and workmanship are so excellent, that they have more freshness of execution in their details, as well as solidity in their construction, than many buildings of recent date. The entrance hall contains an armoury for the county, consisting of a number of musquets with their accoutrements all disposed in a regular and ornamental manner. From hence we enter the hall, the interior of which "will strike every observer by its stupendous height and singular proportion, the screen itself being loftier than many of the halls of that period. Its dimensions may be described as those of a double cube, being as high again as its length. Notwithstanding its immense height, this apartment is perfectly comfortable, and is used at the present day. The roof is very bold in construction, and has a very elegant effect; and the screen is of stone, richly decorated in the Italian style." The gallery contains an organ and a handsome clock. The walls and ceiling are painted by La Guire; and there are several pictures by the old masters. There are also imitations of elks' heads, but with real horns, over every door; near to the gallery is a family piece: and the gallery itself contains some family portraits. The saloon is described as an elegant and airy apartment containing some good pictures; but the attention of the stranger is principally directed to the windows, from whence there is a most enchanting prospect of the pleasure grounds, and their various ornaments of buildings and water, backed by fine groves, in which are seen shady walks, and all the beauties of garden scenery. The principal staircase is elegantly painted in fresco; the subjects are chosen from heathen mythology. The dining-room up stairs is furnished with some capital family pictures, among which are particularly pointed out that of Sir Richard Willoughby, Lord Chief Justice during the space of twenty three years, in the reign of Edward the Third; and secondly Sir Hugh Willoughby, who was frozen to death in the North Seas, in 1554*. The drawing-room is plain and elegant, and is furnished with some pictures; the billiard-room contains what is called the original picture of the Earl of Strafford and his secretary, the night before his execution. The picture is said to have considerable merit, and to be a just likeness of the unfortunate nobleman. The secondary staircase is ornamented with some good paintings. A circular staircase in one of the towers conducts the visitor to the Upper-room or Ballroom, which rises above the centre of the roof. Mr. Nash says that this room has been entirely modernised. Two of the turrets contain neat rooms, to which the approach is from the roof of the house, from whence there is a most delightful and extensive prospect of the well wooded park and gardens, in which the water and The reader will find the interesting history of this brave man in our first notice of Old English Navigators.-See Saturday Magasine, Vol. XIX. p. 199. bridge have a very fine effect; and the Woulds together with the vale of Belvoir, add much to the beauty of the prospect, contrasting finely with the rich foreground. The ornaments of the roof consist principally of a number of statues of tolerable workmanship, and well preserved: the mode of arranging the chimnies is so ingenious that they appear rather designed for ornament than use. Descending from this elevation, the Library is the next object of attraction. It is a long room wainscotted in imitation of oak, with a good selection of books on general subjects, well arranged. Here is an ancient folio Missal, highly illuminated; also an ancient service book of Wollaton church, bought from the last Roman Catholic Rector for ten marks, containing the whole service set for chanting in the ancient manner. Henry, the fifth Lord Middleton, with many portraits of the earlier branches of the Willoughbys, are in this apartment; together with a very curious antique cabinet, ornamented with animals and flowers, inlaid with mother of pearl. Near the mansion is the ancient pleasure-ground, in which the antique style is preserved, though with some modern alterations and additions. The modern flower and kitchen gardens are at some distance from this, and completely hid in wood, so as only to be visible from the upper part of the house. In the grounds there is a curious summer-house in the grotto style, pannelled and ceiled with looking-glasses, and ornamented with paintings and shell-work. Under it is a water-house, formed completely in the grotesque, with shell and rock-work. The ancient village church of Wollaton contains several memorials of the Willoughby family, among which may be mentioned a monument to Richard Willoughby, Esq. and his wife, who died about 1481; it resembles an ancient fire-place in a gothic hall, and in the centre is a large grating, inside of which lies the representation of a skeleton on the floor. Here is also a monument of Henry Willoughby in armour, with two female figures on one side, which lie in a line, and are just his length. He is in the attitude of prayer; and the lower part of the altar contains four figures, two of which are sons in armour, and two daughters in the costume of the time. Three gothic arches in the body of clothes. the tomb show a statue of a corpse in grave The date is 1528; no less than eighty-three years before the institution of Baronets; yet the inscription on the tomb has "miles pro corpore regis &c., Baronettus," which, however, has been regarded as a mistake for "Bannerettus." BE wise to day: 'tis madness to defer: The vast concerns of an eternal scene.-YOUNG. THOSE who have been accustomed to consider the gipsy as a wandering outcast, incapable of appreciating the blessings of a settled and civilized life, or, if abandoning his vagabond propensities, and becoming stationary, as one who never ascends higher than the condition of a low trafficker, will be surprised to learn that amongst the gipsies of Moscow there are not a few who inhabit stately houses, go abroad in elegant equipages, and are behind the higher orders of the Russians neither in appearance nor mental acquirements. To the female part of the gipsy colony of Moscow, is to be attributed the merit of this partial rise from degradation and abjectness, having from time immemorial so successfully cultivated the vocal art, that though in the midst of a nation by whom song is more cherished and cultivated, and its principles better understood than by any other of the civilized globe, the gipsy choirs of Moscow are, by the general voice of the Russian public, admitted to be unrivalled in that most amiable of all accomplishments.BORRAD'S Gipsies. |