special officers, $1,200 each; 33 privates, $1,050 each; one-half of the privates to be selected by the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and one-half by the Sergeant at Arms of the House; in all, $42,450. For contingent expenses, $200. For purchasing and supplying uniforms to Capitol Police, $3,000. A further provision of the Act was:

Protection of the Capitol: For an additional uniformed police force for the protection of the Capitol Building and Grounds, the Senate and House Office Buildings, and the Capitol power plant, and for emergencies, and each and every item incident thereto, $15,000: Provided, That the appointments to the positions herein provided shall be made by the Sergeants at Arms of the two Houses and the Architect of the Capitol, and shall be made solely on account of efficiency and special qualifications. One-half of the foregoing amounts under "Capitol Police" shall be disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate and one-half by the Clerk of the House. 127

Again, there was no mention of the number or grades of the additional police force. The regular police force remained at 76. The total appropriations, including the $15,000 for the additional force, and the $3,000 for uniforms was $99,800.

On May 24, 1924 the following Act became law: An Act to fix the compensation of officers and employees of the Legislative Branch of the Government. The Act established the following positions and annual (except where specified otherwise) rates of compensation:

Police force for the Senate Office Building under the Sergeant at Arms: 16 privates, $1,360 each; 1 special officer, $1,520.

Capitol Police: 1 captain, $2,150; 3 lieutenants, $1,520 each; 2 special officers, $1,520 each; 3 sergeants, $1,410 each; 44 privates, $1,360 each.

Police force for the House Office Building under the Sergeant at Arms: 1 lieutenant, $1,520; 19 privates, $1,360 each.128

This was not an Appropriations Act, but it established the salaries per annum for a 90-member police force. It is also the first time the rank of sergeant had appeared in the force.

The June 7, 1924 Appropriations Act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, appropriated the following for the Capitol Police force: for the Senate Office Building under the Sergeant at Arms, 16 privates, $1,360 each; 1 special officer, $1,520; in all, $23,280. For the police force of the House Office Building, under the Sergeant at Arms: 1 lieutenant, $1,520; 19 privates, $1,360 each; in all, $27,360. For the salaries of the main Capitol Police force: 1 captain, $2,150; 3 lieutenants, $1,520 each; 2 special officers, $1,520 each; 3 sergeants, $1,410 each; 44 privates, $1,360 each; one-half of the privates to be selected by the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and onehalf by the Sergeant at Arms of the House; in all, $73,820. For contingent expenses, $200. For purchasing and supplying uniforms to Capitol Police, $3,000. One-half of the foregoing amounts under "Capitol Police" shall be disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate and one-half by the Clerk of the House. 129 The total appropriation, including the contingent expenses and uniform purchase was $127,660, for a force of 90 members.

On December 19, 1924 a concurrent resolution was passed (S. Con. Res., No. 23) as follows:

That a joint committee consisting of 3 Senators and 3 Representatives, to be appointed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representa

127 42 Stat. 1264, 1267, 1270, 1272.

128 43 Stat. 146, 149, 151.

tives, respectively, is authorized to make the necessary arrangements for the inauguration of the President-elect of the United States on the 4th of March next.1

130

The January 20, 1925 Deficiency Appropriations Act, to supply urgent deficiencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, and prior fiscal years, provided the following:

To enable the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives to pay the necessary expenses of the inaugural ceremonies of the President of the United States March 4, 1925, in accordance with such program as may be adopted by the joint committee of the Senate and House of Representatives, appointed under a concurrent resolution of the two Houses, including the pay for extra police, $40,000.131

The Appropriations Act of March 4, 1925 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, provided for the police force for the Senate Office Building under the Sergeant at Arms: 16 privates, at $1,360 each; 1 special officer $1,520; in all, $23,280. For the police force, House Office Building, under the Sergeant at Arms, 1 lieutenant, $1,520; 19 privates, at $1,360 each; in all, $27,360. For the main Capitol Police force, salaries: 1 captain, $2,150; 3 lieutenants, $1,520 each; 2 special officers, $1,520 each; 3 sergeants, $1,410 each, 44 privates, $1,360 each; one-half of the privates to be selected by the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and one-half by the Sergeant at Arms of the House; in all $73,820. For contingent expenses, $200. For purchasing and supplying uniforms to Capitol Police, $3,000. One-half of the foregoing amounts under "Capitol Police” (main Capitol Police force) shall be disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate and one-half by the Clerk of the House.132 The total appropriations for the 90-member Capitol Police force, including contingent expenses and money for uniforms was $127,660.

130 43 Stat. 1615.

131 43 Stat. 753. A further search of the records did not reveal how many police were hired, how much they were paid, or how long they served.

SECTION III

STATUTES 44-64, FISCAL YEARS 1927-1951

The Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of May 13, 1926, making appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1927, provided for the police force for the Senate Office Building under the Sergeant at Arms: 16 privates, at $1,360 each; 1 special officer, $1,520; in all $23,280. For the police force for the House Office Building, under the Sergeant at Arms: 1 lieutenant, $1,520; 19 privates at $1,360 each; in all $27,360. For the main Capitol Police force, salaries: captain, $2,150; 3 lieutenants, at $1,520 each; 2 special officers, at $1,520 each; 3 sergeants, at $1,410 each; 44 privates, at $1,360 each; one-half of the privates to be selected by the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and one-half by the Sergeant at Arms of the House; in all, $73,820. For contingent expenses $200. For purchasing and supplying uniforms and motorcycles to Capitol Police, $3,750. One-half of the foregoing amounts for the main Capitol Police force to be disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate and onehalf by the Clerk of the House.1 The total appropriations for the 90-member Capitol Police force, including contingent expenses and money for uniforms and motorcycles amounted to $128,410, a $750 increase over the March 4, 1925 Appropriations Act. This is also the first time money for motorcycles was included in an Appropriations Act.

The February 23, 1927 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928, provided for: police force for the Senate Office Building under the Sergeant at Arms: 16 privates, at $1,360 each; 1 special officer, $1,520; in all $23,280; police force for the House Office Building under the Sergeant at Arms: 1 lieutenant, $1,520; 19 privates, at $1,360 each; in all, $27,360. For the main Capitol Police force, salaries: captain, $2,150; 3 lieutenants, at $1,520 each; 2 special officers, at $1,520 each; 3 sergeants, at $1,410 each; 44 privates, at $1,360 each; one-half of the privates to be selected by the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and one-half by the Sergeant at Arms of the House; in all, $73,820. For contingent expenses, $200. For purchasing and supplying unforms and motorcycles to the Capitol Police, $3,750. One-half of the foregoing amounts for the main Capitol Police force to be disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate and one-half by the Clerk of the House.2 The total appropriations for the 90-member Capitol Police force, including contingent expenses, money for uniforms and motorcyles was $128,410.

The Appropriations Act of May 14, 1928, for the Legislative Branch, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1929, provided the fol

1 44 Stat. 537, 540, 542, 545.

2 44 Stat. 1146, 1149, 1152, 1154.

lowing for the Capitol Police: for the Senate Office Building, under the Sergeant at Arms: 16 privates, at $1,360 each; 1 special officer $1,520; in all $23,280. For the police force, House Office Building, under the Sergeant at Arms: 1 lieutenant, $1,520; 19 privates, at $1,360 each; in all $27,360. For the main Capitol Police force, salaries: captain, $2,150; 3 lieutenants, at $1,520 each; 2 special officers, at $1,520 each; 3 sergeants, at $1,410 each; 44 privates, at $1,360 each; one-half of the privates to be selected by the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and one-half by the Sergeant at Arms of the House; in all, $73,820. For contingent expenses, $200. For purchasing and supplying uniforms and motorcycles to Capitol Police, $3,750. One-half of the foregoing amounts for the main Capitol Police force to be disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate and onehalf by the Clerk of the House.3 The total appropriations for the Capitol Police, including contingent expenses, money for uniforms and motorcycles amounted to $128,410. The Total Capitol Police force remained at 90.

On December 14, 1928 a concurrent resolution was passed (S. Con. Res. No. 24) as follows:

That a joint committee consisting of 3 Senators and 3 Representatives, to be appointed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, respectively, is authorized to make the necessary arrangements for the inauguration of the President elect of the United States on the 4th of March next.*

On the same day, the Vice President appointed Senators Hale, Moses, and Overman to serve on the Joint Committee on Inauguration, and on the same day, the Speaker of the House of Representatives appointed Representatives Snell, Dyer, and Pou to serve on the Joint Committee.5

The February 28, 1929 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, provided the following for the Capitol Police: for police force for Senate Office Building under the Sergeant at Arms; 16 privates, at $1,360 each; 1 special officer, $1,520; 19 privates, at $1,360 each; 1 special officer, $1,520; 19 privates, at $1,360 each; in all, $27,360. For the main Capitol Police force, salaries: captain, $2,150; 3 lieutenants, at $1,520 each; 2 special officers, at $1,520 each; 3 sergeants, at $1,410 each; 44 privates, at $1,360 each; one-half of the privates to be selected by the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and one-half by the Sergeant at Arms of the House; in all, $73,820. For contingent expenses, $200. For purchasing and supplying uniforms and motorcycles to Capitol Police, $3,750. One-half of the foregoing amounts for the main Capitol Police force to be disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate and one-half by the Clerk of the House.6 The total appropriations for the Capitol Police, including contingent expenses, money for uniforms and motorcycles amounted to $128,410. The total Capitol Police force remained at 90.

The March 4, 1929 Deficiency Appropriations Act, to supply urgent deficiencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1929, and prior fiscal years, provided the following:

3 45 Stat. 517, 519, 522, 524, 525.

445 Stat. 2395. (Resolutions are listed separately from the Public Acts in the Statutes at Large, thus the variance of non-consecutive page numbers).

5 Congressional Record. 70th Cong. 2d Sess. v. 70, Pt. 1, December 14, 1928: 565, 607.

The enable the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives to pay the necessary expenses of the inaugural ceremonies of the President of the United States, March 4, 1929, in accordance with such program as may be adopted by the joint committee of the Senate and House of Representatives, appointed under a concurrent resolution of the two Houses, including the pay for extra police, fiscal year 1929, $45,000.7

On June 20, 1929 the following Act became law: An Act to fix the compensation of officers and employees of the legislative branch of the Government. The Act established the following positions and annual (except where specified otherwise) rates of compensation:

Police force for Senate Office Building under the Sergeant at Arms: Special officer, $1,740; 16 privates, at $1,620 each.

Capitol Police: Captain; $2,460; 3 lieutenants at $1,740 each; 2 special officers at $1,740 each; 3 sergeants at $1,680 each; 44 privates at $1,620 each.

Police force for House Office Building under the Sergeant at Arms: Lieutenant, $1,740; 19 privates at $1,620 each.

The Act also made the following provisions:

The offices, positions, and compensation hereinbefore specified shall be in lieu of those enumerated under the same captions in the Legislative Appropriation Act for fiscal year 1930, approved February 28, 1929, and the appropriations contained in such Act for the compensation of the officers and employees of Congress are hereby made available toward the payment of the compensation of the officers and employees of Congress at the rates and in the numbers specified in this section.

The Deficiency Appropriations Act of March 26, 1930, to supply urgent deficiencies in certain appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, and prior fiscal year, provided the following:

For the additional amounts required during the fiscal year 1930 on account of the increase in compensation provided by the Act entitled "An Act to fix the compensation of officers and employees of the legislative branch of the Government," approved June 20, 1929, as follows: Police force, Senate Office Building under the Sergeant at Arms, $4,380; for the Capitol Police, $13,600.9

The June 6, 1930 Appropriations Act for the Legislative Branch of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931, provided for the Capitol Police, as follows: police force for the Senate

7 45 Stat. 1607, 1608. A further search of the records did not reveal how many police were hired, how much they were paid, or how long they served.

8 46 Stat. 34, 35, 36. See also supra 43 Stat. 149, and infra 46 Stat. 90. The three categories (Police Force Senate, Capitol Police, and Police Force House) are listed in the sequence in which the line items appeared in the Appropriations Act.

A comparison of the Statutes establishing the rates of compensation for the Capitol Police force from 1875 to 1929 (54 years) reveals that the rate of compensation by this Legislative Pay Act of June 1929 for the Capitol Police force is less (with the exception of the captain, which is $59 more) than the salaries set forth in Sec. 1822 of the Revised Statutes of 1875. For example: Section 1822 of the Revised Statutes of 1875 (see supra fn. p. 25, 26) fixed the number and salaries of the Capitol Police, as follows: 1 captain, $2,401.20; 3 lieutenants at $2,070 each; 27 privates at $1,821.60 each; and 8 watchmen at $1,150 each. In 1876 there was a reduction of salaries, as follows: 1 captain, $1,600; 3 lieutenants, $1,200 each; 21 privates, $1,100 each, and 6 watchmen, $900 each (see supra 19 Stat. 143, 144). From 1876 to 1910 (34 years) the captain was paid $1,600 per annum. In 1910 the captain's salary was increased from $200 per annum, to $1,800 (see supra 36 Stat. 473); no other salaries were raised at this time. The captain's salary remained at $1,800 until 1924, when it was raised $350 per annum, to $2,150. From 1876 to 1924 lieutenants (and special officers) were paid $1,200 per annum. From 1876 to 1906 privates received $1,100 per annum, and watchmen received $900 per annum. In 1906 the watchmen were taken into the Capitol Police force as privates, and both privates and watchmen were paid $1,050 per annum (see supra 34 Stat. 389, 392). There were no raises for the lieutenants, special officers, or privates until the Legislative Pay Act of May 24, 1924 (48 years) (see supra 43 Stat. 146, 149, 151). This Act fixed the salaries of the Capitol Police force, as follows: captain $2,150; lieutenants and special officers $1,520; sergeants $1,410; and privates $1,360. The Legislative Pay Act of June 20, 1929 (above) established the annual rate of compensation, as follows: captain $2,460, a raise of $310 per annum; lieutenants and special officers $1,740, a raise of $220 per annum; sergeants $1,680, a raise of $270 per annum; and privates $1,620, a raise of $260 per

annum.