for his views, and bases his argument on the right of laborers to belong to an organization to which they are bound by oath, and at the same time to be in the employ of a railroad to which their organization may, on the tap of the bell, become hostile, so long as no overt acts have as yet been committed by them, and so long as the constitution of their organization contains nothing hostile to the laws of the land.

It is a fact that thousands of employes are to-day the paid enemies of those whom they profess to serve. This is because of their allegiance to organizations that demand the first place in their loyalty and good-will This is the first demand of labor organizations upon their members, and it appeals to laboring-men especially, because it assumes to have their interests at heart, and is based upon the assumption that the employer has not. As a matter of fact employers get the second run of the sap, -the second place in the good-will, loyalty, enthusiasm, and affection of their employes. The first place is usurped by the labor leaders. To hold their position all sorts of economic falsehoods are taught to the men, prejudices are awakened, the men are embittered, made surly, cross, ugly; and, in time of strikes, desperate and violent by leaders who are supported by the wage-earners and use the organizations for selfish and political ends. There are a sufficient number of exceptions to prove the rule. Could a general, in time of battle, handle troops who were loyal to the enemy? Could a college govern students who were pledged to organizations hostile to the management? Would a servant in the house be tolerated who was loyal to some union that permitted or sanctioned violence and crime?

The managers of large industries know all these things to be true, and the opinions of Attorney-General Olney are those of a theoretical lawyer dependent on politics for his position. How far will politics be permitted to mislead the American people on these vital questions of the relations between capital and labor? The true friends of labor are those who furnish employment, and, sooner or later, this truth must be made clear to the wage-earners. Otherwise, American industries must decline, --the most serious disaster that could befall the laboring-people. Organizations that recognize this great truth, encourage it and stimulate it, will be the true friend of the laborer, and of the employer as well. Such or ganizations should have the support and good-will of the people, the sanction and protection of the courts, and none others should.

OBERLIN INSTITUTE OF CHRISTIAN SOCIOLOGY.

IN response to an invitation sent by President W. G. Ballantine, of Oberlin College, to prominent leaders in social reform and to Christian sociological thinkers, a large and enthusiastic gathering of distinguished

men convened in the Second Church, in Oberlin, Ohio, November 14 and 15, 1894. President Ballantine presided.

The object of the meeting was to consider the advisability of holding a Summer School of Sociology in Oberlin during a part of the month in July, 1895.

Letters of regret were read from ex-President Benjamin Harrison, Professor Albion W. Small, of the Chicago University, Dr. Samuel W. Dike, Professor Mattoon M. Curtis, of Adelbert College, ex-President George F. Magoun, of Iowa College, Rev. Professor Graham Taylor, of Chicago, and many others.

Ex-President Harrison expressed his heartiest approval of the plan for such an institute, and emphasized the necessity of bringing together at such a time those who are in closest touch with the live questions of the day; such as, the employers of labor, and the leaders of labor organizations. Professor Small warned against the common error of assuming to know and teach Christian sociology until one was first trained in sociology. Professor Curtis's letter, read by President Charles F. Thwing, called attention to the importance of individualism in character in all schemes of social reform. Dr. Dike expressed his apprehension of the use of the word "Christian" as applied to sociology, calling attention to the fact that the Hartford Theological Seminary had dropped the use of the word in that connection. Ex-President Magoun was emphatic in favoring the use of the word, and gave a concise and clear résumé of his reasons for so doing.

The convention elected Dr. Washington Gladden as president, and Mr. Z. Swift Holbrook as secretary. An executive committee of seven was chosen, with power to choose two additional persons, the entire committee to have full charge of the program for a Summer School of Christian Sociology. The following were appointed as such committee: Rev. Dr. Washington Gladden, Columbus, Ohio, president; Mr. Z. Swift Holbrook, Chicago, secretary; President W. G. Ballantine, Oberlin, Ohio; Lucien C. Warner, M. D., New York City; Professor Stephen F. Weston, Cleveland, Ohio; Rev. Sydney Strong, Cincinnati, Ohio; Rev. Dr. Henry M. Tenney, Oberlin, Ohio; Rev. Dr. Levi Gilbert, Cleveland, Ohio; Rev. Dr. Samuel P. Sprecher, Cleveland, Ohio.

The speakers selected were Dr. H. W. Stuckenberg, of Berlin, Germany, who gave an admirable address on the Evolution of Society. Dr. Stuckenberg was the first to use the word Christian in connection with sociology, in a book published by himself in 1880.

Dr. Josiah Strong spoke on the Law of Service, and the principle of greatness by giving service instead of by receiving was unfolded logi cally, clearly, and powerfully.

Dr. H. M. Tenney recalled Oberlin's history as a fitting environment for a sociological convention, as it had always been identified with all Practical reforms for the uplifting of humanity.

Professor W. I. Thomas, of the Chicago University, gave a clear outline of the duties of the sociological student and the methods and scope of his work.

On Thursday afternoon Lucien C. Warner, M. D., the well-known and successful merchant and philanthropist who gave Warner Hall to Oberlin College, made a practical address on the Relations of Capital to Labor. It was clear, simple, business-like and scholarly, and will appear in a future number of this magazine.

He was followed by Mr. Z. Swift Holbrook, who spoke on Christian Sociology, defending the use of the word "Christian," and showing the necessity of having the work of students so practical that Christian reformers can take their conclusions and press on to accomplish actua! results in uplifting humanity and in solving the social problems of to-day. In the evening Dr. Gladden gave the address which appears in this number of the BIBLIOTHECA SACRA.

The Convention closed with the unanimous opinion that it was a distinguished success and a hopeful beginning for an enthusiastic, scholarly, and practical summer school in July, 1895.

ARTICLE XIII.

NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS

NOVUM TESTAMENTUM GRAECE, ad Antiquissimos Testes denuo Recensuit. Apparatum Criticum Apposuit Constantinus Tischendorf. Editio octava major. Volumen III. Prolegomena. Scripsit Casparus Renatus Gregory additis curis † Ezrae Abbot. Pars Altera (1890). Pars Ultima (1894). Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs.

Tischendorf's last and greatest work is now completed. The text and critical apparatus of his eighth edition of the Greek New Testament was given to the world nearly a quarter of a century ago, but the death of the gifted editor in 1874 seemed to cut off all hope that the promised and much desired Prolegomena would ever appear, especially since Tischendorf left behind him very few memoranda. Two American scholars, Dr. Caspar René Gregory, of Leipzig, and Dr. Ezra Abbot, of Cambridge, Mass., undertook to supply the want. The death of Dr. Abbot left the full labor of completing these invaluable Prolegomena to Dr. Gregory. Whatever faults or shortcomings there may be in the work as it has now appeared, they should not be allowed to interfere with the most sincere and abundant gratitude on the part of all New Testament scholars to him, but for whose patience, skill, industry, and, we believe, love for his arduous task, as well as for the memory of Tischendorf, we should still be in sore need of this well-nigh indispensable aid to the investigation of the text of the New Testament.

The Prolegomena constitute Volume III. of Tischendorf's eighth edition, and have appeared in three parts. Pars Prior was published in 1884, and needs no special mention here. Pars Altera came from the press in 1890, and Pars Ultima in 1894. The three parts are connected so as to form one complete whole, with consecutive paging and divisions into chapters. The whole work contains 1426 pages and thirteen chapters, of which Pars Altera includes Chap. VIII., “De Codicibus Minusculis" (pp. 451-800), and Pars Ultima the remaining five chapters and 626 pages. Chap. IX. (pp. 801-1128), "De Versionibus," includes catalogues of all known MSS. of the versions of the New Testament in the Syriac, Egyptian, Armenian, Georgian, Persian, Arabic, Gothic, Slavonic, Frankish, Theotiscan and Bohemian languages. The last four of these are of little importance. Prefixed to the whole is a brief discussion as to the general use and value of the versions for text-critical purposes. Before each catalogue the author has given us his views as to the proba

ble age of that particular version, the class of text represented by it, and also a brief history of the different editions of the New Testament in it. This is the same general plan already followed by the author in the previous portions of this work. The catalogues are as full as the present state of knowledge permits. The author deserves many thanks for the great amount of toil, perseverance, and expense, as well as travelling, he has had to undergo in order to give us his lists of the thousands of MSS. registered in this and the preceding chapter.

Chap. X., "De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis," contains a dissertation, covering some twenty pages, on the use and value of patristic testimony, followed by a catalogue-alphabetically arranged--of ecclesiastical writers. This catalogue will be found very useful for purposes of reference, as well as for its intended use, namely, as a key to the patristic references in the critical apparatus of Tischendorf's eighth edition. Unfortunately, the author limited himself to those writers and works that are made use of in the apparatus. There are other works -especially those that have come to light since Tischendorf's, death equally valuable for text-critical use, so far as they contain New Testament quotationswhich should have been mentioned in the catalogue.

Chapter XI. is a Table of Witnesses (Tabula Testium) arranged according to centuries. The table is complete as far as the end of the tenth century; after that, it is confined to the Greek cursives and a few ecclesiastical writers.

The twelfth chapter contains the Addenda et Emendanda both to the text and critical apparatus of Tischendorf's eighth edition and to the Prolegomena. Not a few changes in the text will be found to be made

here.

The necessary indices and explanations of the abbreviations both for the New Testament and the Prolegomena constitute the last chapter. Such, in brief outline, are the contents of a work that has been looked forward to with more than ordinary interest by the whole world of New Testament scholarship. Any criticism of such a work must bear in mind that it includes two separate and very different elements. On the one hand, there are the catalogues of MSS. which make up a large portion of the whole; e.g., Chap. VIII., including altogether 349 pages, with the exception of but twenty pages, is simply a list of nearly two thousand different cursive Greek MSS. These catalogues are simply a register of facts, with no particular expression of opinion. As to the correctness with which the facts are registered, there is no man living competent to judge in regard to them all, and the statements by Dr. Gregory will be generally accepted as true. His lists are far in advance of any previously published, as to general accuracy and completeness, and probably will remain as a guide for future workers in the same field. But, on the other hand, Dr. Gregory's work also contains explanatory and introductory matter which is largely his or others' judgment on