The people at the Bay of Islands, in consequence of the death of their chief, Tippahee, declared war against the people of Wangaroa: several desperate battles have been fought, and the war was likely to continue.

I had often told Duaterra and Shunghee, that it would be for the interest of all parties to make peace, and that I wished to see it established before I quitted New Zealand. Duaterra expressed his doubts as to the accomplishment of this object. I told him I thought, if I could obtain an interview with the chiefs, that I might bring it about, and that it was my determination to visit Wangaroa before my return, and try what could be done.

Tippahee and his people were innocent sufferers, and their deaths laid the foundation for much bloodshed. Many since that period have been cut off, both belonging to the Bay of Islands and Wangaroa. I never passed Tippahee's Island without a sigh. It is now desolate, without an inhabitant, and has been so ever since his death: the ruins of his little cottage, which was built by the kindness of the late Governor King. are still remaining. I would hope that those Europeans who were concerned in that fatal transaction were ignorant, at the time, that they were punishing the innocent. I think it probable that the mistake, if there were one, which I am inclined to believe, originated in the affinity between the names of Tippahee and the chief of Wangaroa. who was principally concerned in the destruction of the Boyd, and whose name is Tippoohee.

Having fully satisfied myself relative to the loss of the Boyd, and explained to these people the reason of the Active coming to New Zealand, I found, as night was coming on, that I could not accomplish the grand object I had in view, of making peace, without spending more time with them, and therefore resolved to remain all night in their camp.

Duaterra, and the party who had come with us from the Active, returned on board; leaving myself, Mr. Nicholas, and Shunghee, to spend the night on shore. We sat down upon the ground to supper: but were soon almost smothered with the natives, who crowded so close around us, that I was compelled to draw a circle, and to direct them not to pass it.

We were much amused with these people; and they appeared equally so with us, and manifested every wish to serve us. After spending about an hour with them, we returned to the camp of the Wangaroa people, who had removed about a half a mile further from the place where we had had our first interview with them; and had taken their station in a level piece of ground, which I estimated to contain about one hundred acres. They received us very cordially. We sat down among them, and the chiefs surrounded us.

I now renewed our conversation relative to the destruction of the Boyd, with a view of bringing about a reconciliation between them and the inhabitants of the Bay of Islands; as I considered it of great importance to the Mission to establish peace between these contending parties. The chiefs told me the state the Boyd was then in; and promised to give me the guns, and whatever remained belonging to her, if I would go into their harbour. They had got some of the guns on shore, and would get the rest. The chief (George) told me that his father and five others were blown up in the Boyd, when she took fire. His father had got part of the powder upon deck, and some of the muskets; and was trying one of the flints in a musket, whether it would strike fire or not, when a spark caught the powder and set the Boyd on fire, and killed all that were near. He pressed me much to go into their harbour. I told him I probably should before I left New Zealand, if the wind would permit ; but I could not go at that time, on account of the stock, and the number of people on board the Active.

As the evening advanced, the people began to retire to rest, in different groups. About eleven o'clock Mr. Nicholas and I wrapped ourselves up in our great coats, and prepared for rest also. George directed me to lie by his side. His wife and child lay on the right hand, and Mr. Nicholas close by. The night was clear, the stars shone bright, and the sea in our front was smooth; around us were numerous spears stuck upright in the ground; and groups of natives, lying in all directions, like a flock of sheep upon the grass, as there were neither tents nor huts to cover them. I viewed our present situation with sensations and feelings that I cannot express -- surrounded by cannibals, who had massacred and devoured our countrymen. I wondered much at the mysteries of Providence, and how these things could be! Never did I behold the blessed advantage of civilization in a more grateful light than now. I did not sleep much during the night. My mind was too seriously occupied by the present scene, and the new and strange ideas which it naturally excited."

About three o'clock in the morning, I rose, and walked about the camp; surveying the different groups of natives. Some of them put out their heads from under the top of their Kakkahows, which are like a bee-hive, and spoke to me. When the morning light returned, we beheld men, women, and children asleep in

all directions, like the beasts of the field. I had ordered the boat to come on shore for us at day-light; and, soon after, Duaterra arrived in the camp.

Duaterra, Shunghee, and Koro-koro, all shook hands with the chiefs of Wangaroa; and saluted each other, as a token of reconciliation, by joining their noses together. I was much gratified to see these men at amity once more; and sincerely wish that the peace may never he broken; and considered the time well employed while we had been detained by adverse winds.

The chiefs took their leave after this, much pleased with our attention to them ; and promised never in future to injure any Europeans.

Duaterra passed the remaining part of the day in preparing for the Sabbath. He enclosed about half an acre of land with a fence, erected a pulpit and readingdesk in the centre, and covered the whole, either with black native cloth, or some duck, which he had brought with him from Fort Jackson. He also procured some bottoms of old canoes, and fixed them up as seats on each side of the pulpit, for the Europeans to sit upon; intending to have Divine Service performed there the next day. These preparations he made of his own accord; and, in the evening, informed me that everything was ready for Divine Service. I was much pleased with this singular mark of his attention. The reading-desk was about three feet from the ground, and the pulpit about six feet. The black cloth covered the top of the pulpit and hang over the sides. The bottom of the pulpit, as well as the readingdesk, was a part of a canoe. The whole was becoming and had a solemn appearance. He had also erected a flag-staff on the highest hill in the village, which had a very commanding view.

On Sunday morning, when I was upon deck, I saw the English flag flying, which was a pleasing sight in New Zealand. I considered it as the signal and the dawn of civilization, liberty, and religion, in that dark and benighted land. I never viewed the British colours with more gratification; and flattered myself they would never be removed, till the natives of that island enjoyed all the happiness of British subjects.

About ten o'clock we prepared to go ashore, to publish, for the first time, the glad tidings of the Gospel. I was under no apprehension for the safety of the vessel; and therefore ordered all on board to go on shore to attend Divine Service, except the master and one man. When we landed, we found Koro-koro, Duaterra, and Shunghee, dressed in regimentals, which Governor Macquarie had given them; with their men drawn up, ready to be marched into the enclosure to attend Divine Service. They had their swords by their sides, and switches in their hands. We entered the enclosure, and were placed on the seats on each side of the pulpit. Koro-koro marched his men and placed them on my right hand, in the rear of the Europeans; and Duaterra placed his men on the left. The inhabitants of the town, with the women and children, and a number of other chiefs, formed a circle round the whole. A very solemn silence prevailed-the sight was truly impressive! I rose up and began the service with singing the Old Hundredth Psalm; and felt my very soul melt within me when I viewed my congregation, and considered the state they were in. After reading the service, during which the natives stood up and sat down at the signals given by Koro-koro's switch, which was regulated by the movements of the Europeans, it being Christmas Day, I preached from the 2d chapter of St. Luke's Gospel, and 10th verse-Behold! I bring you glad tidings of great joy,' &c. The natives told Duaterra, that they could not understand what I meant. He replied, that they were not to mind that now, for they would understand that by and by; and that he would explain my meaning as far as he could.

In this manner the Gospel was introduced into New Zealand; and Mr. Marsden offered up a fervent supplication, "that the glory of it might never depart from its inhabitants, till time shall be no more.

Mr. Marsden made a coasting voyage of two hundred miles, and had much promising incipient intercourse with the nations. During the whole time he did not, he says, meet with "the smallest accident, provocation, or insult." He returned with a full persuasion that "there was no real obstruction to their civilization, nor to the introduction of Christianity among them;" and he added, "I am strongly inclined to believe that they will soon be ranked among civilized nations," though at that period "they were all cannibals." Before Mr. Marsden left

the islands poor Duaterra died of fever, brought on by his exertions for the good of his people. He was a very remarkable man—a man of a strong mind, and enlightened far beyond his countrymen; he was a

patriot and a legislator; he had projected a town after the European mode, not forgetting a church; he had introduced agriculture into New Zealand, and expected in two years to have wheat enough for his own people, and to supply other chiefs with seed; and he was planning a system of commerce, and other great national improvements. Whether or not he understood and received the Gospel as "the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth," he at least felt and acknowledged the moral and social blessings which accompany it; and when he sailed from England, after his visit here, he burst into tears, because, he said, "New Zealanders do not know how to make a Sunday." Mr. Marsden wrote of him when expecting his death :

Upon the wisdom, zeal, industry, and influence of this serviceable man, I calculated for many advantages to New Zealand. My hopes were now likely to be blighted. What the great Head of the Church ordains to be done, will in the end be best. David mourned for Abner-I shall long mourn for Duaterra, should he be carried off by death; for, as a great man fell in Israel when Abner died, so will a great man fall in New Zealand, should Duaterra not survive his present affliction.

His Second Visit to New Zealand.-Having laid a foundation for the future operations of the Missionaries, Mr. Marsden entertained sanguine anticipations of bringing the natives into the Church of Christ. He writes, a few months before his second voyage:

I believe that the time is now come for these nations to be called into the outward Church at least. The way is clear, and Divine Goodness will provide the means for their instruction. I admit that many difficulties will be met with on all untried ground, and that the wisest men will sometimes mistake in their views of accomplishing their objects, with respect to a nation which has had no intercourse with the civilized world; yet these difficulties will be overcome, under the blessing of God, by constant perseverance, and I have no doubt but that this will be the case in the present instance with regard to New Zealand. Time will make this matter more easy. The work is now begun the foundation is now laid-and I hope we shall soon see the structure rise.

Mr. Marsden found on his second visit that a marked improvement had taken place in the conduct of the natives. Some who formerly used to break down the Missionaries' fences, abuse them, and steal their property, were living at the settlement on friendly terms with them. An instance of Shunghee's good feeling may here be noticed. In 1817 a naval expedition, under his command, sailed from the Bay of Islands. It consisted of thirty canoes, and about eight hundred men. Its object was to obtain peace with his enemies at the North Cape. The chief took an affectionate leave of the settlers, and told them that, if he fell, they must be kind to his children; and if he survived, he would take care of their families when they should die. The expedition returned, however, in about a fortnight, his people having quarrelled with those of Wangaroa; and being afraid, he said, that the Wangaroa people would attack the settlers in his absence, he for the present abandoned the expedition. He was much attached to Mr. Marsden; but after his voyage to England, where he was treated with distinction and loaded with valuable presents, he became inflated with ambition, and entered upon sanguinary wars of conquest and revenge. He was, however, a noble-minded savage, who with civilized and Christian training might have been a blessing to his country. We might give many interesting reminiscences of him, from our personal acquaintance with him in England. We earnestly remonstrated with friends who gave him firearms and ammunition, instead of useful harmless implements. The prudent conduct of Mr. Marsden and the missionaries, saved them from the fury of the contending natives; so that notwithstanding

war and all its horrors continually hovered around them, not one of them was ever injured.

In 1821, the seminary at Parramatta for New Zealanders suspended its operations, as the change of habits and climate was found injurious to the health of the natives. Mr. Marsden had entertained great hopes of raising up, under the Divine blessing, some native teachers to instruct their countrymen. Two of them, Mowhee and Duaterra, were on the point of rendering important services to the mission, when they were brought to an early grave. They accompanied Mr. Marsden on his first voyage to New Zealand. Of Duaterra we have spoken. Mowhee, after having remained a short time in New Zealand, ardently desired to visit England. On his arrival in London, he was placed under the protection of the Rev. Basil Woodd, who instructed him in the principles of the Christian religion, and procured the assistance of masters to furnish him with such information as might prove useful on his return to New Zealand. The poor fellow, however, did not long survive to enjoy the benefit of Mr. Woodd's pious instructions; for, being seized with a malignant putrid fever, he was carried off after a few days, in December, 1816. We have frequently heard Mr. Woodd speak of him as a true Christian; a convert in heart as well as in name and by profession. On his death-bed, when Mr. Woodd asked him what message he should send to Mr. Marsden, he replied, with much animation, "Oh! tell him I am under everlasting obligations to him, for his great kindness to me and my poor countrymen.

Of Mr. Marsden's second visit, one of the settlers thus writes, in September, 1819:

Our dear friend, Mr. Marsden, has been in New Zealand since February, and is now about to return. We have been under alarm for the safety of their valuable man, for some days past; some natives having arrived from the eastward, and stated that he left His Majesty's ship Coromandel in the River Thames, and proceeded many days' journey up the country, and had been killed by the savages. His arrival, overland, at the Bay of Islands, in health, after a circuitous journey of about seven hundred miles, relieved our minds, and gave us additional cause to bless and thank God for his protecting care, and that He had again heard and answered our supplications. There is not one in ten thousand, I think, who could, or would, have borne the privations, difficulties, and dangers, which he has undergone. I pray that he may reap the fruits of his labours, by the New Zealanders turning from the degraded state in which they at present are, to serve the only living and true God.

Mr. Marsden's journal of his second visit is full of interesting

matter:

Sept. 5, 1819. Sunday.-Early this morning arrived King George and Racow, Mowhee's cousin, with their relations; and at the same time, Pomarree, with part of his tribe. I was walking on the beach when they landed, and told them that it was the Sabbath day; and, on that account, we could not do any business with them. They said that they could not stop, as they had brought no provisions. We ordered them what was necessary, and afterwards performed Divine Service in the shed; where the four great men in New Zealand (Shungbee, King George, and Pomarree, with Racow, the young king) attended, and many other natives. All behaved with decorum and we hope the day is not far distant, when they will know the joyful sound of the Gospel, and have the Lord for their God, in the fullest sense.

:

In the evening, we had Divine Service; and, afterwards, the Holy Sacrament was administered in this distant land; the solemnity of which did not fail to excite in our breasts sensations and feelings corresponding with the peculiar situation in which we were placed. We looked back to the period, when this Holy Ordinance was first instituted in Jerusalem, in the presence of our Lord's disciples; and adverted to the peculiar circumstances under which it was now administered, at the

very ends of the earth, where a single ray of Divine Revelation had never, till now, dawned on the inhabitants.

The principal inhabitants of Ranghee-hoo have their sweet-potatoe gardens. We found numbers of them at work, in their respective allotments; some with spades and hoes which they had received from us; others with wooden spades; and such as had neither spade nor hoe, with small spatulas. They were overjoyed to see us, and their universal cry was for spades and hoes. We regretted much that it was not in our power to gratify all their laudable wishes. We saw, with pain, the hard toil which they endured, and the little progress which they made in cultivation with their rude instruments; and were convinced, by ocular demonstration, that the earth can never be subdued, and made to bring forth its increase, to reward the sweat and toil of man, without iron; and that this valuable article is the only thing in the creation that can relieve the temporal miseries of this people. In passing over these potatoe-grounds, we were informed that Shunghee had an extensive allotment, and was then in his garden. We went to visit him; and found him in the midst of his people, who were all at work, preparing the land for planting. Shunghee received us with great kindness. I observed his head wife at work with a spatula; and her little daughter, between four and five years old, stitting on the bed which her mother was digging. Shunghee's wife said that she had called the child “Marsden,” from my being with them at her birth at my first visit. This woman is about thirty-five years old, and is quite blind. She lost her sight from an inflammation in her eyes about three years ago. She appeared to dig the ground as fast as those who had their sight, and as well. She first pulled up the weeds with her hands, as she went on; then set her feet upon them, that she might know where they were; afterwards, she dug up the ground and covered the weeds with the mould, with her hands. I told her, that if she would give me the spatula I would give her a hoe; which offer was accepted with joy.

Their temporal state must be improved by agriculture and the simple arts, in connection with the introduction of Christianity, in order to give permanence and full influence to the Gospel among them. They are. at present, naked and hungry; and if we should say unto them, "Be ye warmed and filled, notwithstanding we give them not those things which are needful to the body, what doth it profit ?" the bowels of Christians would yearn, I am sure over their temporal and spiritual miseries, were it possible to make them known."

His third Visit to New Zealand. Mr. Marsden sailed on a third visit to New Zealand in His Majesty ship Dromedary, Captain Skinner, in February, 1820, and arrived on the 20th of that month. The Dromedary was directed by Government to proceed from New South Wales to the Bay of Islands, and subsequently with the Coror andel to the Thames, to take to England cargoes of timber for trial. A great difficulty occurred in obtaining the assistance of the natives at this period, as they had come to the determination of doing no work except for muskets and powder. This caused Mr. Marsden much uneasiness; and having held a meeting of the settlers, he requested them not, on any account, to supply the natives with these articles. He also explained to all the powerful chiefs that the settlers and Missionaries had gone amongst them to preach the Gospel of Peace, and, therefore, it would be very improper in such individuals to furnish them with the means of destroying each other. In writing to the Missionary Society, he remarks, I think it much more to the honour of religion, and the good of New Zealand, even to give up the mission for the present, than to trade with the natives in those articles." With a view, therefore of rendering the Missionaries independent of the natives, he sent to New Zealand, at different periods, horses and cattle. "A country," he says, "can never get forward without horses and cattle; and no expense should be spared in introducing them into a new colony as soon as possible."

This visit occupied about nine months. Mr. Marsden was in constant intercourse with the natives. His journeys were, in part, taken in company with other Europeans; but for many hundred miles he had