The Formation of Vegetable Mould: Through the Action of Worms, with Observations on Their HabitsD. Appleton, 1896 - 326 pagini |
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Termeni și expresii frecvente
9 inches accumulated acetic acid acid action of worms alimentary canal amount angle animals annelids apex appear basal base Beaulieu Abbey beneath the surface blown brought buried burrows calciferous carbonic acid cent chalk concrete covered depth disintegration doubt dragged drawn earth feet field flints floor formed fragments fresh castings gizzards glands grass ground heavy rain Hensen holes hypocausts inches beneath inches deep inches in thickness inches thick inclined surface intestines Knole Park land large number larvæ layer leaf leaves ledges Leith Hill Place lime Maer Hall manner matter mortar mouths nearly northern room objects observed particles pasture pavement Perrier petioles pharynx places ploughed plugging pots probably rolled Roman villa rubbish sand seen seized side Silchester slope soil square yard Stonehenge stones subsided swallowed tesselated tesseræ thrown tiles tips trench triangles triturated turf upper vegetable mould walls washed weather weight whilst worm-castings
Pasaje populare
Pagina 6 - In the year 1869, Mr. Fish* rejected my conclusions with respect to the part which worms have played in the formation of vegetable mould,merely on account of their assumed incapacity to do so much work. He remarks that " considering their weakness and their •' size, the work they are represented to " have accomplished is stupendous.
Pagina 29 - appeared a little uneasy, and this was probably due to the irritation of their skins. The perception of such unnatural odours timid creatures would almost certainly exhibit some signs of any new impression, we may conclude that they did not perceive these odours. The result was different when cabbageleaves and pieces of onion were employed,
Pagina 164 - We will now show, firstly, what a vast number of worms live unseen by us beneath our feet, and, secondly, the actual weight of the earth which they bring up to the surface within a given space and within a given time. Hensen, who has published so full and interesting an account of the
Pagina 166 - ground were so amazing, that if Mr. Miller " had not seen them, he could not have '•thought it possible for such numbers to " have existed in the space." As further evidence of the large number of worms which live in the ground, Hensen states that he found in a garden sixty-four open burrows in a space of
Pagina 43 - for here animal matter is digested and converted into peptone not within a stomach, but on the surfaces of the leaves. Calciferous Glands.—These glands (see Fig. 1), judging from their size and from their rich supply of blood-vessels, must be of much importance to the animal. But almost
Pagina 25 - attribute to the worm attention and some mental power, nevertheless I can see no reason to doubt the justice of the comparison. Although worms cannot be said to possess the power of vision, their sensitiveness to light enables them to distinguish between day and night ; and they thus escape extreme danger from the many diurnal animals which
Pagina 143 - not strike a single stone with his shoes. To anyone who remembered the appearance of the field in 1842, the transformation was wonderful. This was certainly the work of the worms, for though castings were not frequent for several years, yet some
Pagina 33 - whole of this time leaves of an Artemisia and of the culinary sage, thyme and mint, mingled with the above leaves, were quite neglected excepting those of the mint, which were occasionally and very slightly nibbled. These latter four kinds of leaves do not differ in texture in a manner which could make them disagreeable to worms ; they all
Pagina 17 - on each side of which in the lower part there are three pairs of large glands, which secrete a surprising amount of carbonate of lime. These calciferous glands are highly remarkable, for nothing like them is known in any other animal. Their use will be discussed when we treat of the digestive process. In most cf the species, the œsophagus is enlarged
Pagina 163 - rate of sinking, as could be seen by porous cinders, burnt marl, chalk and quartz pebbles, having all sunk to the same depth within the same time. Considering the Place was sandy soil including many bits of rock, and at