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rations than we have; or in more uncouth and diftant places; and no fuch cafes ever occurred to us; nor, we believe, to any one elfe who did not, either through negligence or choice, invite them. cannot therefore fay much of the usefulness of this performance.

Bat if we are to confider it as an effay in fpeculative mathematics, to exercife the genius.and fhew the ingenuity of its Author, as most mathematical publications are, we are ready to allow it confiderable merit. The method here given is new, fhorter, and more exa&t than any we have feen before, of the like kind; and there is great ingenuity in the thought which fuggelted the table of radii. Art. 32. An Effay on Sir Ifaac Newton's Second Law of Motion. By the Reverend Mr. Ludlam. 8vo. I S. Cadell. 1780. It appears, from a fhort Advertisement prefixed to this Effay, that it was prefented to the Royal Society, but not printed in their Tranfactions why it was not printed does not appear.

Sir Ifaac Newton, in his eighth definition, fays, that "the quan tity of a force is its meafare, proportional to the motion it generates." In his fecond Law of Motion he afferts, that "the change of motion is proportional to the moving force impreffed." This, Mr. Ludlam fays, contains an identical propofition. Our refpect for Mr. Ludlam's abilities, both as a philofopher and a mathematician, is fo great, that we are almoft inclined to fufpe&t our own judgment when it clashes, as it does in this cafe, directly with his opinion. If the truth of Sir Ifaac's fecond law of motion had depended on the definition, Mr. Ludlam would, undoubtedly, have been right; but it does not appear to us, that there is the leaft relation between them. However, admitting that there were, it is not a matter for philofophers and mathematicians to difpute about, as no part of his future reafoning is influenced by it, any more than Euclid's would be if he had inferted amongst his definitions this which follows:

"Magnitudes are equal when each of them is known to be equal to a third of the fame kind."

And for this reafon, Euclid's firft axiom, and Sir Ifaac Newton's fecond law of motion, have their foundations in reafon and obfervation; and therefore are independent of any principles whatsoever which are fubfequent to thofe.

MILITARY.

Art. 33. Elements of Fortification. By Lewis Lochée, Mafter of the Military Academy at Little Chelfea. 8vo. 6 s.

Cadell. 1780.

Boards.

This country has, for a confiderable number of years, been in poffeffion of two valuable treatifes on fortification, written by Mr. Muller for our Account of which, fee Review, Vol. XII. p. 121.

Mr. Lochée hath, as might be expected (for have we not a right to profit by the labours of our predeceffors ?), not a little availed himself of former publications on the fubject; but we do not perceive that he hath greatly improved on what Muller had done before him. Moft of the fubjects treated in this volume, are difcuffed by both writers, with remarkable agreement and conformity of opinion and doctrine. We have not obferved, in the prefent publication, much new matter, except the Author's inftructions with refpect to the colours used in drawing plans and profiles;' and his account of the

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moft remarkable fyftems' which have been propofed by different engineers.

L A W.

Art. 34. A Letter to John Dunning, Efq; Barrister at Law, on the Trial of the Rev. Henry Bate, Clerk, upon the Information of his Grace the Duke of Richmond, for a Libel, &c. By a Student of the Middle Temple. 8vo. I s. 6 d. Bladen. 1780.

Fights the battle over again, cafts many a pointed dart at the Duke of Richmond, and the great lawyer above mentioned; routs the whole profecution army, and afferts, that General Bate, who had been worsted in the action alluded to, ought to have another trial.

MEDICA L.

Art. 35. The Anatomy of the Human Body: By Samuel Foart Simmons, M. D. F. R. S. Member of the College of Phyficians, London, and of the Royal Medical Society, Paris. Vol. I. 8vo. 6 s. Boards. Murray. 1780.

This work has been drawn up by the Author principal'y for the ufe of ftudents; and appears to be executed with accuracy, In the prefent volume he treats only of the ofteology and myology; referving, we apprehend, what relates to the nerves, veffels, vycera, glands, and the common integuments, with their appendages, for fome future publication. He generally confines himself to a concife defcription of the parts, and their ufes, without entering into phyfiological difcuffions, which would have been inconfiftent with his plan, as fuch enquiries would have rendered his work too voluminous.

In treating of the teeth, the Author differs from Mr. Hunter, in believing that the bony part of a tooth has a circulation through its fubftance, and even lymphatics, though we are not able to demonfrate its veffels. He founds this opinion on the following confiderations:-. On the tranfplantation, of a tooth recently drawn, which will, after a certain tine, become fixed, and will preferve its colour: circumstances that indicate a real union of veffels; and which do -not take place with refpect to a tooth that has been long drawn, and which never becomes fixed. Mr. Hunter's principle of life, the Author thinks, may be applicable to zoophites, but not to man, and the more perfect animals.

2. The fangs of a tooth are liable to morbid fwellings, which are analogous to the fwellings of other bones, and indicate a fimilarity of ftructure, efpecially as they are found to be invefted with a periosteum.

3. It is a curious fact, the Author adds, though not generally known, that, in cafes of the phthifis pulmonalis, the teeth become of a milky whitenefs, and io fome degree tranfparent. This circumflance, he thinks, foficiently proves them to have abforbents.

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In the yology, the Author follows Albinus, with refpect to the arrangement, by defcribing the mufcles according to the order in which they are fituated; beginning with the more external, and proceeding to the mucles that are more deeply fituated. He generally adopts the nomenclature of Douglas; fometimes, however, following that of Albinus, or using the jynonyma of Winflow, Cowper, and other.writers.-On the whole, this appears to be a judicious and ule

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ful compilation: as a work of this kind, comprehending the modern improvements in anatomy, has been long wanted in our language. Art. 36. A Defcription of the Apparatus of arbitrarily heated and medicated Water-baths, partial Pumps, vapourous and dry Baths, internal and external, moist and dry Fumigations, oleous, faponaceous, fpirituous and dry Frictions, &c. &c. With Cafes of Cures, &c. &c. By R. Dominiceti, M. D. 8vo. 1 s. Nicol. 1779.. No doubt, we imagine, can be entertained of the efficacy of Dr. Dominiceti's improved baths, in many diseases to which such remedies are adapted: we are therefore concerned to fee them offered to the public in fuch a questionable shape.' Quackery, under its various forms, comes fo frequently before us, that it is impoffible for us not to imbibe the utmoft averfion to it; and where it appears, we are apt to conclude that there is an effential want of merit to fupport-interefted pretenfions. It is certain that the publication before us has all the air of a Charlatan's puff; nor can the right worshipful name of Sir John Fielding (oddly enough ufed on this occafion) fkreen it from critical contempt. And yet, after all, the baths may be serviceable to those who use them under proper advice.

Art. 37. Medical Commentaries, exhibiting a concife View of the latest and most important Discoveries in Medicine and Medical Philofophy. Collected and published by Andrew Duncan, M. D. &c. &c. Part I. for the Year 1780. 8vo. 1 s. 6 d. Dilly.

Dr. Duncan has long been known as the principal conductor of the Medical Commentaries; but he now first appears as the fole compiler of it. The work is, however, ftill continued on the fame plan; and from the general opinion of Dr. Duncan's induftry and judgment, we doubt not that it will still be countenanced by the friends of medical improvement.

MISCELLANEOUS. Art. 38. An Efay fhewing the extreme Ignorance, or Malice prepenfe, of the late Rioters, &c. 4to. 6d. Kearsly.

It is fomewhat extraordinary, that any one would seriously set himfelf to demonftrate what no man in his fenfes could question,the extreme ignorance or malice of the late rioters.

Art. 39. En DANSK og ENGELSK Ord-Bog. Sammenfkrevet af ERNST WOLF. 4to. 12 s. 6 d. fewed. White. 1779.

This Danish and English Dictionary is esteemed, by those who are skilled in the first-mentioned language, to be a valuable publication, The Author is a merchant in London, and is fufficiently mafter of the English for a work of this kind.

Art. 40. The Abbey of Kilkhampton; or, Monumental Records for the Year 1980. Faithfully transcribed from the original Infcriptions, which are ftill perfect, and appear to be drawn up in a Style devoid of fulfome Panegyric, or unmerited Detraction; and com. piled with a View to afcertain, with Precifion, the MANNERS which prevailed in Great Britain during the laft fifty Years of the eighteenth Century. 4to. 3 s. Kearfly. 1780.

In this new fpecies of fatire, or mode of anecdote, &c. the characters of our great people, male and female, are drawn in the form of monumental infcriptions, conceived, chiefly, in the spirit and ftyle of the celebrated epitaph on Colonel Chartres.-Some of the likeneffes

in this motley picture are pretty well hit off; many are caricaturas, and a few are exhibited in a favourable light.

Art. 41. Choix de Livres François, à l'Usage de la Jeune Noblesse, où les Jeunes Gens de Qualité, de l'un et l'autre Sexe, pourront apprendre, à connoître d'eux-memes, et fans Maitres, les meilleurs Livres concernant les trois Genres les plus amufans de la Litérature Françoise, favoir, LES ROMANS, L'HISTOIRE, et LA POESIE. Par Mr. Le Jeune, Maitre des Arts dans l'Univerfité de Paris. 8vo. 6 s. bound. Elmfley. 1780.

The intention of the writer of this work is to enumerate the most eminent French writers of romance, history, and poetry, and to sketch an outline of the character of each.

Thefe sketches are drawn with more vivacity than judgment. In proof of this, we need only inftance in the author's idea of Hume, and of the Abbé Raynal; the former of whom, he afferts, is always impartial, and the latter he speaks of as a puerile and offenfive declaimer against religion, government, and good morals. The book, however, may be of fome ufe, as a catalogue of the principal French writers on the branches of polite literature enumerated in the title. Art. 42. An Heroic Address in Profe, to the Rev. Richard Watfon, D. D. F. R. S. Regius Profeffor of Divinity in the Univerfity of Cambridge, and Archdeacon of Ely, on his late Difcourfe dolivered to the Clergy of the Archdeaconry of Ely, on May 9th and 10th, 1780. Adorned with Notes entertaining and inftructive. By the Author of the Heroic Epistle to the fame Reverend Perfonage. 4to. 2s. 6d. Becket.

Dr. Watson, in his late Difcourfe to the clergy of the archdeaconry of Ely, has sketched out a fcheme for an inftitution to be established at Cambridge, for the exprefs purpofe of tranflating and publishing Oriental manufcripts. It is this fcheme, or part of it at least, which has drawn upon the ingenious and worthy Profeffor the raillery of this Heroic Addrefs. Though we do not estimate the talents of this felfcomplacent Writer fo highly as either he, or the Cambridge undergraduates may, to whom, no doubt, a baited profeffor must be excellent fun; nevertheless we are very ready to own, that he has ftruck out fome ideas that are laughable and humorous; and his quotations, though frequently brought forward with an oftentation that is difguft. ing, are sometimes not ill-applied. With respect, however, to the general merit of the piece, we think it contains nearly as much mifreprefentation as argument, and full as much pertness as wit. Art. 43. A Charge to the Grand Jury of the County of Middlefex, delivered at the General Señion of the Peace, holden at Hicks's Hall, in the faid County, Sept. 11th, 1780. By Sir John Hawkins, Knight, Chairman of the Quarter Seffions, &c. 8vo. 6 d. Brooke.

A judicious and well adapted expofition of the nature, defign, utility, and obligations of Grand Juries.

RELIGIOUS, &c. Art. 44. Methodism and Popery diffected and compared ; and the Doctrines of both proved to be derived from a Pagan Origin. Including an impartial and candid Inquiry into the Writings of St.

*Vid. Art. XII. of this Month's Review.

Paul,

2

1779.

Paul, with Remarks on the Nature and Affinity between Enthufiafm and Superftition. 8vo. 1 s. 6d. Fielding and Walker. There is fome wit and fome good language in this performance; but its profanenefs and impudence are much more abundant than either. The Author is one of thole teazing flies that (as Dr. Warburton obferves, in his blunt way) are eternally pefiering fome fore place. We would add, that thefe impertinent and spiteful animals generally make the place fore, and then aggravate the mifchief their own venom hath occafioned.

This Writer hath the effrontery, or folly (we know not which to call it" for it seems either"), to dedicate this piece of hacknied infidelity to Dr. Hinchcliffe, the bishop of Peterborough, and to implore his patronage, because no man on earth (fays he) is a better judge than your Lordship, whether my pofition" That the famous apostle's writings were the caule of the differences which have happened among Chriftians," be founded in fact or not.'-' My pohtion!And what if it be proved ?--We have lately told a doughty Deift, who ftudies fcripture at the inns of court,' that we ought not, in reafon or gratitude, to quarrel with the SUN, becaufe (as Hamlet fays, he breeds maggots in a dead dog.' If the unlearned and the unstable wrest the writings of St. Paul, as they do all the other feriptures, to their own deftruction, mut those who are difpofed to make a furer and better use of them be deprived of their benefit ?————But to argue with a wordy declaimer, would be offering an infult to the dignity of reafon.

A

This writer's ftory of De Whim (or mad Jack Calvin,' as he elfewhere calls him) is a poor, withered flip of wit, grafted on Dean Swift's original flock.

His obfervations on the pagan origin of methodifm and popery, are trite and fuperficial. They have indeed fome appearance of fmartnefs and vivacity; but they difcover little judgment, and lefs learning.

The Writer hath attempted (and not very unfuccefsfully) to delineate the characters of Whitefield and Wefley; but he makes an egregious miftake, where he fuppofes that the former, and not the latter, was the father of methodifm. John Welley had this honour (if honour it might be called), and having been joined by his brother Charles, the late Mr. James Hervey, a Mr. Clayton, and a Mr. Ingham, he inflituted a kind of religious fociety at Oxford, on the most rigid plan of devotion. The members of this fociety were denominated Methodists, from the regularity they obferved in conforming to the orders of the church, and the difcipline of their own inftitution : and it was in confequence of the character they maintained for ftrictnefs and fanctity of behaviour, that Mr. Whitefield, who laboured under a religious melancholy, conceived a strong defire to become one of their number. He communicated his inclination to Mr. John Wifley, and was admitted a member.

This Author might have diverted himself as much as he pleafed with De Whim, and all the children of De Whim's family; but in making merry with St. Paul, he fhewed but his impotence and his malice To fuch writers we will only fay Go-go along, poor devils! the world is wide enough:don't taint the facrifices of the altar.

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