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fied remonstrance to her unjustifiable encroachments, the solemn appeal was made to Heaven,- the sword was drawn, and the once inseparable tie of connection between the two countries severed in twain. The mighty blow resounded through the universe. The nations of the earth were astonished, dumb with surprise, or trembling with apprehension. The deep-rooted thrones of aged monarchies were shaken to their centres. The Bastiles of tyranny, riven by the shock, reluctantly admitted the rays of hope to gladden the desponding hearts of their wretched tenants, and opened to their view a distant prospect of scenes illumined with Liberty's full and perfect day."

John Lathrop was born in Boston, January, 1772. His father was pastor of the New Brick Church, of which Cotton Mather had been the minister. Owing to differences in the church, which originated the New North Church, when Rev. Peter Thacher was its first pastor, the New Brick Society elevated the figure of a cock, as a vane, upon the steeple, out of derision to Mr. Thacher, whose Christian name was Peter, says Eliot, and, taking advantage of a north wind, which turned the head of the cock towards the New North Church, when it was placed upon the spindle, a merry fellow sat astride over it, and crowed three times, to complete the ceremony. Rev. Dr. Lathrop was a fervent patriot; and, on the Sunday after the massacre in King-street, delivered a sermon, which was printed, entitled "Innocent Blood Crying to God from the Streets of Boston." The subject of this outline pursued the study of law under Christopher Gore, but he was soon known more as a poet than a lawyer, as his poetry appeared in the journals. In 1797, after the delivery of the oration at the head of this article, he removed to Dedham, and became clerk of Norfolk courts, but soon returned to Boston, where he became an intimate with Paine and Prentiss, the poets.

In 1799 he made a voyage to Calcutta, where he hoped the patronage of the Marquis of Wellesley. In the ardor of his zeal for instructing the rising generation of Calcutta, Mr. Lathrop presented to the Marquis of Wellesley, then governor-general, a plan of an institution at which the youths of India might receive an education, patronized by government, without going to England for that purpose. In an interview with his lordship, Mr. Lathrop urged with great eloquence the advantages of such a plan; but his lordship decidedly opposed him, remarking, with vehemence, "No, no, sir; India is, and ever ought to be, a colony of Great Britain; the seeds of independence

must not be sown here. Establishing a seminary in New England at so early a period of time hastened your revolution half a century." He established a school for the instruction of youth, and became a writer for the Calcutta Post; and, after a ten years' residence, returned to his country. His first wife was daughter of Joseph Peirce, Esq., whom he married in 1793; and he married a second time,- Miss Bell, of Calcutta. His work on the manners and customs of India was never published. On his return to Boston, he taught a school, delivered lectures on natural philosophy, published songs and orations, and contributed to the public journals. He published a school-book on the use of globes. He soon removed to Washington, where, and at Georgetown in the vicinity, he practised as an instructor, lecturer, and writer in the newspapers. He obtained a situation in the post-office, and died Jan. 30, 1820, a victim of sensibility, and a son of frailties and misfortune.

Lathrop's best poem was the "Speech of Canonicus." In 1813 he delivered the first anniversary discourse for the Associate Instructors of Youth in Boston; in 1798, an oration for 4th of July, at Dedham; a Masonic address at Charlestown, in 1811, and a Monody on John L. Abbot, in 1815. When he graduated at college, in 1789, he delivered a poem on the Influence of Civil Institutions on the Social and Moral Faculties. Lathrop once closed an ode as follows:

"Ye sainted spirits of the just,

Departed friends, we raise our eyes
From humbler scenes of mouldering dust,
To brighter mansions in the skies, —
Where Faith and Hope, their trials past,

Shall smile in endless joy secure,

And Charity's blest reign shall last

While heaven's eternal courts endure."

JOHN CALLENDER.

JULY 4, 1797. FOR THE TOWN AUTHORITIES.

JOHN CALLENDER was born at Boston, Feb. 4, 1772, and son of Capt. Eleazar Callender, who married Elizabeth, sister of Gov. Gore,

Nov. 23, 1768. He entered the Latin School in 1779, and graduated at Harvard College in 1790. His topic at commencement was an oration, in French, on the revolution in France. He was an attorneyat-law, and married Catharine Templeman, of Georgetown, Md., Nov. 23, 1794; was lieutenant of the Boston Light Infantry, on its institution, in 1798; was a representative in the State Legislature, secretary of Massachusetts Society of Cincinnati, and clerk of the Supreme Judicial Court. He died in, Boston, Nov. 21, 1833.

In the oration of Mr. Callender it is remarked "that our Revolution was so little disgraced by cruelty and injustice, much is due to the exertions of our clergy; and it is with pride I here offer my humble tribute of applause to that devout and learned profession. The holy precepts of our religion which they inculcated, and the bright examples of virtue which they exhibited, gave them a great and merited influence with the people. To their eternal honor be it recorded, that influence, exerted on the side of liberty and humanity, in a great measure restrained those wild excesses which have too frequently blasted in the execution a cause designed by the noblest motives of the human mind.”

JOSIAH QUINCY.

JULY 4, 1798. FOR THE TOWN AUTHORITIES.

OUR orator remarks, with nervous vigor: "The factious spirits whose intrigues have produced such losses and distress to the United States, and forced our federated stars from the pathway of peace and heaven, are servile copyists of those ancient enemies of colonial independence. They have neither the claim of originals, the merit of ingenuity, or the charm of novelty. It is not a mere general resemblance; it is the old piece in a new position, the same in character and attitude, in expression and passion, in drapery and design. The tories and royalists of old time, compared with the true friends of America, were a small and weak party, unable to acquire the confidence of the people. Ambition which cannot be gratified by honorable means has a sure resource in intrigue. Their invitations stimulated and encouraged aggression. They marked out the plan for our enemies.

Divide and conquer. Insert your influence amid the parties of the State. Corrupt the avaricious, frighten the weak, vilify virtue, turn talents to ridicule, weaken the obligations of morality, destroy the influence of religion, make men worthy to be slaves, and they will sue for fetters. How minutely the opponents of the will of the people have adhered to these principles in our day, is too obvious to remark. We shall find the likeness not less striking, if, keeping our own times in view, we call to recollection the arts by which the tories and royalists formerly played this eternal game of tyranny. To encourage and unite the inhabitants of the Old World, they everywhere proclaimed us a divided people: that, embarked in a common cause, we refused to bear our share of expense; that, reared under their wing, in our strength, we were unmindful of our patrons. In America different changes were rung. They attempted to set at variance the southern and northern colonies; to make the orders of State contend; to render the poor suspicious of the rich,— the rich fearful of the poor. They told the people of fleets and armies; of the power of the adversary, and their weakness. The arms and victories of a nation, then styled terrible to her enemies and generous to her friends, were painted in colors best suited to alarm. The sin, the crying sin, of ingratitude to a nation who had fought our battles, the bones of whose warriors were mingled in the same plains with ours, was blazoned in terms designed to make us odious and contemptible at home and abroad. Every man of talent and virtue was designated as an object of the most atrocious slander. Our clergy, God ever preserve to them the glorious prerogative! calumniated by the enemies of their country. Our patriots, loaded with every insult which abandoned minds could invent: -Otis, the spirited and elegant statesman; Mayhew, the man of wit, learning, and piety; Adams, the equal pride of past and present times."

Josiah Quincy was the son of Josiah Quincy, Jr., and Abigail Phillips, who were married October, 1769. The memory of his father will be ever dear in the records of patriotism, for his dignified defence of the British soldiers, and his manly arguments on the Boston Port Bill. Previous to his death, which occurred April 26, 1775, just as he reached within sight of Cape Ann, in his beloved country, when on his return from a visit to London for his health, Mr. Quincy says, in his will, "I give to my son, when he shall arrive to the age of fifteen years, Algernon Sidney's works, John Locke's works, Lord Bacon's works, Gordon's Tacitus, and Cato's Letters. May the spirit of liberty

rest upon him!" This only son, Josiah, was born at Boston, Feb. 4, 1772, on the Callender estate, now 166 Washington-street, then Marlboro'-street; and, by the Old South records, he was baptized Feb. 16, 1772. It is said that his father was the first Boston lawyer who put up a sign-board over his office-door. Many of his nearest connections were dispersed by the siege of Boston. His mother had been detained in the town by the dangerous illness of both their children. His only sister died April 13, 1775. After this event, his mother, with her only surviving child, sought the protection of her parents, at their place of refuge at Norwich, in Connecticut. Young Josiah was prepared for college at Phillips' Academy, in Andover, an institution established by a relative in 1778. He graduated at Harvard College in 1790, when he gave an English oration on the Ideal Superiority of the Present Age in Literature and Politics; engaged in legal studies under Hon. Judge Tudor; was early admitted to the bar, and married Eliza Susan, daughter of John Morton, Esq., merchant and banker, of New York, June, 1797. He delivered the Phi Beta Kappa oration at Cambridge, in 1794. In 1796 Mr. Quincy became a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and was its treasurer from 1803 to 1820. He was president of the Boston Athenæum from 1820 to 1830, and author of its History and Biography of its Founders, published in 1851. Mr. Quincy was in 1804 elected to the State Senate; a representative in Congress from the year 1805 to 1813, and consequently present at the creation of commercial restrictions, embargo, and war. Naturally impetuous from his earliest youth, indiscretion often marked his career; but his ingenuous heart always guided him to retract his rashness. He was ever fearless, and of fervent eloquence. His speeches are among the best specimens of the spirit of the times. His admirable minority address in Congress is imperishable. As an indication of the playful wit of Mr. Quincy, we find in the diary of his pastor, Rev. Joseph S. Buckminster, this record under date September, 1805: "President Nott preached in Brattle-street Church; the fullest audience ever known there, except on ordination-day. Epigram made on by Josiah Quincy.

'Delight and instruction have people, I wot,

Who in seeing not see, and in hearing hear not.'"'

Mr. Quincy was major of the Boston Hussars, on its institution, in 1810, and continued its commander until 1816. It was the most superb troop of horse ever known in the town.

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