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head and cross-bones held out in terrorem against all who might attempt to withstand its political projects.Yet again to the vast English foreign colonies the same spirit had now the opportunity of speeding forth in power; to India, Australia, New Zealand, the Cape, Canada, Newfoundland : '—every where Romish bishops and priests, salaried by Government, though with instructions from the Pope, on their settlement organizing the Romish interests; seizing if possible on the education, influencing newspapers, and, in case of popular institutions, agitating for political power, in conjunction (witness the late histories of Canada and of Newfoundland) with the democratic, perhaps too the anti-English3 element. Such has been our own experience of the actings and energy of this unclean spirit during the last ten

years.

Nor has France less prominently in her sphere helped forward the unclean spirit from the Papal Antichrist :

1 In the Catholic Directory for 1843 I see a startling list of "Catholic Bishops and Vicars Apostolic," in the British colonies and possessions. The sees or locations enumerated are, Australia and Van Diemen's land, Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, North India, the Western Oceanica and Cape of Good Hope, the two Canadas, Hudson's Bay, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Jamaica, Trinidad, Guiana, Gibraltar, Malta, Zante.

2 In a late paper, for example, I see a notice from the Univers, French journal, of M. Polding, Archbishop of Sydney, in Australia, visiting the Pope before departure from Rome, and receiving his final instructions. It is added that four Italian missionaries go with M. Polding, to be followed by several others of the same order of the passion.

3 In Governor Fitzroy's despatch for New Zealand, printed by order of the House of Commons, and dated Sept. 16, 1844, there occurs the following notice respecting certain disturbances there, broken however by asterisks. "The late disturbances at the Bay of Islands were caused chiefly by exciting the natives to resist British authority. I should be sorry indeed to find that any of the Roman Catholic missionaries have contributed to excite such a feeling. They have circulated small books in the native language, printed at their own press, the contents of which are considered to be very objectionable: and though confined, it may be said, to religious questions, there are passages which in my opinion have a direct tendency to cause a bad feeling to the English generally." Sattler's Ethica Christiana, a large work, " containing almost a caricature of the sort of morals and casuistry usually called Jesuitical, being a favorite text-book in many places of ecclesiastical education in the South of Germany." I quote this from the Edinburgh Review for October 1845, p. 343: where it occurs in the abstract from Feuerbach of the very remarkable case of Priest Riembauer, accused of and condemned for murder. So that the Romanist priesthood in Southern Germany have their counterpart to the Dens and Delahogue of the Irish Priesthood.-Let those who would see the natural working of such a system in the Priesthood, its searing of the conscience, and training it to strong delusion, read that awful but most instructive narrative..

at home admitting indeed conjointly more of the counter-element of infidelity resisting and opposing;' but abroad helping the cause heartily even more than England: the English Government under the Reform Bill having only forwarded its interests in conjunction, and on the same footing, with those of the Protestant Church and Protestant Sects of this kingdom; but France furthering them distinctively and alone. I refer not so much to what it has done in more distant parts of the world; as, for example, in its Indian factories, in China, in the Sandwich Islands, and just lately in the Marquesas; sending out Romish missionaries, and establishing and forcibly protecting Romish missions : -but more especially to the manner in which it has supported the Papal interest, and professed itself its pro

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1 Michelet, in his late work, "Des Jesuites," thus applies the Apocalyptic figure of the first Seal to the corrupt workings of the revived Jesuit system in France. "If God mean to strike us again, I pray that it may be with the sword. The wounds of the sword are frank and clean, which bleed but heal. But what can a nation do with disgraceful concealed sores, which grow old, and gain upon the system daily? From such corruption the worst to fear is the spirit of police in religion, of pious intrigue, the spirit of the Jesuits. Rather may God lay upon us ten times all forms of tyranny political and military, than suffer such a tyranny to pollute beloved France. A tyranny has this at least of good in it, that it often rouses the national sentiment: and they break it, or it breaks itself. But if this sentiment be extinguished, if the gangrene gets into our flesh and bones, how then will you get rid of it? Now an outward tyranny contents itself with the outward man, the actions. But the police attacks the thoughts. The habits of thought become gradually changed under it, and the soul is injured in its depths."

2 On which compare Buonaparte's Institution for Romish Missions under French protection, noticed in the Note 2 p. 364, Vol. iii.

3 Thus I read in some of the late papers (Evening Mail, Jan. 9, 1843) that eight clergy from the Seminary of Foreign Missions, (the Parisian Seminary, I presume, of which more in the Note p. 44) had arrived at Bourdeaux, to sail by a French merchantman for India, en route to China.

The King's Speech states that the Marquesas islands were to be fully garrisoned by the French; and, the papers add, with a sufficient number of Romish priests accompanying, for the conversion of those groups of islands.

5 The Appendix to the Report of the American Board of Missions for 1841 gives account of the Sandwich Islands' affair. Some Roman Catholic priests had been banished from them. In July 1839 Captain Laplace arrived in a French frigate, to demand satisfaction on the part of his Government; threatening hostilities unless the king consented to a treaty, guaranteeing the freedom of Catholic worship to natives as well as foreigners, and assigning a piece of land at Honolulu for the erection of a chapel. The king was compelled to make the treaty, and to give Capt. Laplace a deposit of 25,000 dollars, to be retained until the satisfactory fulfilment of the treaty.

Since this was first written, the history of Tahiti, and of the French Protectorate, with its Roman Catholic missionaries, has become too notorious. [2nd Ed.

tectress, in the countries nearer home bordering on the Mediterranean. Alike in Algeria, now a new Papal Episcopate,' and Abyssinia, in Syria and in Egypt, indeed throughout the territories of the Turkish empire generally, the unclean spirit from the mouth of the Beast has, under these auspices, made its voice to be heard with long unwonted power.2 The French flag waves over the Roman Catholic churches and convents of Syria. Democratic France boasts to be the protectress of Catholicism.

It does not need that I speak of the activity and progress of Popery in other countries, during this same period. Suffice it to say that other European Roman Catholic States have not been wanting in giving their support and aid to the movement; and that the United

1 Late accounts relate the journey of the French Bishop of Algiers to Pavia for a bone of St. Augustin; the verification of the precious relic in the presence of a Papal envoy; its reception on his return at Toulon by the troops under arms; and conveyance with the Bishop to Algeria, there to be deposited in a church building, or to be built, at Hippo.

2 "During the last two years," writes Dr Crawford, "the Church of Rome has been continually sending missionaries of both sexes, and adapted to all classes of society, into Syria, Egypt, Persia, Abyssinia, and every accessible district of Asia. A society of Jesuits from France purchased a few years ago a house and premises near Beyrout, to found a college for the general education of the natives of Syria; and it was lately announced that they had already above 120 pupils, and that their college was daily increasing. The Univers of February 1842 contained the following announcement. 'Alexandria, as well as Constantinople and Smyrna, is about to possess establishments of Lazarists and Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul, from France. The French Government has purchased from Mehemet Ali an extensive piece of ground, for the purpose of erecting a building in which the Lazarists and Sisters of Charity may give instruction to the youth of both sexes.'

3 This was officially stated by M. Guizot, in a late Debate on the Address in the French Chamber of Deputies: in reply to M. David and others; who had charged the French Ministry with the abandonment of the Protectorate of the Catholic subjects of the Porte, assigned to France by the concessions of various Sultans, some of a remote age.

As I revise my Work for the 2nd Edition, I have forced on my notice the restoration of the unsold property of the Romish Church under Narvaez and the Queen Mother in Spain; and the case of Dr. Kalley, as considered and decided on in the Portuguese Courts at Madeira and Lisbon, showing that intolerance of Protestantism, if preaching or speaking openly, is still regarded and acted on as a law of Portugal.-Moreover, as regards Austria, I see in the Record of April 25, 1844, an extract from the Gazette des Tribunaux, announcing that the Emperor of Austria has published an ordinance interdicting, under the severest penalties of fine and imprisonment, any Austrian Catholic subject from embracing Protestantism, without having previously obtained express permission from the Government; which permission will not be granted, except in serious circumstances, and until the competent authorities shall have admitted the necessity for such a change. The banishment of the Zillerthal Protestants from Austria dates a little earlier.

States of North America may be mentioned as very prominently one of the foreign local scenes on which it has been exhibited.'-Let me only further add, that, to mar the work of evangelic Protestant missions, and stop the progress of the everlasting Gospel, has been proved in every case one primary object of this spirit from the Beast's mouth issuing forth. And, on the whole, such has been its support,-funds to the amount of near £1,000,000 sterling a-year being now, it is said,3 the

1 Bishop Macilvaine, when in this country four or five years since, gave some interesting information on this point; mentioning, among other illustrative facts, and as from personal knowledge, the circumstances of 30,000 dollars having been lodged in one of the States' banks, (a sum furnished, he believed, principally by the Austrian Propaganda,) for the purpose of assisting the building of Romish Churches there, and otherwise promoting the Papal interests.-Since then the political influence of Popery in the States has greatly increased; almost uniformly, I believe, in alliance with the extreme democracy.

Mr. Bickersteth, in a Note to p. 19 of his Protestant Association Sermon, illustrates the same fact from an account, given him by the Rev. H. Caswell, of the Jesuit Establishment at St. Louis, the capital of Missouri, on the Mississippi in the far West. This cathedral, which cost 80,000 dollars, is crowded to excess, Mr. C. states, every Sunday six times during the day; both Matins and Vespers being performed to three different congregations, German, French, and English. The University is greatly in advance of the Protestant Kemper College; one of the Jesuits attached almost constantly traversing Papal Europe to obtain donations and, he adds that, out of 30,000 in St. Louis, 14,000 are Papists.

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2 There is scarce a Protestant evangelic Mission, I believe, which has not felt this. The Sandwich Mission is but one example among many. Australia, New Zealand, India, North America, Newfoundland, have all experienced it. In Abyssinia the Jesuits succeeded in expelling for a while the Church Missionary Society's missionaries. In Alexandria and Syria they were, as above mentioned, seeking to supersede the Protestant missionary's work: and, once more, with reference to the Anglo-Prussian bishopric at Jerusalem, the French and Russians jointly, the one as protectress to the Romish religion, the other to the Greek, -prevented the Porte from agreeing to its establishment, except on condition of the Bishop confining himself to the care of those over whom the other churches of the East cannot rightly claim jurisdiction. Indeed Sir R. Peel, Feb. 28, 1843, stated that the Porte had formerly sanctioned neither our bishop nor our church building there. See the Letter of Viator, Record, No. 1579.

Since this was written the British Ambassador at Constantinople is said to have succeeded in obtaining the Firman required. [2nd Ed.]

3 So Viator ibid. "Provided with one million sterling annually for the propagation of the Romish faith, and assisted with the political influence of all the Roman Catholic countries of Europe, especially of France," &c. In this, Viator subsequently states, (see Record, No. 1585) that he includes the surplus revenue derived to the Pope from both the taxes and ecclesiastical lands of the Papal States, (applicable, and in great measure applied to Propaganda objects,) as well as the proceeds of the Propaganda Societies, now immensely increased through the efforts of the Jesuits. In his statement of £1,000,000 being the annual sum applied, he was guided, he says, by the opinion of a person who, during a long residence at Rome, had the best possible opportunity of obtaining accurate information on such subjects: adding, however, that there are no well authenticated documents from which to learn the income; those published by the Papal Government being notoriously untrustworthy.

Papal revenue in aid of Propaganda objects,-and such in different foreign countries its prospects of success,1that both at Rome and elsewhere the expectation has been avowed, and with almost the sanguine hopes of the olden and palmy days of Popery, that the prophecies of the latter day are about being fulfilled in its favour; when all nations shall submit to the Pope, all people do him homage, from the river even to the world's end.

Mr. Bickersteth thus estimates the revenue, and speaks of the formation of one Propaganda Association. "In 1822 the Society for the Propagation of the Faith was formed to counteract Protestant missions. It has adopted our plans. It raised in 1841 £110,000, and has stated its expectation of raising its income to £600,000. Ibid. p. 12.

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He means that of Paris and Lyons (with an English Branch formed in 1838) which was in 1822 established, or rather I presume re-established, after temporary suspension during the French revolutionary wars. (See the Note Vol. iii. p. 364, a little while since referred to.) The reader is doubtless aware that the great Roman Association, or rather Congregation De Propagandâ Fide, dates its formation about two centuries back. It was founded in 1622, and richly endowed by Gregory XVI, its Committee (or Congregation) of management being thirteen cardinals, two priests, one monk, and a secretary; its object the propagation and maintenance of the Romish religion in all parts of the world. Its riches and possessions were prodigiously augmented by the munificence of Urban VIII., a little after, and the liberality of an incredible number of donors: so as that its funds," says Mosheim, speaking of its state a little before the French Revolution, (Cent. xvii. § 1,) are at this day adequate to the most expensive and magnificent undertakings." A College, or Seminary for the Propagation of the Faith, was attached and subordinated in 1627 and 1641 by Popes Urban VIII and Gregory XV, its object being the instruction and education of those who are designed for the foreign missions. Moreover in the same century several institutions of the same nature and object were founded in France; as, by royal authority, the Congregation of Priests of Foreign Missions, and by an association of bishops and other ecclesiastics, the Parisian Seminary for Foreign Missions; the latter like that at Rome, designed for the education of intended missionaries. "From hence," says Mosheim, "apostolical vicars are still sent to Siam, Tonquin, Cochin China, Persia," &c: adding, that altogether the congregations and colleges of Rome and France conjointly, sent forth legions of missionaries in the 17th century, so as to cover almost the face of the globe."

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Naples appears as an assistant in the Romish Propagandist proceedings. A letter from Naples, of the date of Jan, 12, 1843, states that there had just set out thence ten priests of the Foreign Missionary Society: two to be Directors of the General Missionary College at Penang, two to Cochin China, one to Siam, one to Macao to join the Chinese Mission.

In regard to China, a country just now of peculiar interest, the Univers (of Paris) states, Feb. 12, 1843, that news had come to Rome ("the Eternal City") from its missionaries in China, to the effect that the Emperor had accorded them full toleration and liberty, and had expressed a wish for more Romish missionaries: whereupon forty religious had been selected for the mission, (besides others previously sent and an Apostolic Vicar :)—it being regarded at Rome as an indication of the Emperor, and so his empire, embracing the Catholic faith.-The miracle of an apparition of Christ crucified was also, according to the Gazette du Simplon, reported by the Chinese missionaries.

Since the above was written, the Chinese Emperor has formally repealed the law against Christianity. [2nd. Ed.]

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