either with or without compensation. Such experience will enable students to obtain positions more readily when they graduate. Practical training is, I believe, essential for the students in an undergraduate school. Close and numerous contacts with business firms must therefore be made. A member of the Staff will give a considerable part of his time to this problem during the coming academic year. Personal visits in New York and vicinity and correspondence with business houses at a distance will be employed to establish these important contacts. We hope that in this way the School may not only train its students but will render service to the employer through furnishing satisfactory candidates for vacant positions.

Our further purpose is to enable the School to carry on research projects in the sphere of business in a more systematic way. Much attention has recently been given to the "problem method" of instruction in schools of business. I believe that the study and consideration of the efficacy of this method has been of great value in improving instruction in business. The natural tendency as along the line of least resistance is toward the text-book and lecture method. This leads to the most arid kind of teaching, especially when it is difficult to combine practical and theoretical training. In our new building we shall have a greater opportunity for laboratory methods and full test must be made of the problem or case system. In certain subjects. this method may be employed to the greatest advantage.

In our graduate work we must not forget the existence of the School of Political Science which is devoted to historical and theoretical investigation and study. Hence it falls to the School of Business to turn its graduate work toward actual business investigations. This must be the research of which we have so often spoken. The large expense involved causes hesitation in entering upon elaborate research work on the part of the School and the individual. Two items of expense must be recognized at once: first, that which is involved in provision for suitable clerical assistance; and again in supplying funds for the payment of salaries for instructors who may relieve members of the Staff from class work when

they are engaged upon some important investigation. The School of Business should have at its command at least one million dollars so that this research work may be properly maintained, and this must be the next object of our endeavor. Nevertheless, we should not hesitate to enter upon our research work as far as is possible using whatever means we have at hand. It is our purpose to set aside one of our clerical assistants whose special duty shall be to aid any member of the Staff who is engaged on some special investigation. Research should not become an excuse for laziness, nor should it cause us to depreciate regular hours of undergraduate instruction. It should not be regarded as an end in itself but rather as a means of giving vitality to instruction, and training in method for the study and investigation of business. problems.

Although the School is not divided into Departments, naturally the instructing force is grouped according to certain important subjects. Thus for Economics, we have one Professor and one Assistant Professor; for Accounting we have two Professors and three Instructors; for Banking one Professor and two Assistant Professors; for Business Administration one Professor and two Instructors; for Economic Geography one Professor, one Assistant Professor and two Lecturers; for Finance we have one Associate Professor and one Assistant Professor; for Transportation one Professor; for Agriculture and Agricultural Economics, one Professor; for Insurance, one Associate Professor; for Foreign Trade, one Assistant Professor; for Statistics, one Associate Professor and one Instructor; for Marketing, one Lecturer. The Assistant Professor of Finance cares for Business Law.

As we glance over this enumeration and consider the immediate needs of the School as far as the instructing force is concerned, it is a simple matter to see where there is serious weakness. In the first place, we should have a Professor of Foreign Trade who would give this subject the importance it deserves in the School. Cooperation with the foreign trade interests of New York City is the plain duty of a School located in the metropolis. The field of Marketing is deserving of greater consideration than is now afforded, as it touches business

training on so many sides. In Business Law we shall cooperate closely with the School of Law so that our students may be trained in this subject on the high plane of other subjects of that School, and yet in a manner appropriate to those who intend to enter business as distinct from law. Finally we must add to our Staff a scholar who can direct the research work of which we have been speaking. Such an officer should make a special study of the problems useful in instruction, should arrange for the development of research by aiding and guiding graduate students and in general in cooperating with members of the Staff who may be engaged upon their own particular investigations.

At this important epoch in the history of the School, it behooves us to remember our indebtedness to the other Schools of the University. We rely upon Columbia College for the students who desire to enter the School of Business on completing their Sophomore year. In our graduate work we are closely associated with the School of Political Science. It is our hope also that our School may prove of value to other companion Schools. We look with satisfaction upon the record of 660 students who, although not members of the School of Business, are taught in its classes. This is not an individualistic School, for we glory in our membership in the University. Hereby we reap the great advantage which comes from such association. It is difficult for us to understand a university which does not thus find, in the association and intimacy of its schools, economy of effort and means.

We have been speaking of the School of Business as an educational institution and this, of course, is its primary function. Nevertheless we should be neglectful of a very important. field of our endeavor were we to stop at this point. The School of Business should have a great influence on the community, particularly the business world in which it finds its home. The new building should become the center of the business interests of the city in the highest professional sense. To this building, its equipment, its libraries, the scholarly man of business should naturally turn for help in the solution of his problems. Here will be the specialists in banking, in finance, in statistics, in marketing, in foreign trade, whom those in practical

business may desire to meet and consult. The School is now closely associated with the Chamber of Commerce, which appoints an Advisory Committee to consider the interests of the School. We hope to come in closer contact with other business organizations such as the Merchants' Association and associations in special fields. We also owe an obligation to aid wherever possible in the business of the City and of the State.

Members of our Staff have taken part in the efforts of the Russell Sage Foundation in the improvement of the City of New York. In like manner our School should be of assistance to the Port Authority. Our Professor of Economic Agriculture has interested himself in the marketing problems of New York and our graduate students have cooperated in providing important papers on this subject, which affects so vitally the people of New York City.

Finally, Mr. President, we are hopeful that we shall be able to help the individual student much more fully than hitherto as we now have our own home. In a great university there is always danger that the individual student should be submerged and forgotten in the great body of students who throng its halls. A large university, like a great city, may be a most lonely place. Nevertheless this difficulty has been met in the separate Schools. It is our purpose to form and strengthen ties of regard and affection between the student and the School of his choice. Our new building will certainly claim admiration, and as time goes on will be more and more the home of the student in business. With such purposes and expectations we enter this building so generously provided for our welfare.

May I add that we are fully aware of the fact that we owe to you, Mr. President, a great debt of gratitude for your ready appreciation of our needs and for your persistent endeavor, now crowned with success, to obtain for the University a suitable building for its School of Business.

Respectfully submitted,

JAMES C. EGbert,

June 30, 1924

Director

SCHOOL OF DENTAL AND ORAL SURGERY

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR

FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1924

To the President of the University

SIR:

I have the honor of presenting the report of the work of the School of Dental and Oral Surgery for the academic year ending June 30th, 1924.

About the first of January, 1923, there were rumors that the New York College of Dentistry, founded in 1860, and the College of Dental and Oral Surgery, founded in 1905, both proprietary schools, were seeking university affiliations. Furthermore, it was reported that any such affiliation must be effected on or before the first of July following to avoid a Class C rating by the Educational Council of America, with a concurrence in this rating by the Carnegie Foundation in their report on dental education to be published at an early date. Such rating would debar students of these schools from taking the licensing examinations in practically every state except New York, and the schools themselves would be compelled to close on or before January 1, 1926. The two year pre-professional college requirement for all students in New York state becomes effective on and after that date.

On investigation by a member of our Administrative Board these conditions were found to be practically correct, and, in the best interests of dental education and considering the large civic obligations involved in the possible discontinuance of these clinics, it was felt that one of these schools, at least, should be fostered by Columbia.

The Administrative Board realized fully that it would be impossible to bring about such an affiliation without temporarily lowering our educational standard and involving the University in some unpleasant complications. After due