las Españas, with the School of Law and with certain departments: Chinese, Geology, Romance Languages, Slavonic Languages, Economics, English, Germanic Languages, History, Indo-Iranian Languages, Music, Physics, Zoology. Meetings were held commemorative of the life and work of Pascal and of Renan. In music Bach's Christmas Oratorio was given by the Columbia University Chorus in Carnegie Hall and a recital of choral music by the Sunday Choir and the University Chorus in St. Paul's Chapel. Many distinguished representatives of European universities delivered addresses before the Institute.

During the past eleven years the Institute has held practically all its large meetings in the Horace Mann Auditorium. and the use of this auditorium has made it possible to offer the extensive programs which have been given. In the coming year we shall use the theatre in the new School of Business building. This will accommodate about thirty per cent. more than Horace Mann Auditorium, and since it is provided with a stage of ample proportions we shall not only be able to increase our membership but offer exercises which could not be given hitherto. This past year has included the inauguration of several short courses of lectures of nine sessions each: e. g., 'Significant Current Books', by Professor Richard Burton; 'Our Personality', by Charles I. Lambert, M. D.; 'Contemporary Drama and Dramatists', by Mr. Clayton Hamilton. These were conducted as the Lecture Division of the Institute and separate subscriptions were required. There was a total enrolment of 514 persons in these courses. Another achievement of the past year, which indicates the special function of University Extension in extending the work of the University and building up an important feature of its service, is the series of courses for qualified graduates in medicine. These were given cooperatively by the School of Medicine and University Extension, the latter furnishing the administrative machinery and caring for the financial details. The list of courses is impressive: Diseases of Children at Mount Sinai Hospital, General Surgery under the auspices of the Second Surgical Division of the New York Hospital, Laryn

gology and Otology and Diseases of Children at Bellevue, Presbyterian, St. Luke's and Willard Parker Hospitals, neurological and psychiatric clinical courses and Internal Medicine at the Presbyterian Hospital, General Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Dermatology and Syphilology, the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus at St. Luke's Hospital and at the School of Medicine. Short lecture courses on neurology were given by distinguished foreign scholars, Dr. Alfons Jakob of the University of Hamburg, Dr. C. W. Ariëns Kappers, Central Brain Institute, Amsterdam, Holland, and Professor G. V. Anrep, University College, London. These courses and lectures are noteworthy in the opportunity offered to graduates in medicine, and indicate the purpose of the School of Medicine to widen the scope of its efforts and to cooperate in the fullest and freest manner with the hospitals of the city.

Up to this point I have emphasized the non-academic part. of University Extension: Home Study, the Institute of Arts. and Sciences, and the advanced courses in medicine, which as not having credit, are classed as special courses.

I desire to mention specifically the collegiate courses given in Brooklyn in the buildings of the Long Island College Hospital for pre-medical students. These are parallel and equivalent to those given in Columbia College and are under the close supervision of the various departments interested in undergraduate education. I recommend most earnestly that there be granted the same recognition of the work performed by the students in their first year in the School of Medicine of the Long Island College Hospital as is granted to students in Columbia College at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. With your approval, Mr. President, and because of your deep interest in thus extending the influence of the University, the Director of University Extension is serving as President of the Long Island College Hospital. The suggestion just made would indicate a desire for closer cooperation and an appreciation of the service rendered by a sister institution.

I now turn to the great body of University Extension students who in large numbers could not come to Columbia

were it not for the educational opportunities presented by this department. In the year 1910-1911, these students numbered 922; in 1922–1923, 11,790; in 1923-1924, 12,794. These figures do not include 3,000 extra-mural students and the 2,000 special students in non-credit courses. The Department reaches through all its branches over 20,000 persons. The question has been asked as to our service for the worker and so-called wage earner. We do serve the individual but we have not as yet been of direct help to the organizations. Plans are being made whereby a panel of instructors will join. with the officers of administration of University Extension in endeavoring to care for this part of adult education. There are difficulties, such as expense, and the selection of qualified instructors who can and will give time and labor to the cause.

To

At present we have among our students three women who came to us from the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Industrial Workers. The tuition fee and maintenance of these students were raised by an interested friend and placed in the hands. of the Dean of the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Industrial Workers for suitable disposition. All of these students are doing well and are preparing for a collegiate course. release a worker from the part she must perform in the home extra subsidies are needed. These students believe that a liberal education is essential and this doctrine they are passing on to their fellow workers at trade union meetings. Here is an opportunity to establish scholarships for industrial workers which should have a strong appeal to some Abou ben Adhem who loves his fellow men and who believes in the improvement in social conditions.

Among the significant developments of the past year we must place the unusual interest shown in the special courses in writing. Many inducements are now offered in the business world to those who have ability as writers. The University through its Department of English has a duty to perform in aiding those who are qualified and in discouraging those who are not qualified. The desire to write has become a prepossession of many who are totally or in great part lacking in ability or who have no preparation for the career of writer.

Through the efforts of Professor Frank A. Patterson a Writers Club has been organized for those who are taking special courses in writing or for former students in such courses. This Club, meeting every two weeks, was addressed by distinguished authors and publicists. Among them we may name Harris Dickson, Coningsby Dawson, Owen Davis, Will Irwin, William Allen White, Ellis Parker Butler, Augustus Thomas, Miss Sophie Kerr, Miss Edna Ferber. Through the hearty cooperation of Mr. Howe, Earl Hall has been at the command of the Club for its large meetings. The Club published through the University Press a book entitled "Copy." This is an anthology of short stories, poems, essays, and plays. It has received favorable reviews from all sections of the country. In 1910 there was one class of twenty-five students engaged in the study of writing. In the past year there were 39 classes with an attendance of one thousand. One series on short story writing embraces four years of instruction. Among these courses we include juvenile story writing, the technique of novel writing, play writing, and photoplay composition. Among writers of prominence on our staff, I may mention Mr. Hatcher Hughes, Professor Dorothy Scarborough, Professor Dorothy Brewster, and Professor Helen Hull. All of these have attained distinction as writers. The Writers Club is only one evidence of the enthusiasm which is characteristic of our large staff of instructors in English. This is also true of such large and vigorous departments as History, Government, Chemistry, Mathematics, Romance Languages, Psychology. The great number of students has made it necessary to appoint departmental representatives. These frequently have conferences and discuss the interests of their departments and the development of University Extension.

We have cooperated again this year with the Federation of Churches, through its Department of Religious Education, in maintaining two training schools: one at Union Seminary, numbering 195 students; and one for colored teachers at the rooms of the Young Women's Christian Association on 137th Street, numbering 50 students. The course of study

covers three years, and while not recognized by the granting of University credit, leads to a certificate conferred by the State Sunday School Association. These students are active teachers in the Bible Schools of the City and vicinity and come in direct contact with the many problems of schools of religious education.

May I again call your attention to the burden of expense which our students must carry, a burden which is very heavy to those who are wage earners and who are with difficulty supporting themselves, and as it often happens, are helping members of their families. It is impossible to relieve them from their tuition fees and this would, I believe, be unwise. Mature students should pay for their instruction, which they always appreciate more when they meet this expense. Nevertheless we can distribute the burden by allowing partial payments with interest for those who receive their compensation by the week or month and can only pay at intervals. I would recommend a loan fund of $20,000 for University Extension students for which interest would be charged. This should be administered with great exactness and granted only after careful scrutiny of the student's career and record. The fund should be allowed to cover tuition fees and, with careful restrictions and limitations, dormitory expense. It is pathetic to see deserving students compelled to abandon the education which they desire and deserve because of lack of this help which I have described above. Adult education is hindered by lack of means felt both by the individual and the organizations which are becoming more and more conscious of the need of intellectual development.

Naturally we are anticipating the enjoyment of beginning our fall campaign in the beautiful new building. The administrative offices of University Extension are located on the first or campus floor, a commodious room for the Director and a large reception hall for officers and students. Rooms are set aside for the first time for the clerical staff and the large reception room will be used for consultation and conference with students. The new building has a large number of fine class rooms which may now be used for Extension students