"I am afraid that is more than she will do,' observed Jack; "she is fast driving towards the shore."

"Can she be the Thisbe?" exclaimed Jacob. "I think not," observed Harry; "her canvas has not, to my eye, the spread of a man-of-war."

As the stranger drew nearer, most of the party agreed that Lieutenant Castleton was right-she was certainly not a man-of-war.

All anxiety for the ship's safety was at length set at rest. She weathered the outermost point of the reef, but now they began to fear that she would pass by and leave them to their fate. Scarcely had she cleared the reef, however, when the sound of a gun gladdened their ears. Their flag was seen, and the ship, hauling her wind, stood along the shore till she gained a shelter under the lee side of the island. The gale had by this time considerably abated, and it was hoped that a boat might be sent on shore. They hurried across the island.

Just as the beach was reached, a boat was seen leaving the ship. She soon landed with the firstofficer, who no sooner heard Lieutenant Castleton's name than he greeted him with a hearty welcome. It had been feared, he said, that he and his boat's crew had been lost, for the Thisbe had herself been in great danger, and had with difficulty, after suffering much damage, got back to Calcutta. He added that his ship was the Montrose, homeward bound, and that after touching at Bencoolen she had been driven by the hurricane out of her course, when the island had been sighted in time to weather it, though no one on board was before aware of its existence. As the wind might change, the captain was anxious to be away as soon as possible, and the whole party therefore hurried on board.

Fortunately, soon after the Montrose got into her proper course, she fell in with an outward-bound fleet, and by one of the ships Harry sent a despatch to Captain Headland, which he hoped might prevent the Thisbe from sailing in search of him and his companions. In it he also communicated the important information of his discovery of his friend's old protector, Jack Headland, and of his wonderful meeting with Mr. Hastings on board the Culloden. Mr. Hastings also wrote a private letter to Captain Headland, the contents of which he did not allow Harry to see.

The Montrose continued her homeward voyage. She was fortunately a good sailer, and a bright lookout being kept, she escaped the enemy's cruisers, and arrived safely in the Downs. Here Harry and Mr. Hastings, with Jack Headland and Jacob, landed, and proceeded at once to London.

Harry, knowing how anxious Adam and the dame would be to see their son, sent Jacob off immediately by the coach, expecting that he would reach Hurlston soon after the ladies at Downside had received a letter he had written from Deal.

The captain and passengers of the Montrose had pressed on Harry and Mr. Hastings the loan of as much money as they would accept, so that they had no difficulty about their expenses.

It was late in the evening when, after rattling through the ill-lighted streets, they drove up to the Golden Cross, then the principal inn in the west-end of London.

"I will remain here while you go and announce your arrival to your father, Mr. Castleton," said Mr.

Hastings. "As many years have passed sizce I travelled by laud, I am weary with my journey, though I shall be happy to accompany you to-morrow to renew the acquaintance which existed between us long ago. I must beg you not to mention my. name, or if you do you can tell your father that you have reasons to believe it is an assumed one, and that with my real name he is well acquainted."

Harry had gone into the coffee-room while waiting for a coach which he had directed the porter to call for him. He was walking through the centre when a person started up from one of the stalls, and grasping his hand, exclaimed:

"What! Harry, my boy, is it you, sound in limb and present in body, instead of being buried fathoms deep beneath the ocean wave? I said so. I was sure of it. I knew we should see you again. I am heartily delighted, my dear boy."

Harry, having recognised in the speaker his old friend General Sampson, briefly explained what had happened, and said that he was on the point of starting to see his father.

"I will save you the trouble, then. He left town this morning for Texford, where he has invited me. I never believed that you were lost, though your father and all the family went into mourning for you," said the general, as they proceeded. Your sister never gave up hopes of seeing you again; nor, from what she wrote me word, did another young lady who is interested in your welfare."

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Harry told his old friend of the various occur rences with which the reader is acquainted. The general was delighted.

"For my part, I believe that any man would be glad to claim your friend as his son. But I am doubly pleased at the thought that your father will no longer object to Headland's marrying your sister."

The general was still rattling on, asking Harry questions, and describing late public events, when Mr. Hastings entered the room. Harry introduced the general as a friend of his and Captain Headland's.

"I am happy on that account to make General Sampson's acquaintance," said Mr. Hastings. "Perhaps, indeed, we may have met in our younger days."

"Very likely we have," said the general. "Your features and figure are familiar to me. In fact, I could declare that I knew you, though I cannot tell where it was.'

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Perhaps you may have met me in company with Sir Ralph Castleton; indeed, I am sure of it, as I confess that I recollect you. I say this, as you are his friend, and that should you have a suspicion who I am, you may be careful not to express it to others." While Mr. Hastings was speaking the general was scanning his countenance with a look of the greatest surprise. The former continued, "As Lieutenant Castleton has begged me to come to Texford, perhaps if you are going there you will favour us with your company on the road. I should wish to set off tomorrow, but as I require longer rest and have some matters to settle in London, I must defer starting till the following day, if that will suit you."

"It will exactly do, sir," answered the general. "I promised Sir Ralph to go down on that day, and will join you here in the morning. At what hour do you proposel eaving London?"

"We must not start later than six, and shall then scarcely reach Texford till some time after nightfall," answered Harry.

"No, indeed," observed the general. "I always take two days, for I have no fancy to travel in the dark, and run the risk of being ordered to halt and deliver.'"

The general at a late hour wished his friends goodnight and returned to, his lodgings.

Mr. Hastings drove out the next morning alone, and was absent for most of the day. He also paid a visit, accompanied by Harry, to Captain Headland's agent, who without hesitation showed the locket and other articles which had been deposited with him. Mr. Hastings at once recognised them. "Had I entertained any doubts, these would have convinced me that their owner is my boy," he said, turning to Harry. "And I am convinced from what I know of you that will assist him in obtaining his inheritance."

you

"That I will, most gladly," exclaimed Harry; though I do not see how I can help him, except with my purse."

"More than you may suppose," answered Mr. Hastings, significantly.

Harry had during the day called at the Admiralty to report his return to England. He heard that the Thisbe's arrival was every day looked for. He left a letter for Headland, urging him to ask for leave and to come directly to Texford. "Mr. Hastings would wait for you," he wrote, "but he seems anxious on your account to see my father without delay, and as you may not arrive for some weeks he does not wish to defer his visit."

At the appointed hour the general appeared at the inn, and the three gentlemen set off on their journey in a coach and four, with Jack Headland on the coach-box, not omitting to provide themselves with firearms.

CHAPTER LIII.-VISITORS.

SIR RALPH CASTLETON arrived at Texford in the middle of the next day after he left London. He was surprised to see his servants in their usual liveries, and still more so when Lady Castleton and Julia came out to greet him in coloured costume instead of the black dresses they had lately worn. "What means this?" he exclaimed. "You show but little respect to the memory of our boy by so soon discarding your mourning."

"We have no reason to mourn for him," said Lady Castleton. "He is alive and well, and will be here in a day or two at farthest." She then briefly gave the account Harry had written from Deal. Sir Ralph expressed his satisfaction, though his words sounded cold to the ears of his wife and daughter. "Let me see the letter," he said, "I can scarcely even now believe what you tell me."

Lady Castleton very unwillingly produced Harry's letter. A frown gathered on Sir Ralph's brow as he read it.

"I thought a few months would have cured him of his infatuation, but he still speaks of that girl as if I were of so yielding character that I should ever consent to his committing so egregious a folly. And I see, Julia, that he alludes to Captain Headland. Clearly understand me, that if he returns to England I must prohibit his appearance at Texford. I have every reason to believe that you may become a duchess if you act wisely, and I cannot allow a penniless adventurer to stand in the way."

Julia had learned that " a soft answer turneth away wrath," or that if that cannot be uttered,

"silence is the best." She adopted the last resource, and left her father and mother alone.

"I am thankful our boy has escaped, and I can only hope that he will be induced to act with wisdom and discretion. I am placed in rather an awkward position with regard to the Duke of Oldfield. Under the belief of Harry's death, I have arranged to forward a match between the Marquis of Underdown and Julia. The duke assured me that he admired her greatly when they last met in London, and believing her to be my heiress, he was ready to sanction his son's offer, because he frankly told me that the marquis must marry a girl of fortune, though he should object unless she were of good family. Underdown will arrive here to-day, and Sir John and Lord Frederick and the other men I asked were merely to act as foils, though I should not object to either of them should the marquis fail; but I believe that a ducal coronet will carry the day with any girl, not excluding our daughter Julia."

"I never venture to oppose your wishes, Sir Ralph, and my earnest endeavour has been to secure Julia's happiness," said Lady Castleton, humbly. "I fear, however, that her affection for Captain Headland is too deeply rooted to allow even the marquis any prospect of success."

"But when the marquis finds that Harry is alive, his prudence will probably make him beat a rapid retreat, or, at all events, the duke will recall him," remarked Sir Ralph, with a sneer. "You will thus see my wisdom in asking the other gentlemen, and I must insist that you use every effort to induce our daughter to give up this naval officer, and accept either of them who comes forward. We must at all events manage her, though we may find Harry more obstinate than his sister."

"I can only do my best," said Lady Castleton, endeavouring to suppress a sigh.

Sir Ralph inquired about the Miss Pembertons, and hearing that they were at Downside, remarked: "I wish they, with their ward, could be induced to go away again; they have been thorns in my side since I came to Texford; it would have been wiser had we at once ignored their existence, and Harry would have had no excuse for visiting them."

The expected guests arrived, and were cordially greeted by Sir Ralph, who watched the countenance of the young marquis as he was informed of the fact of Harry's existence. From its expression, the keen man of the world argued that the young nobleman would not long honour him as his guest.

She

Julia, who was in very good spirits, received the visitors with her usual frank and easy manner. had greater difficulty next day to maintain her composure, as she was looking forward to the arrival of Harry and his mysterious companion, the father of Headland.

Lady Castleton received in the morning another letter from Harry, which he had written that she might show it to his father. He stated what he had already said to Julia, adding that he hoped Sir Ralph would give a warm greeting to his friend, who assured him that they had formerly been well acquainted.

"Who he can be I have no conception," exclaimed Sir Ralph. "I wish Harry had told me. We must ascertain who he is first. It is possible he may be some impostor who has discovered his anxiety to find a father for his friend. I shall be very careful how I trust him."

CHAPTER LIV.-ATTACKED.

MR. GROOCOCK, afraid of alarming the ladies, had not informed them of the warning he had received, but as soon as he had an opportunity of speaking to Sir Ralph, he told him what had occurred, and of the precautionary measures he had taken.

"I suspect the old mad woman has practised on your credulity," observed Sir Ralph. "However, do as you think fit; it may be as well to be prepared, in case that fellow Gaffin should venture on so daring a deed. With so many gentlemen in the house, backed by the servants, he will not think of attacking the hall."

"I suspect, Sir Ralph, that, desperate as he is, there is nothing he would not dare to do."

The steward, fearing that some mistake might occur, had ridden over to Morbury to beg that Mr. Shallard would see that the men he had applied for were sent in time. It was fortunate that he went, for Mr. Shallard had been away from home, though expected back every minute. Mr. Groocock anxiously waited his return. He arrived at length, when the steward explained his object, and asked if he had not received a letter he had sent about it. Mr. Shallard found it on his table with several others.

"Here is also a requisition," he said, glancing at another letter, "from Miss Pemberton, to obtain protection for Downside. She has been warned as you were, by an old mad woman, and she assures me that she feels confident the warning should not be disregarded. Though I have no great fears on the matter, my gallantry compels me to ride over there at once to afford the ladies such security as the presence of a gentleman can give; and I will beg that a body of fencibles may be sent to arrive soon after dusk. If no more men can be spared, we must obtain a few cavalry, as, fortunately, some troops arrived here a few days ago, and are to remain a short time to obtain recruits in the neighbourhood. I will see their commanding officer, and take care that they are sent off in time to reach Texford by dark. You may go home, therefore, Mr. Groocock, with your mind at rest on the subject; they will soon be at your heels, and you will, I dare say, look after them, and see that they are provided with a supply of good cheer, such as soldiers expect under the circumstances."

"No fear of that, Mr. Shallard," answered the steward. "I must no longer delay, for I am already late, and with my own good will I would rather not be out after dusk, considering the sort of people likely to be abroad."

"By-the-by, I have not congratulated you on Lieutenant Castleton's safe return. I received the news from Miss Pemberton just as I was leaving home yesterday, and nothing has given me greater pleasure in life. A fine young fellow, your future baronet, and I heartily wish that all difficulties in the way of his happiness may be overcome. He will prove a worthy successor to his excellent uncle. I have no doubt about that, though neither you nor I, Mr. Groocock, can properly wish him to come into possession for many years."

"I wish that all were like him; he will make a kind master, whoever serves him; but my head will be laid at rest before then," answered the steward, with a sigh. "However, I must be on my journey,' and Mr. Groocock, shaking hands with the lawyer, mounted his cob and rode back towards Texford.

The family at Texford were assembled in the drawing-room. Dinner had been put off, as they were every minute expecting the arrival of Harry and his friends; and Sir Ralph, usually so calm, kept moving about the room, frequently expressing his surprise that they had not come. "I hope nothing has happened to them," he said to himself. "Is it possible that they can have encountered that fellow Gaffin and his ruffian crew?"

Julia in vain endeavoured to understand what the marquis and Lord Frederick were saying to her, but could only give the vaguest of replies.

The window of the back drawing-room, which looked towards the park, was open. Sir Ralph had looked out several times in the hope of hearing the carriage wheels. He rang the bell, and, a servant appearing, he ordered dinner to be served.

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By-the-by," he asked, "has Mr. Groocock returned from Morbury?"

"No, Sir Ralph," was the answer.

"Let me know when he comes," said the baronet. At that instant the sound of a shot was heard; it came from the direction of the park-gate. It was followed by several others.

"What can that mean?" asked most of the gentlemen in a breath.

Sir Ralph, without answering, rang the bell violently, when the butler hurried into the room with a look of alarm.

"Tell the servants to get their arms, and have the shutters of all the lower rooms closed. Gentlemen," he added, turning to the guests, "if any of you have firearms or swords, pray get them. I received a warning that the house was to be attacked by a desperate gang of smugglers, but took no notice of it, though I fear from those sounds I ought to have done so.

Most of the gentlemen who had fowling-pieces or pistols with them hurried off to get them ready. Lady Castleton sank on the sofa, another lady fainted, and two shrieked out in their terror, believing that the next instant they should see the ruffians breaking into the house. Julia endeavoured to calm her mother and their guests, while Sir Ralph went to the front door to see that it was bolted and barred. At that moment he heard carriage wheels rolling at a rapid rate up the avenue. Again several shots were heard much nearer than the first. He ordered the door to be opened. The horses, panting and foaming, were pulled up by the postilion, and Harry sprang out of the chaise followed by General Sampson. They both turned round to assist out another person, while a fourth leaped from the

box.

"Drive round to the coach-yard, and tell the grooms to close the gates," cried Harry, while he led the stranger up the steps. On seeing his father he greeted him affectionately.

"We were fired on by a band of ruffians, but as we returned their salute briskly they did not venture to come to nearer quarters. They may, however, be following, and we should be prepared for them."

Sir Ralph was on the point of giving some further directions to the servants, when General Sampson and his companion reached the hall. Sir Ralph started, and gazed with a bewildered look.

"Who are you? Speak; I well remember those features," he exclaimed.

"And I remember yours, Ralph," said the stranger, stepping forward and taking his hand;

"however, we will say no more on the subject at present. Your son and General Sampson know me as Mr. Hastings; let me retain that name till we can converse in private. In the meantime continue your preparations to receive the ruffians who are close at hand. Thanks to the speed at which we were driving, the volley they fired did us no harm."

Sir Ralph seemed scarcely to comprehend what Mr. Hastings said, but continued gazing in his face without replying.

General Sampson, at once comprehending the state of affairs, took upon himself the command of the garrison, and ordered the servants to see that all the other entrances to the house were closed. He then requested those who had firearms to load them with ball, and to be ready to make use of them if required. Scarcely had he done so when a thundering knock was heard at the door, and a man from the outside announced himself as a sergeant from the Dragoons, who had been sent over from Morbury, with a party of fifteen men, to guard the hall. On this the door was opened, when a fine soldier-like looking fellow appeared, who requested to know where he should post his men.

"My orders are to remain here if Sir Ralph Castleton wishes it, but if not to proceed to Downside Cottage at Hurlston. As the smugglers, or whatever they are, caught sight of us just as we entered the avenue, they are not likely to attack this place." Harry, who had just been receiving his mother's and sister's embraces, heard what was said.

"Let some of your men accompany me, and I will show them the way to Downside," he exclaimed, and he directed one of the servants to bring a horse round without a moment's delay.

"Where are you going, Harry?" exclaimed Sir Ralph, recovering himself on seeing Harry hurrying down the steps; "the troopers will look after the ruffians."

"To assist those who require protection," answered Harry. "There is no time to be lost."

"Just like him," cried General Sampson. "The ruffians won't stand a charge if he leads it."

The sergeant mounted his horse and followed him. The troopers were found drawn up at the entrance of the avenue, while in the distance were seen a large band of wild-looking fellows, armed in a variety of ways, some on horseback and others on foot, apparently watching the movements of the soldiers by whose timely arrival they had been prevented from entering the park.

The sergeant ordered his men to follow. "Those are the fellows who fired at the carriage, and were nearly overtaking it when we came up, I can swear to that," he said.

"We must seize their leader and as many as we can get hold of, or they may still attack the hall," answered Harry, and putting spurs to their horses, they dashed on.

The smugglers still held their ground not two hundred yards off. Harry recognised Miles Gaffin, who by his actions was evidently endeavouring to induce his followers to advance to the encounter. As the well-disciplined little band drew near them the ruffians' courage gave way. The men on foot rushed off on either side. The horsemen stood a moment longer, and at Gaffin's command fired a volley, but directly afterwards, though superior in numbers, knowing well how ill able they were to resist the charge of the troopers, they wheeled round

their horses and galloped off in the direction of Hurlston. Gaffin was the last to turn. He quickly overtook the rest, and pushing through them on his fleet and powerful horse soon took the lead. Though vastly superior in a charge, the troopers' horses were ill able to come up with the active steeds of the lightly-armed smugglers. The latter kept well ahead, though Harry urged his companions not to spare the spur. As openings occurred free of trees, first one of the smugglers rode off, then another, others following, some going on one side, some on another, till a small band only held together, led by Gaffin, who had, however, distanced them considerably. Believing probably that he was going to desert them, the remainder, swearing loudly at his cowardice, following the example of the first, began to disperse, several throwing themselves from their horses, and making their way through the thick brushwood, where the troopers had little hope of overtaking them.

"Keep the fellow on the black horse in sight,” shouted Harry. "He is the man, I doubt not, who murdered the steward. Let some of your men accompany me, and follow him with the rest."

The sergeant gave the order as Harry requested, and half the men continued on with Harry towards Downside, while Gaffin was seen to be making by the nearest road for the mill. His object, apparently, was to take shelter within it, and to sell his life dearly; or he might hope to conceal himself till he could make his escape by some secret passage, or by other means with which he alone was acquainted.

The thickening gloom of evening rendered all objects indistinct. The sergeant and his men, however, kept the smuggler in sight till they saw him reach the downs on which the mill stood, where his figure was distinctly visible against the sky. It was but for a moment, for at the same instant a party of the sea-fencibles who had been concealed behind the mill started up, and several shots were fired at him. It was not seen whether any had taken effect; the horse and rider disappeared, as it seemed, over the edge of the cliff. The troopers expected, as they reached the spot, to see him dashed to pieces on the sands, but he had reached the bottom in safety by a pathway which a desperate man alone would have ventured to take. They caught a glimpse of him as he galloped along the sands towards the south.

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We must follow him, my lads, or he will escape after all," said the sergeant, though as no one dared descend the path Gaffin had taken, the troopers were compelled to make their way round by a circuitous road till they could gain the level of the beach. By that time the daring smuggler was lost to sight.

In the meantime the foot soldiers hurried along the top of the downs to stop him should he desert his horse and attempt to escape by climbing up the cliffs and making his way across the country.

The sergeant and his men made comparatively slow progress over the sands. They discovered, too, that the tide was rising, and had good reason to fear that they might be caught under the cliffs and be carried off by the sea, which was rolling in with a sullen roar.

The sergeant at the same moment fancied he could discern the figure of a horseman at some distance ahead close under the cliffs, and already surrounded by water. The steed was plunging and rearing, while the rider in vain endeavoured to urge him forward. Presently both together disappeared,

overwhelmed by a sea which rolled in and broke in masses of spray against the foot of the cliff. Not far off a dark object, which might have been a boat, was

seen.

However, the advancing sea warned the sergeant that he and his men must beat a rapid retreat or run the risk of losing their horses if not their lives. They had indeed to plunge through the sea up to their horses' girths before they regained the end of the cliff, where they were once more in safety.

CURIOSITIES OF THE CENSUS.

WHEN

BY CHARLES MACKESON, F.S.S.

V.

WHEN the first Great Exhibition opened its doors in the famous glass house in Hyde Park, now nearly a quarter of a century ago, the immense variety and the enormous extent of the industrial occupations of this country became for the first time really apparent. In the International Exhibitions since held, and still more noticeably in the Working Men's Exhibitions of the metropolis and of the chief provincial towns, the same striking proof of national activity in every form of handicraft has been furnished. The supremacy of the English artisanusing that term in its widest sense as including every species of skilled labour-was in fact clearly demonstrated; for amid such vast illustrations of the results of his daily toil, it was impossible any longer to doubt that the industrial class must form a very important section of our population. We question, however, whether it is even now generally realised that these same artisans, whose voting rights so long occupied the attention of both Houses of the Legislature, whose combinations, legal and illegal, have been, and probably long will be, the subject of anxious thought among social reformers, and who have been called "our future masters," form more than one-third of our total male population. Yet this, the census tables prove, is actually the case; the number of men and boys in the industrial class standing at more than three and a half out of the eleven millions in England and Wales. With these figures before us, it is possible to estimate, in a way which ought to strengthen the hands of all who labour in the cause of religion and education, what an all-powerful force is here set in motion either for good or evil. Time was when our rulers governed men who were mere machines, and when the lower average of education made the teacher's work a constant round of elementary instruction to those who were unable to question or discuss the merits of his lesson; but now all this is changed, and of these three and a half millions it is not too much to say that the great majority possess minds sharpened by the competition of the age, and "decided views" of political and religious questions.

But leaving all moralising on this great subject, let us look at the toilers and moilers as week after week, year after year, they go forth, here to the workshop, there to the factory, here to the foundry, there to the mine; and let us endeavour to form some idea of the many-sided character of "the task" which makes up the sum of these numberless lives. Their various occupations are subdivided under certain generic heads, with the leading distinctions that those who work on art and mechanical productions

are separated from the workers and dealers in textile fabrics and dress, who are again, in their turn, clearly marked off from the other large classes of workers and dealers in food and drinks, and in animal, vegetable, and mineral substances.

First, then, looking at the persons engaged in the industries in which matters of various kinds are used in combination, we have the several trades connected with the literary food supply of the nation, and it will scarcely surprise the reader to learn that here there is a large increase as compared with the census of 1861. The printers, who, next to the authors, are perhaps the most important members of the book-making fraternity, have risen from thirty to forty-four thousand, or, in other words, have increased by one-half, while the bookbinders, representing the next stage in the work, have also risen considerably, and number nearly eight thousand. To these, of course, must be added a large number of women and girls, as we shall show in a subsequent paper on Female Labour; for there is at the present day a very considerable employment of women as compositors. The term printer here used includes, of course, every member of the trade. The printer begins his life-work at an early age, for it is true of printing, as it is of the fine arts, that early practice is almost essential to success. Thus the deft hand of the expert compositor, who can pick his letters with almost lightning speed from their cases, which present a complete puzzle to the uninitiated, requires some years of training for the eye and the finger before complete facility is attained, and we therefore find, as might have been expected, a goodly show of workers in the first periods of age. Even from five to ten years the class is represented by seven members; from ten to fifteen there are nearly four thousand; and in the next period upwards of ten thousand. Between twenty and twenty-five there is a somewhat inexplicable fall to seven thousand, but in the next ten years the figures rise again. The probable cause of this variation is that, between fifteen and twenty, boys in search of a trade try this, and either fail or tire of its unquestionable preliminary hardships, and thus, making allowance for retirements from such reasons, we have a graduated rise up to thirty-five years of age, when the natural fall owing to ordinary causes takes place. The printer, however, sticks to his trade to a good old age, and the numbers show a fair representation in the later years, there being upwards of eight hundred between sixty-five and seventy-five.

The booksellers and publishers remain nearly stationary as compared with 1861, but the newspaper publishers and sellers have largely increased, and now number nearly five thousand males. Even these figures, however, can scarcely represent the exact truth, for in these days of penny, halfpenny, nay, even three-a-penny papers, we have a vast body of persons who combine their sale with other tradesthe hairdresser, the tobacconist, the keeper of the so-called fancy shop; and the army of men, boys, and girls who earn a living in this way, or in any other that presents itself, can scarcely have been brought into account.

From literature to music is not a very violent transition, and here we find that instrument-makers have increased, though not to the extent that might have been anticipated, as even now they only number about eight thousand males, and this in the face of a ten years' musical progress unequalled in the history