Schaefer, Dr. Vincent J., director of research, The Munitalp Founda- tion, Inc., Schenectady, N. Y... Smith, Mr. Charles P., consultant to the Advisory Committee on Weather Control, 245 Market Street, San Francisco, Calif. Stout, Mr. Glenn E., head of meteorology subdivision, State Water 149 Waterman, Dr. Allan D., director, National Science Foundation, 1520 Swackhamer, Mr. O. C., president, Iowa and Missouri Weather Mod- 177 137 Statement submitted by- Berry, Hon. E. Y., a Member of Congress from the Second District of David, Mr. Joffre C., secretary-treasurer, Florida Fruit & Vegetable Association, 4401 East Colonial Drive, Orlando, Fla. Jehn, Prof. Kenneth H., member of the meteorology staff, University Lightning Fire Research (submitted by Senator Francis Case and based on informal interviews with persons in the United States MacCready, Mr. Paul B., Jr., research associate, The Munitalp Foundation, Inc., 939 East Union Street, Pasadena, Calif__ Malone, Mr. Thomas F., secretary, American Meteorological Society, Pleasants, Mr. C. Ross, president, Hygrotrol Corp., 143 Lower 131 Letters and telegrams from- Carlisle, Mr. Harvey, Jr., president, Placer County Farm Labor 200 Dines, Mr. T. M., Black Forest, Colorado Springs, Colo.-- 202 Holmes, Mr. David, president, Bear Creek Orchards, Medford, Oreg-- Hughes, Charles J., Esq. 1200 Grant Street, Denver 3, Colo. Joffee, Mr. T. F., secretary, Pershing County Chamber of Commerce, Klopsteg, Mr. Paul, associate director, National Science Foundation, Mitchell, Mr. Albert K., Tequesquite Ranch, Albert, N. Mex. Newsom, Mr. Herschel D., master, National Grange, 744 Jackson Odlum, Mr. Floyd B., Cochran-Odlum Ranch, Indid, Calif Orville, Mr. Howard T., chairman, Advisory Committee on Weather Control, 227 Winder Building, Washington 25, D. C., dated May 21, Richardson, Mr. Elliott, Acting Secretary, Health, Education, and Wel- fare Department, Washington, D. C., dated March 26, 1957. Turner, Mr. F. A., chairman, Adams County Weather Modification Tuttle, Mr. S. M., chairman, weather control committee, Medford Pear Shippers Association, 303 West Fifth Street, Medford, Oreg Volentine, Mr. Floyd E., president, Red River Water Resources As- Air Force, Department of, dated March 25, 1957, and May 1, 1957. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRAM IN CLOUD MODIFICATION TUESDAY, MARCH 26, 1957 UNITED STATES SENATE, COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE, SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE ON S. 86, Washington, D. C. The subcommittee met at 10 a. m., Hon. Alan Bible, chairman of the special subcommittee, presiding. Senator BIBLE. The subcommittee hearing will come to order. This is the time set for the hearing on Senate bill 86. I think it should be noted that between 1951 and 1953 congressional hearings on several bills introduced by members of both parties revealed that farmers, ranchers, electric utilities, municipalities, and other water users were paying somewhere between 2 cents and 20 cents per acre, and annually spending somewhere between $3 and $5 million on weather modification activities covering approximately 10 percent of the land area of the Nation. These legislative hearings showed that there was a necessity for an impartial evaluation of these extensive weather modification (cloud seeding) operations in order to ascertain if they were producing favorable or other results. There were no existing private or public agencies to perform this task. The existing agencies were primarily concerned with weather forecasting, pure basic research in cloud physics, or commercial cloud seeding. and As a result of this lengthy congressional consideration, the Advisory Committee on Weather Control was established by the act of August 13, 1953. The life of the committee was extended with the same bipartisan support for an additional 2 years on July 9, 1956, Public Law 664, 84th Congress, because the Advisory Committee had been functioning, actually, for a period of only about a year and one-half due to the delay in obtaining initial appropriations and the difficulty in assembling a competent scientific staff to undertake this unique statutory assignment. The bill which is now before us for consideration is S. 86, which provides for a $5 million 5-year cooperative Federal-State experimental research program in cloud modification to be conducted by the Advisory Committee on Weather Control, the States, their universities, and other agencies, and private institutions. This bill was introduced by Senator Case of South Dakota for himself and Senators Anderson, Magnuson, and Watkins. There are companion House bills, 3631, 5232, 5954, and 5958 introduced respectively by Congressmen Hull, Berry, Baring, and Engle. Staff member assigned to this hearing: Harry C. Huse. I will place in the record, and incorporated in full, Senate bill 86, which is now before this subcommittee for hearing purposes; also, a letter from Hon. Warren G. Magnuson, chairman of the Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, appointing this subcommittee. (The matter referred to is as follows:) [S. 86, 85th Cong., 1st sess.] A BILL To provide for an experimental research program in cloud modification Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That, for a period of five years following the effective date of this Act, the Advisory Committee on Weather Control be authorized and directed to formulate a program of experimental research in the field of cloud modification with special reference to areas in the States that have suffered from shortage of natural rainfall. SEC. 2. The experimental research program authorized by this Act shall be carried on either by contracts between the Advisory Committee on Weather Control and private or public agencies and through cooperative programs with State agencies, including land-grant colleges or other State agencies to be designated by the governor of the State. SEC. 3. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated a sum not exceeding $5,000,000 for the accomplishment of the program herein authorized: Provided, That of the amount appropriated annually during the five years for which this program is authorized, one-fourth shall be available for that part of the program to be accomplished by contract and three-fourths shall be available for the cooperative program to be matched equally by the States. SEC. 4. This Act may be cited as the "Cloud Modification Research Act of 1957". Hon. ALAN BIBLE, United States Senate, Washington, D. C. MARCH 7, 1957. DEAR SENATOR BIBLE: This is to inform you that I am today appointting you as chairman of a subcommittee to consider S. 86, to provide for an experimental research program in cloud modification. The subcommittee is composed of the following: Senator Alan Bible, chairman, Senator Wm. A. Blakley, Senator Andrew F. Schoeppel. Sincerely yours, Warren G. MAGNUSON, Chairman. Senator BIBLE. Senator Case, I know of your great interest in this field, and the contributions you have made. The committee is fortunate in having you with us this morning as a witness on behalf of the legislation. I might add that a request has been made of this committee to hold the hearings open for a short period of time in order to permit the departments to complete and file their reports, and the hearings will be kept open for that purpose for a reasonable period of time, 10 days or 2 weeks. Since we haven't been regularly meeting we are very anxious to accommodate those witnesses who are here in Washington and here and ready to testify at this time. Senator Case, it is proper and fitting that we first hear from you. STATEMENT OF HON. FRANCIS CASE, A SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA Senator CASE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I wish to express my appreciation for your going ahead with the hearings today in spite of the fact that the departmental reports are not completed as yet. There are some witnesses from out of town, |