Senator PURTELL. We had testimony from the Chairman of the ICC that this was a matter of compliance; what they are trying to do is get compliance in this case.

Mr. BURROWS. I agree with you, but there was some other testimony. Here again we reiterate our earlier statement it would be wise to use the funds and personnel for enforcement for this purpose.

On the matter of compliance and education I believe the council presented a sound, basic approach. We differ with them in only one respect. In order to secure 100 percent distribution of the regulations (at a minimum cost) we firmly believe that same should be made through the State licensing channels.

After this has been accomplished then the trade organization can go to work on an education program in cooperation with the Interstate Commerce Commission pointed at compliance. Certainly we can distribute the regulations and explanations to our members but the real value will come in showing them they have a responsibility in not placing obstacles in the way of greater highway safety. In fact they must help by insisting on good equipment and reliable personnel.

The International Apple Association, Inc., has done this in a small way with regard to hours of service. We have been attempting to educate our members that a driver cannot drive over 10 hours and that when a driver quotes a schedule that would require greater than 10 hours at one stretch, that the shipper knows he (the driver) is violating the law.

We respectfully submit that the purpose for which this bill is intended can best be accomplished through the States and at a minimum cost. We therefore urge your committee disapprove S. 1490.

Senator PURTELL. I am sure, Mr. Burrows, that you, as all the people that are testifying here, are anxious to see that a greater degree of safety is found on the highways. And I also can understand your apparent fear that this might be the entering wedge toward further control of this particular segment of our trucking industry.

I can understand those things and we appreciate your coming here and giving us the value of your testimony. And I have no more questions, but I thank you for being with us.

Mr. BURROWS. I thank you for the opportunity, sir.

Senator PURTELL. Our next witness is Mr. James D. Mann, managing director of the Private Truck Council of America. We are glad to have you with us, Mr. Mann.

Mr. MANN. Thank you, sir. I am glad to be here.

STATEMENT OF JAMES D. MANN, MANAGING DIRECTOR, PRIVATE TRUCK COUNCIL OF AMERICA, INC.

Mr. MANN. My name is James D. Mann, managing director, Private Truck Council of America, Inc., 714 Sheraton Building, Washington, D. C., on whose behalf this statement is submitted, and I am appearing here due to the inability of my president, Mr. H. O. Mathews, general manager, Transportation and Distribution, Armour Co., Chicago, to be present.

The Private Truck Council of America, Inc., is a national nonprofit organization of all types of businesses, which operate motortrucks, not for hire but in the incidental course of their businesses-in moving or

delivering their own materials or products or performing their own services.

Such business, of course, include manufacturing, mining, processing, wholesaling, retailing, and servicing. Council members engage in such diverse activities as processing and distribution of meat, carbonated beverages, bakery products, dairy products, beer, petroleum, groceries, truck renting and servicing, and laundering and drv cleaning, just to mention a few.

The council's opposition to S. 1490 does not mean it is opposed to highway safety. The council by its very nature is keenly aware of the highway safety problem; for years has conducted a substantial highway safety program of its own, including dissemination of information regarding compliance with the ICC Motor Carrier Safety Regulations.

Since so many questions asked as to what various organizations are doing to publicize the ICC's Motor Carrier Safety Regulations I would like to point out what we have done and are doing at the present time. The original motor carrier safety regulations were adopted in December 1936 and became effective as to certain parts on April 1, 1937, and as to other parts on July 1, 1937. The first major revision became effective on January 1, 1940, and the regulations were made applicable to private carriers on October 15, 1940.

Shortly thereafter the council's highway safety committee, realizing that the average person did not have time to study and become thoroughly familiar with the motor carrier safety regulations, and particularly that many truckdrivers would never read the regulations, prepared a "Drivers' Handbook and Safety Manual for Commercial Truck Operators," which we have been selling since the regulations went into effect. A major revision of the handbook was made in 1952. I checked with our printer yesterday and we sold around 30,000 copies of that edition.

Senator PURTELL. What is the date of publication?

Mr. MANN. November 1952.

Senator PURTELL. 1952. What do they sell for, please?

Mr. MANN. Thirty cents apiece for 1 to 100 copies. From 100 to 500, 25 cents a copy, 500 to 2,000, 20 cents apiece and over 2,000, 15 cents apiece. Last spring we again revised the book. We added sections on winter driving, limited-access highways, signs and markings, accidents and accident reporting.

We sent out notices like this to all of our members and we intend to send them out to all nonmembers we know of, to tell them about the handbook and advise that they order copies.

Senator PURTELL. We would like one of those for the record. If you will leave one of those with us, they will become part of the record.

I want to commend you, too, for this book that was handed to me. It was issued in January 1957?

Mr. MANN. That is the revised edition.

Senator PURTELL. I haven't had an opportunity of reading it completely. I notice you appear to have covered almost all of the phases of safety in the handling of motor vehicles.

Mr. MANN. That is right.

Senator PURTELL. You have in there a digest of ICC safety regulations. They are condensed, I might say, into 15 pages, so I commend you and your organization for this type of job.

Mr. MANN. We made it this size so that the driver can put it in the glove compartment of his truck or his pocket. In addition we have published a "Manual Covering ICC Regulations Applicable to Private Motortruck Operators," and which contains all the ICC regulations of all types applicable to private motortruck operators.

We sell it to our members on a subscription basis. So we have really kept our members familiar with what is going on.

Now, there are a number of people who operate purely in intrastate commerce, but are still carrying goods in interstate commerce and I have gotten a number of questions about this matter. I spoke to our special counsel about it and last week he drafted a very brief circular which we sent out yesterday to all of our members in which we state your truck can be in interstate commerce without crossing the State line and urge private truck operators to make sure whether ICC motor carrier safety regulations apply.

We are continually bringing to the attention of our members the need of compliance with the ICC regulations.

Senator PURTELL. These bulletins are sent to all of your membership?

Mr. MANN. To all of our members.

Senator PURTELL. Your membership is how large?

Mr. MANN. We have approximately 800 on our mailing list.
Senator PURTELL. In how many States?

Mr. MANN. Practically all States. There are a few States where we don't have members. But practically all of our members have representatives or branch offices in all States, so our mailing list contains many instances of mailings to those branch offices.

In line with safety, we also publish each month a highway safety bulletin in cooperation with the National Safety Council in which we propose to our members a safety program for the coming months.

I am sure there are other organizations that are doing the same type of work and maybe even better than we are doing, but since it was brought out here that nothing was being done, I felt the committee should know what we are doing in our own way.

Senator PURTELL. Very happy to have it. We would like to have these bulletins that you are issuing become a part of the record, available not in the record here but available to the committee as a part of the record of the hearings.

Mr. MANN. I will see that you get sufficient copies. (The documents above referred to are as follows:)

DRIVER'S HANDBOOK AND SAFETY MANUAL FOR COMMERCIAL TRUCK OPERATORS

The Do's and Dont's of Good Driving including a digest of the ICC's motor carrier safety regulations, revision of 1952 applicable to drivers. Prepared by Private Truck Council of America, Inc., Washington, D. C.

As we start our driving each day let us be constantly mindful of the safety of others and of ourselves

FOREWORD

Commercial vehicles today are playing an important part in our national life. The trucking industry has become a highly specialized occupation for thousands of men like yourselves who are proud of their profession.

Since a competent driver is only made after extensive driving experience and training, it is our hope that the information outlined in this manual will serve you well.

To be well informed is to be well armed. Correct information is a safeguard. It enables you to be ready and prepared to successfully meet any driving situation. It gives you confidence which will make you not only careful but also thoughtful. Remember-a safe and courteous driver is the most appreciated asset on the highway today.

DRIVER'S RESPONSIBILITY

As a driver, it is your responsibility to practice and promote safe driving on the highway. This responsibility should be foremost in your mind all the time you are behind the wheel.

Here's what you can do to become a dependable and careful driver

Keep yourself physically fit and mentally alert.

Always carry your driver's license and be sure that all registration or permit plates are available for Federal, State, or local inspection.

Be familiar with all local, State, and ICC regulations.

Guard against road mishap by making prior routine check of such items as distribution of your load, in addition to steering gear, tires, brakes, lights, windshield wipers, and horn. See that your vehicle is equipped with the required number of flares, fusees, and flags.

See

If your vehicle carries a high load, check all clearances of underpasses. that load is properly distributed. Also give attention to tail gate, tarpaulins, chains, ropes, etc. Red flags in daylight and red lights at night should be attached to those projecting 4 feet or more beyond rear tail gate.

Drive at a speed consistent with the condition of road surface, density of traffic, and degree of visibility.

Approach children and pass through pedestrian-traffic cautiously. Be particularly careful to give elderly persons the right-of-way.

Obey the universal traffic rule-never pass a school bus in either direction while bus is stopped.

Maintain proper position in line of traffic when going straight ahead or making a right or left-hand turn.

Maintain safe distance in following another vehicle. This will be determined by the condition of the road, speed, visibility, weight of load, and braking ability of your vehicle.

Give proper hand or mechanical signals before making right or left turn, slowing down or stopping.

Do not drive with your horn. Use it only to warn others.

Do not depend entirely on your rear-view mirror. Use it as an aid.

Enter and cross intersections with vehicle under control and know that you can cross the intersection safely.

In making right turns, keep as close as possible to the right side of the road. For left turns, keep to the center lane but on your side. It is well to signal at least 200 feet in advance what you desire to do in order to give following traffic an opportunity to adjust its driving accordingly.

Slow down before entering a curve and accelerate gradually as you round it. Do not attempt to pass another vehicle on a curve.

When driving at night, see that both headlights are lighted and beams properly adjusted. Use dimmers during a fog and reduce speed consistent with visibility.

Back your vehicle only when necessary.

When parking do not rub tires against curbing. Back front wheel into curb if facing uphill and toe front weel into curb if parking downhill. Set parking brakes securely.

If you have to stop on a highway at night, use your emergency warning signals immediately. Place a lighted fusee, red electric lantern or red emergency reflector at traffic side of your vehicle. Place flares (pot torches), lanterns, or reflectors in center of your traffic lane, approximately 100 feet behind your vehicle and at the same distance in front of the vehicle. Use red flags similarly for this purpose in the daytime.

Remove ignition key when vehicle is unattended.
Do not carry unauthorized passengers.

SAFETY AND COURTESY

It is easy to make safe driving a habit. A safe and careful driver is also a courteous driver. Truck drivers have earned and now enjoy this reputation. Your attitude on the highway and the way you drive is important-actions speak louder than words!

Proper position of your truck on the highway in conjunction with the use of proper signals will reduce the possibility of accidents. Any driving rules that contribute both to safety and goodwill are based on commonsense and courtesy, for example

Take your turn in traffic, do not crowd other vehicles.

Drive in one traffic lane unless passing other cars.

When you are signaled by another driver that he wishes to pass, let him, if it safe for you to do so.

Pass vehicles ahead only when there is ample room to get back safely into your own lane.

Do not "tailgate."

Allow pedestrians to continue crossing ahead of your truck, should traffic lights change.

In parking do not block pedestrian crosswalks, private drives, or other entrances.

DEFENSIVE DRIVING

A defensive driver is one who makes allowances for the lack of skill and the lack of knowledge on the part of the other fellow-who recognizes that he has no control over the unpredictable actions of other drivers and pedestrians, nor over conditions of weather and roads, and who, therefore, develops a defense against all these hazards. He concedes his right-of-way and makes other concessions to avoid collision. He is careful to commit no driving errors himself, and is defensively alert to avoid the accident traps and hazards created by weather, roads, pedestrians, and other drivers.

A defensive driver should

Slow down at every intersection where vehicles are approaching or where vision is obscured.

Be prepared for the thoughtless or reckless driver who fails to stop at "stop" signs.

Let the other driver take the right-of-way if he insists upon "hogging" it. Slacken speed, drop back, and let into line a driver who tries to pass and misjudges the space available.

Slow down if an approaching driver, in passing other cars, has difficulty in getting back into his own lane.

Drop back and let into line any driver who foolishly tries to pass on a hill

or a curve.

Hold his speed and give full opportunity to the driver behind who is intent on passing.

Watch out for pedestrians.