1952-that "the United States is resorting to one more act of bestiality by using germ warfare." Powell replied: "I know it is hard to believe, sitting here in Palo Alto, and I'll take more than my 2 minutes, if I may, to explain." Powell said he "saw evidence of germ warfare" collected in Korea. He said doctors and scientists, trained in the United States, presented the evidence. "I saw a warehouse filled with peculiar mechanical contraptions not used in ordinary warfare," he said. He said it was a great tragedy the United States and China could not agree on a responsible neutral group to make a study of germ-warfare charges. "Something happened in Korea," he said. "I found it almost impossible to believe." North asked Powell if he found enough evidence to justify his editorial statement. Powell said there was evidence of germ warfare right outside the town where he was living. He said the villagers washed down the streets and walls of buildings. Powell said that in areas where plague, cholera, and smallpox had been wiped out, there suddenly were a few cases. He said villagers told him they heard a plane go overhead one night and that the next day they found rats in the streets, in their doorways, and on their roofs. The rats were bruised and many had broken legs, he said. "It's too big a hoax to perpetrate," Powell said. THE SUBCOMMITTEE DEFIED Attention is called to Powell's statement that he saw evidence of germ warfare. This is a direct refutation of his own statement made several weeks before in the presence of newspapermen in Washington, "I saw no evidence." There is no precedent in recent American history-if indeed there is precedent in all American history-for the conduct of John W. Powell. His unspeakable betrayal of America's cause in the Far East is matched only by his arrogance toward the Senate of the United States. It is obvious that he must be brought back to the witness stand at the earliest opportunity, so that the subcommittee may complete its investigation of him. It is equally obvious that the subcommittee must complete its investigation of his China Review associates and all the so-called Americans who collaborated with him in this international ring of treason. At the Washington hearing, the chairman gave this preliminary description of the entire group. The story has several parts. It begins slowly, as the members of this group assemble in the Far East. Like their predecessors from the State and Treasury Departments, most of them got there at the expense of the American taxpayer. One served in the Information and Education Branch of the United States Army. The subcommittee has already shown that I. and E. was grievously penetrated by underground Communists during World War II. One was in the United States Information Service. One was a newspaperman and broadcaster. Others were part of the IPR apparatus which, as we revealed in a previous investigation, was used by the Communist world conspiracy as an international cover shop. Still others, like Hinton, worked for OWI or UNRRA or the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund. They formed a little cluster in Shanghai around a once honorable publication, the China Weekly, later Monthly Review. At their center is Mme. Sun Yat-sen, one of the world symbols of Chinese communism. The China Review became the instrument by which they advertised and brazenly proclaimed devotion to Red China * Devices were created to bring the poisonous lies of the China Review back into the United States. The group formed another little cluster in Peiping in 1952 when the international Communist conspiracy rigged up another of its familiar, and utterly false, peace conferences. To that conference came so-called delegates from the United States itself. The record will show their activities, too. Directly after the Korean armistice, some of the members of this group started slipping back home. One, Hinton, came through Moscow. Another took off from Calcutta. Still others passed through Hong Kong. Since their return, as we will show, they have raised Red China's banner at every opportunity (H., pp. 1821, 1822). If it develops in the opinion of the Attorney General, that there is no law under which these individuals may be punished for the brazen infamy of their conduct, then such a law should be passed immediately. The Government of the United States has no right to take the flower of its young manhood from their homes and careers, put them into uniforms, and send them to die for their country in every quarter of the globe, if it will not protect them from the activities of such creatures as John W. Powell. CONCLUSIONS 1. John W. Powell was the responsible editor of the China Weekly (later Monthly) Review. 2. Powell's magazine contained false and criminally derogatory information about the policy of the American Government, the deeds of American diplomats, and the conduct of American soldiers who were at war. Powell was in a position to know the falsity of much of the material he published. 3. Powell's magazine was used extensively in the Chinese Communist effort to brain-wash American prisoners of war under inhuman conditions of indoctrination, starvation, torture, and death. 4. The evidence strongly indicates that the China Review was both controlled and supported by the Chinese Communist Government. 5. The China Review was part of an international Communist apparatus of great significance. This apparatus seeks to mislead the peoples of the world and lull them into the false beliefs that the international Communist conspiracy is actually a program of peace. 6. The program of this apparatus includes an effort to propagandize relatives of members of the Armed Forces in order to encourage defection on the home front. 7. Powell remains at large defying the Senate of the United States. RECOMMENDATION Appropriate administrative, legislative, and judicial steps should be taken so that no American national may, without fear of retribution, give aid and comfort to a nation engaged in armed combat with the Armed Forces in the United States. SECTION X CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSIONS THE ARMY'S INFORMATION AND EDUCATION PROGRAM 1. During the latter part of World War II, the Information and Education Division of the United States Army had powers of compulsory indoctrination over 8 million American soldiers. This in itself is not unreasonable, since the people have a right to require that their Government explain to the members of the Armed Forces the purpose for which they are asked to lay down their lives. However, adequate precautions were not taken to insure that loyal Americans were in charge of the compulsory indoctrination program. 2. A group of Communists or pro-Communists infiltrated into controlling positions in the information and education program and brought it about that 8 million American soldiers were taught the wrong things about communism, the wrong things about the U. S. S. R., the wrong things about Communist China, and the wrong things about Americans who oppose communism. 3. Evidence is lacking to establish how much of the information and education program was accepted in good faith by the 8 million American soldiers who were forcibly exposed to it. Nevertheless, the subcommittee believes there is grave danger that some of the wrong things may have found lodging in the minds of many loyal Americans. UNITED STATES CITIZENS IN COMMUNIST CHINA 1. John W. Powell was the responsible editor of the China Weekly (later Monthly) Review. 2. Powell's magazine contained false and criminally derogatory information about the policy of the American Government, the deeds of American diplomats, and the conduct of American soldiers who were at war. Powell was in a position to know the falsity of much of the material he published. 3. Powell's magazine was used extensively in the Chinese Communist effort to brain-wash American prisoners of war under inhuman conditions of indoctrination, starvation, torture, and death. 4. The evidence strongly indicates that the China Review was both controlled and supported by the Chinese Communist Government. 5. The China Review was part of an international Communist apparatus of great significance. This apparatus seeks to mislead the peoples of the world and lull them into the false beliefs that the International Communist conspiracy is actually a program of peace. 6. The program of this apparatus includes an effort to propagandize relatives of members of the Armed Forces in order to encourage defection on the home front. 7. Powell remains at large defying the Senate of the United States. SUBVERSION IN POLICYMAKING 1. Alger Hiss, Harry Dexter White, and their confederates in the Communist underground in government had power to exercise profound influence on American foreign policy and the policies of international organizations during World War II and the years immediately thereafter. 2. They had power to exercise profound influence on the creation and operation of the United Nations and its specialized agencies. 3. This power was not limited to their officially designated authority. It was inherent in their access to and influence over higher officials, and the opportunities they had to present or withhold information on which the policies of their superiors might be based. 4. Hiss, White, and a considerable number of their colleagues who helped make American foreign policy and policies of international organizations during crucial years have been exposed as secret Communist agents. RADIO OPERATORS AND NAVY FILES 1. The Departmental Qualification Board for Commercial Radio Communications Personnel of the United States Navy was established by law on December 8, 1941, to protect the people of the United States against subversive activity by radio operators serving at sea in the American merchant marine. The Board carried out its duty by removing potentially subversive radio operators from ships at sea. 2. The Board found that among these potentially subversive operators were several hundred Communists. It instituted proceedings to remove them from their ships. 3. Communist protests against the removal of Communist radio operators were brought to the attention of the assistant to the Secretary of the Navy.. 4. The assistant to the Secretary of the Navy criticized the policy of removing Communist radio operators and took the matter before the Secretary who, in turn, took it to the President of the United States. 5. The assistant to the Secretary, the Secretary himself, and the President had full knowledge that there was widespread Communist infiltration among radio operators and that it probably included, "the president, the vice president, and possibly other officers" of the American Communications Association. 6. The President and the Secretary of the Navy had full knowledge that members of the Communist Party, U. S. A., "seemed more loyal to Russia than to the United States." Regardless of this, the Secretary of the Navy reported that it was the President's view that "considering the fact that the United States and Russia were allies at this time and that the Communist Party and the United States efforts were now bent toward winning the war, the United States was bound to not oppose the activities of the Communist Party, and specifically to not disapprove the employment of any radio operator for the sole reason that he was a member of the Communist Party or that he was active in Communist Party affairs." 7. The President, through the Secretary of the Navy, orally ordered the Departmental Qualification Board for Commercial Radio Communications Personnel to reverse its previous policy in order to permit the employment of Communists as radio operators in the merchant marine. The Board asked for written instructions authorizing it to reverse its previous policy, but no written instructions were ever transmitted to the Board. Shortly thereafter, the Board was abolished. 8. This policy of protecting American Communists, which was established as a matter of wartime expediency by the President and the Secretary of the Navy, weakened the security program in the United States Navy. 9. This policy had grave effects in other areas. Substantially, it notified the U. S. S. R. and the Communist Party, U. S. A., that American Communists operating in our midst constituted a specially favored category of citizens not subject to legal restrictions and penalties of other American citizens, but to be dealt with strictly in accord with the current relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. 10. Communist files were destroyed or immobilized in the First and Third Naval Districts. Anti-Communist units in these districts were abolished. RECOMMENDATIONS THE ARMY'S INFORMATION AND EDUCATION PROGRAM 1. The teaching of traditional American doctrines and beliefs to the members of the United States Armed Forces and the explanation of the causes for which they are asked to fight are a major function in the whole effort of the United States to keep itself free. Those who conduct this teaching occupy posts of the highest sensitivity. Consequently, they should be subject to the most rigid security standards. UNITED STATES CITIZENS IN COMMUNIST CHINA 1. Appropriate administrative, legislative, and judicial steps should be taken so that no American national may, without fear of retribution, give aid and comfort to a nation engaged in armed combat with the Armed Forces of the United States. SUBVERSION IN POLICYMAKING 1. The State and Treasury Departments should immediately institute comprehensive studies to determine the whole extent of the policymaking activities of Alger Hiss, Harry Dexter White, and other State and Treasury officials who have been exposed as members of the Communist underground. 2. These studies should be under the control and direction of per |