casu aliquo prostratæ, i. e. violenter, and hence we understand why they occupy so emphatic a position in the verse. See also infra, vv. 115, 130, 386, 1013, where xig is found in precisely the same sense. Kühn. Gr. Gr. 621. 3. f, ed. Jelf. αὐτοῖς ποιμνίων ἐπιστάταις. SUIDAS: ἐπιστάτις. Σοφοκλῆς, ποιμνίων ἐπιστάταις. τουτέστι τοῖς κυσί. This interpretation was probably given in order to prevent Aias from the imputation of a wanton and unnecessary murder, and seems to have obtained the approval of the author of the following scholion to v. 225: OUTOL γὰρ ἐνόμιζον καὶ ποιμένας αυτὸν ἀνηρηκέναι. More correctly the Schol. Rom. : ἐπιστάταις· τοῖς ποιμέσι· καλῶς δὲ τοῦτο, ἵνα μὴ παραγένοιτό τις ἀπαγγέλλων τὸ σαφές. πόθεν οὖν αὕτη ἡ ὑπόνοια ; ὅτι εἶδέν τις αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ πηδῶντα μετὰ τοῦ ξίφους νεαροῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος. The poet evinces great judgment in speaking of the slaughter of the herdsmen; for if this had not happened, they would at once have given such information as would have convicted Aias of the outrage, and rendered all search after the author of the butchery quite unnecessary. In defence of the application of the word rάrns to the shepherds of the Grecian flocks, Lobeck aptly cites Plat. Legg. X. 906. A, ToiμvíwvέTIOTάTHIS. So, too, the shepherd in the Edipus Tyrannus, v. 1028, ἐνταῦθ ̓ ὀρείοις ποιμνίοις TOTάTOV, and frequently in Plato, where we also read, Apol. 20. B, μόσχων ή πώλων ἐπιστάτην λαβεῖν καὶ μισθώσασθαι. On the dative, see Matth. 405. Obs. 3.

28. airíav véμri. So Aldus with the MSS. generally. The MSS. La. Lb. Aug. C. exhibit rgir, the latter, however, with viμs suprascriptum. Valcknaer to Eur. Hippol. p. 306 believes this variation to be due to the introduction into the text of the gloss sis avròv rgizu, which appears upon the margin of several other ancient copies. Cf. infra, v. 488, nanov nsiv τε κἀμοὶ τοῦτ ̓, ὅταν θάνης, νεμεῖς. Galen de Plenit. c. XI. 346. Τ. VII. οὐκ ἴσην ἅπασι νέμει τὴν αἰτίαν. On oy used as a conjunction in the sense of then, thus then, see Kühn. 737. 3, ed. Jelf.; Ellendt's Lex. Soph. S. v. III.

30. ПIndwvra widía, bounding over the plains. On the accusative, consult the learned note of Lobeck, Elmsley to Eur Bacch. 307, and compare infra, vv. 274, 803. Eur. Bacch. 1. c. яndavτa.. λána. Some of the more recent MSS. have pretation of the Scholiast.

diw, which is evidently derived from the inter

31. Φράζει σε κἀδήλωσεν. On the intermingling of the present and aorist, Porson to Eur. Hek. 21 observes, that the Greek Tragedians so frequently employ different tenses in the same sentence as to warrant the

belief that such variations are the result of design. Cf. Eur. Hek. 266, κείνη γὰρ ὤλεσέν νιν, εἰς Τροίαν τ' ἄγει. The same observation applies also to the Latin poets. Thus Virg. Æn. II. 12, Quanquam animus meminisse horret luctuque refugit.

32. καὶ τὰ μὲν σημαίνομαι. SCHOL. : οἷον σημεῖα ἐμαυτῷ τινα συντίθημι ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴχνους, τὰ δὲ ἀπορῶ. Hence Ellendt observes, with regard to the first of the two explanations given by Suidas, σηματίζομαι, διὰ σημείων yiyvoxw, that the employment of the middle verb gives rather this turn to the meaning, in meos usus signa colligo, i. e. in order to draw my own inferences, or to further my own plans. Comp. Oppian. Kyn. 1. 453, μυξωτῆρσι κύνες πανίχνια σημήναντο. Lobeck observes that the Attic orators employed τεκμαίρομαι, and later authors σηματίζομαι in precisely the same signification.

33. Tà d' ixxírλnyμas. See Kühn. 550, ed. Jelf. More usually the preposition dia is placed before the accus., as at Thuk. 7. 21. The footmarks which occasioned this embarrassment were those of the cattle Aias had driven to his tent. κοὐκ ἔχω μαθεῖν ὅτου. Mr. Porson mentions (Advers. p. 101) that a MS. of Suidas reads noux ixw pubriv öxov. If this is the true reading, the sense is, I am not able to learn where he is. Comp. vv. 6, 7. This tragedy contains two other examples of the same expression : v. 103, ἦ τοὐπίτριπτον κίναδος ἐξήρου μὲ ὅπου; v. 845, ἀλλ ̓ ἀμενηνὸν ἄνδρα μὴ λεύσσειν ὅπου. So also Ed. Tyr. 926, Μάλιστα δ ̓ αὐτὸν εἴπατ ̓ εἰ κάτισθ ̓ ὅπου. Antig. 318, Τί δέ; ῥυθμίζεις τὴν ἐμὴν λύπην ὅπου ; Read also Ed. Kol. 1217, Λυπᾶς ἐγγυτέρω· τὰ τέρποντα δ ̓ οὐκ ἂν ἴδοις ὅπου, ὅταν τις, cett. ELMSLEY. "Orov is also read in the MS. Laur. B. m. pr., and is supported by the interpretation of the Scholiast, oux xw ὅπως μάθω ποῦ ἐστιν, as also by its adaptation to the verses immediately preceding. Hermann, however, denies this, observing, "non enim ubi Aias sit quaerit (Ulysses), sed cujus hominis esse facinus illud dicat. Id patet ex iis, quæ sequuntur." Whence the words "illud facinus are derived it is useless to inquire, since they are not to be found in the language of the poet; but, admitting for the moment that this is his meaning, it is hard to say why such an explanation should be esteemed preferable to the sense given by the other. Nevertheless rov, the reading of the MSS. generally, and also of most Edd. of Suidas, must be retained. On the ellipse of lo, see infra, vv. 103, 118; Kühn. 376, ed. Jelf; on the genitive, Ibid. 483, unless we should rather explain κοὐκ ἔχω ὅτου (or παρ ̓ ὅτου) μαθεῖν, nec habeo a quo discam, by a construction similar to that found at Ed. Kol. 571, ὅταν μάθης μου.

Cf. Arist. Avv. 1672; Eur.

σῇ κυβερνῶμαι χερί. This rare as some suppose. Cf.

Ib.

34. Καιρόν, οpportune. See below, v. 1254; Eur. Hel. 487 ; Kühn. 579, 580. 2. The prose-writers almost invariably, and the poets very frequently, add a preposition, generally is. Phœn. 105; Hipp. 899; infra, 1111. word is here used tropically, which is not so Xen. Kyr. 1. 15, ὥστε ἀεὶ τῇ αὐτοῦ γνώμῃ ἀξιοῦν κυβερνᾶσθαι. 8. 8. 1, τοσαύτη δὲ γενομένη μια γνώμῃ τῇ Κυροῦ ἐκυβερνᾶτο. Pyth. 5. 122, Διός τοι νόος μέγας κυβερνᾷ δαίμον ̓ ἀνδρῶν φίλων. Id. Fragm. 130, γλυκεῖα ἐλπίς, ἃ μάλιστα θνατῶν πολύστροφον γνώ μαν κυβερνᾷ. Antiph. ap. Athen. 10. p. 444. C, διὰ φλεβῶν πᾶς κυβερνᾶται βίος. Wunder observes that the phrase κυβερνᾶν τινα πάντα, Οι κυβερνᾶσθαι ὑπό τινος πάντα, closely resembles the expression ὑπηρετεῖν τινι πάντα, equivalent to πᾶν ὑπηρέτημα ὑπηρετεῖν τινι.

37. Τῇ σῇ

.....

.....

Pind.

κυνηγίᾳ. SCHOL. : ἀντὶ τοῦ τῆς σῆς κυνηγίας, which reading is exhibited by the Cod. Pal., is adscriptum in Codd. Δ. and Par., and is preferred by H. Stephanus and Wesseling. A genitivus objectivus is found with πρόθυμος in Elektr. 3, ὧν πρόθυμος ἦσθ ̓ ἀεί. The form κυνηγιά is found in Aristot. Rhet. 1. 14, and often in the later prosewriters, as also in Eur. Bacch. 339, where, however, Elmsley and Matthiä write κυναγίαις, because the Tragedians, even in senarii, invariably employ the Doric form κυναγός. Cf. Æsch. Agam. 694, Eur. Hipp. 1397, Suppl. 888, Phon. 1177, Iph. T. 284, Soph. Elekt. 553. Add Phrynicus, p. 428: Κυνηγός· οἱ μὲν τραγικοὶ ποιηταὶ . . δωρίζουσι, τὸ ἢ εἰς ἅ μετα τιθέντες κυναγός, where see Lobeck. The ordo verborum is : καὶ πάλαι εἰς ὁδὸν ἔβην, φύλαξ πρόθυμος τῇ σῇ κυνηγίᾳ. With the sentiment compare Hom. Od. v. 47 : διαμπερές ἥ σε φυλάσσω ἐν πάντεσσι πόνοις.

.....

38. Η καί. Cf. infra, 44, 48, 97. The first of these particles can only be rendered by the question. See Ellendt's Lex. Soph. I. 749; Hartung's Griech. Partik. I. 133.

39. Supply from the preceding verse: πρὸς καιρὸν πονεῖς· ὡς κ. τ. λ. Cf. Matth. Gr. Gr. 628. 5 ; Elmsl. to Eur. Med. 596. The omission of such a clause is frequent in Tragic dialogue. Hermann has received the writing of two MSS. : ἔργα τοῦδε in place of τοῦδε τάργα. 40. Καὶ πρὸς τί δυσλόγιστον. SCHOL.: ἐπύθετο πρῶτον, εἰ αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ δράσας, εἶτα καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν πυνθάνεται· τὸ δὲ δυσλόγιστον ὅμοιον τῷ Πρᾶ. γος ἄσκοπον· ἀγνοεῖ γὰρ ἔτι τὴν μανίαν. Lobeck, referring δυσλόγιστον to the interrogative pronoun, explains, τί δ' ἐστὶ τὸ δυσλόγιστον, πρὸς ὅ. ..... Wunder connects it with the verb ᾖξεν, and has followed Ruhnken, Ep. Crit. I. 33, in writing χερί. That the accus. χέρα may stand

has been shown by Lobeck, who, in his learned observations on this verse has demonstrated from a cloud of examples that this usage is borne out by a similar construction with the verbs πάλλειν, δινεῖν, θοάζειν, etc., and by Porson to Eur. Or. 1427, aügav aloowv, whose note I cite in full. "Some very learned men, Wesseling, Ruhnken, Pierson, are so offended with the employment of this word alσ in an active signification, that both in our own passage, and in Eur. Bacch. 147 and elsewhere, they change it into aitúra, while in Soph. Ai. 40, Ruhnken substitutes xsgi for xiga. But verbs which denote motion take legitimately an accus. of the instrument or member, which is chiefly used. So πᾶ πόδ ̓ ἐπᾷξας, Eur. Hek. 1054, where wóda is much more conveniently understood than ποδί. Ibid. 53, περᾷ πόδω. Among the Attics βαίνω is a neuter verb; nevertheless Euripides in Elektr. 94, 1182, has said Baive moda. Moreover Aristophanes, Eccles. 161, οὐκ ἂν προβαίην τὸν πόδα τὸν ἕτερον. Ibid. 1475, Μυκηνίδ ̓ ἀρβύλαν κροβάς. Eur. Phan. 1427, Προβὰς δὲ κῶλον δεξιόν. Heracl. 802, inßàs róda. Sophokles in a MS. Photius in a note on Hesych. under "Oxos 'Ansσraios. Suid. under Ὄχανον. Ὄχοις ̓Ακε. σταίοισιν ἐμβεβὼς πόδα. But it may be urged, although aloσuv xiga may probably be right, does it follow that aloov augav, póya is so? I reply, that the verb alors is certainly active; since, not to mention Homer, Sophokles in Ed. Kol. 1621 employs its passive aloooμa." Consult also Herm. to Vig. p. 896; Kühn. Gr. Gr. 558. 2, ed Jelf. The declaration of Wunder in his Recens. des Ai. von Lobeck, p. 12 ff., that the accus. is not Greek, has been ably refuted by Hermann in Zimmerm. Zeitschr. f. Alterth. 1838, p. 362 ff.

41. Twv 'Axiaλsíwv özλwv, on account of the arms of Achilles, i. e. their being denied to him. The genitive has been explained by a supposed ellipse of ex or xág, but see Herm. ad Vig. p. 878, Kühn. Gr. Gr. 488, ed. Jelf, and compare Pind. Nem. 7, 36: où nev öπ λ wv xoxwθεὶς ὁ καρτερὸς Αἴας ἔπαξε διὰ φρενῶν λευρὸν ξίφος ; Soph. Trach. 269, ὧν ἔχων χόλον; Philokt. 328, τίνος γὰρ ὧδε τὸν μέγαν χόλον κατ ̓ αὐτῶν ἐγκαλῶν ἐλήλυθας ; Eur. Alkest. 5, οὗ δὴ χολωθείς; The passages cited by Wunder from Cicero and Florus in illustration of the employment of the genitive are entirely inappropriate.

42. Tývd' itsμTíæru fáσiv; does he make this hasty inroad (or attack) upon the cattle? Erfurdt and Hermann (ad Vig. p. 739, 195) incorrectly explain the construction ἐπεμπίπτειν βάσιν as identical with that of the expression exodus idov, whilst Matthiä (Gr. Gr. 408) and Rost (Gr. 104, 3. not. 4, 2), with equal inaccuracy, direct us to supply the prepo

sition κατά.

The use of the accusative is, however, to be referred to such constructions as are explained in Kühn. 556. b, ed. Jelf. The expression, which is eminently Sophoklean, is for βαίνειν (or ἐπιβαίνειν) βάσιν, and may be compared with the formulæ, πήδημα πηδάν, πεσὼν πήδημα = πέσημα, Eur. Troad. 750; KÉTTWne #Túμara, Soph. Antig. 1045; ávάoTαoiv Orava, Philokt. 275. In place of Báo, the introduction of some substantive signifying an attack or hostile inroad might have been expected, but the poet sufficiently conveys this notion by the use of the verb ἐπεμπίπτειν. Lobeck aptly quotes Trach. 339, Tou μe rývd' ¿pioracaι Báoi; Eur. Phon. 300, γονυπετεῖς ἕδρας σε προσπιτνῶ.

43. χεῖρα χραίνεσθαι φόνῳ. That χραίνεσθαι is here used of mere physical defilement is evident from v. 428, below: wor' by Tolołode Xɛłęαs αἱμάξαι βοτοῖς ; Asch. Theb. 324, καπνῷ χραίνεται πόλισμα ; Eur. Ι. Α. 971, σίδηρον χραίνεσθαι αἵματι. Cf. Pors. ad Eur. Orest. 909. Elsewhere this verb denotes moral pollution, as at Ed. Tyr. 822, Eur. Hippol. 1266, Hek. 666, on which signification, see Ruhnken ad Tim. p. 276.

44. Bouλsvu', consilium. The two Laurentian manuscripts read Boúanu”, which is approved by Musgrave, and supported by the testimony of the Scholiast to Aristoph. Plut. v. 490. Wesseling believes that βούλευμα denotes a public decree; fouλnua, on the other hand, a private purpose or design; but this opinion is in opposition to the explicit statement of the Scholiast just mentioned : βούλευμα μὲν τὸ ἴδιον, βούλημα δὲ τοῦ δημοσίου ἡ γνώμη. On the frequent interchange of these words in the manuscripts, see Lobeck to this verse; Intpp. to Ar. Plut. 1. c.; Stallbaum to Plat. Phileb. p. 103; and on the formula ¿s iπí, Kühn. Gr. Gr. 626, Obs. 1, ed. Jelf; Zeun. ad Vig. p. 567.

45. Käviiπgažev. The MS. Laur. a. ižaręážar', but with the correction γρ. ἐξέπραξεν. Cf. d. Kol. 945, τοὔργον τόδ ̓ ἐξέπραξα ; Antig. 303, ἐξέπραξαν ὡς δοῦναι δίκην ; Æsch. Pers. 720, καὶ τόδ ̓ ἐξέπραξε. On the force of naí in answers, see Kühn. Gr. Gr. 880. i, ed. Jelf; and on the conditional construction of the whole sentence, Ibid. 856. The verb xarαμλ, used in the same absolute sense, to be heedless or neglectful, occurs below, v. 863; Xen. Anab. 5. 8. 1; Plat. Tim. p. 41, D.; Id. Hipp. M. p. 238. Α, ἄρχων αἱρεθεὶς κατημέλει.

46. Ποίαισι τόλμαις ταῖσδε.... On the coalition of the relative sentence with the interrogation, for ποῖαι ἦσαν αἵδε τόλμαι, αἷς ἐξέπραξεν ἄν, see Kühn. 881, ed. Jelf.; Ed. Kol. 388; and compare the Homeric formula olov Tòv μubov testes; Brunck renders qua audacia; whilst Wunder, asserting