Imagini ale paginilor
PDF
ePub

ings of Homer and other poets. See II. 2. 358 ; Theokrit. 15. 138. “ The Scholiasts hesitate as to the derivation of the adjective ὠμοκρατής, some considering it a compound of ὠμός and others of ὦμος, ὁ διὰ τῶν ὤμων κρατεῖν δυνάμενος. Moschopulus, Sched. p. 184, ὁ ἐν τοῖς ὤμοις τὸ κράτος ἔχων.” LOBECK. All uncertainty as to the true epexegesis of this word will be removed by comparing v. 1189 below, οὐ γὰρ οἱ πλατεῖς οὐδ ̓ εὐρύνωτοι φῶτες ἀσφαλέστατοι, with Priam's inquiry in reference to Aias in Il. 3. 225, Τίς τ ̓ ἄρ ̓ ὅδ ̓ ἄλλος ̓Αχαιὸς ἀνὴρ ἠΰς τε μέγας τε Ἔξοχος ̓Αργείων κεφαλήν τε καὶ εὐρέας ὤμους. Even in the comparatively insignificant delineation of personal peculiarities, the Tragedians built upon the Epos.

207. Τί δ' ἐνήλλακται. SCHOL. : τί αὐτῷ παρὰ τὴν ἡμερινὴν ὄχλησιν γέγονε βάρος; οἷον ἐν τίνι γέγονεν ὁ Αἴας βάρει, ὥστε ἀλλοῖος γενέσθαι πρόσθεν ἢ κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν; τί αὐτῷ βάρος ἐνήλλακται αὕτη ἡ νύξ; τῆς ἁμερίας· δὲ ἀημερίας (γρ. αἰμερίας Γ.), ἀντὶ τῆς ἀηδοῦς φορᾶς· καὶ ἔσται ὁ νοῦς· ποῖον βάρος ἔλαβεν αὕτη ἡ νύξ ἀπὸ τῆς προτέρας ἀηδίας ; Triclinius ex

γρ

plains τίνα βαρεῖαν ἐναλλαγὴν ἥδε ἡ νύξ ἐνήλλακται τῆς ἁμερίας καὶ τῆς ἡμερίνης καταστάσεως; quam malam mutationem diurnus Ajacis status hac nocte subiit ? To this interpretation the only objection appears to be that alleged by Hermann, that καταστάσεως is somewhat too far-fetched, and he would therefore substitute gas, as directed by Musgrave, who compares the similar ellipse in the expressions ἡ πρωΐα and ἡ ἑωθινή. So Hom. Od. 4. 447, πᾶσαν δ ̓ ἠοίην μένομεν τετληότι θυμῷ ; Androm. Ther. p. 36, T. XIV., κατ ̓ ὀρφναίην τε καὶ ἠῶ ; Liban. Decl. T. III. 153, ἡ θέρειος ; Hippokr. Prorrh. II. 188, Τ. Ι. ὑπὸ τὴν θερείην, for which we find ἡ θέρειος ὥρα, Ælian, H. A. II. 25. See Bernhardy, Synt. p. 187. Render, therefore, What disastrous change hath this night made, or brought upon the day? In place of ἁμερίας, Dindorf has edited ἡμερίας, as the more ancient reading, and conjectures that the erroneous writing ἀημερίας originated from the Doric a being written above the more genuine ἡμερίας. Ενήλλακται seems to have been generally employed in an active rather than a passive signification. See Bernhardy, Synt p. 178. Diod. Fragm. L. Χ. p. 65, ἐγένετο βασίλισσα ἰδιωτικῆς ἑστίας ἐξηλλαγμένη ἡγεμονίαν.

209. Παῖ τοῦ Φρυγίοιο Τελεύταντος. The majority of the manuscripts and old edd. Φρυγίου, which is defended by Lobeck, Schäfer, Erfurdt, Wunder, and Matthiä. "Porson's tacit emendation (ad Eur. Hek. 120), Παῖ τοῦ Φρυγίου σὺ Τελεύταντος, is rejected with contempt by both Lobeck and Erfurdt, the former of whom seems half inclined to believe that Porson's insertion of r was a mere slip of the pen. These editors defend

the common reading by the comparison of the well-known senarii of Æschylus, which begin with the words Ιππομέδοντος and Παρθενοπαῖος (Theb. 488, 547). They ought to have recollected that these two proper names cannot be admitted at all into the tragic senarius without a violation of the metre. The anapast, which the tragic poets usually employ on these occasions, causes as great a violation of the ordinary rules of the metre, as the trochee, which Eschylus has admitted in these two instances. The proper name Teλsúravros, on the contrary, is perfectly well adapted to the measure in which it is used, especially if the last syllable be lengthened by position, as it is in the present instance. 'Evλλaxta, a word of exactly the same quantity, occurs in the next preceding line but one. So, also, 'Egxdav, v. 201, and víþjńyvu, v. 236. Honest Bothe, who does not seem to have been aware of Porson's emendation, goes a shorter way to work, and bravely cuts out Trλsúravros, leaving only the words Пaï τοῦ Φρυγίου. He observes, that, from Tekmessa's account of her family (vv. 463, 464), her father appears to have been so great a man, that he may fairly be called the Phrygian xar'¿1⁄2oxv. In the same manner, we presume, as Buonaparte is called the Corsican. Leaving this solution of the difficulty to the consideration of our readers, we shall content ourselves with mentioning, for the comfort of such of them as prefer Porson's emendation, that another instance of the omission of ou after a word ending with ou may be found in his Adversaria, p. 65. In the tragedy before us, one manuscript omits ou after ou, v. 1044." ELMSLEY. The emendation of Porson has been adopted by Hermann, Gaisford, Apitz, and others. Bentley suggested TrλλsúTavros, which Brunck received, and this is actually written in three manuscripts. Cf. Matth. Gr. Gr. 19. c. We have followed Jaeger in admitting the Ionic termination of the genitive. Cf. Antig. 100; Wunder to Ed. Tyr, 1070 and 1191.

210. ἐπεί σε, κ. τ. λ.

SCHOL. : ἐπεί σε ἔχει ὁ Αἴας δοριάλωτον, στέρξας τὸ λέχος σου· ἢ ἀλλ ̓ ἐπεί σε ἀνέχει ὁ Αἴας, τὸ δοριάλωτον σου στέρξας λέχος. ἀνέχει δὲ ἀντὶ τοῦ ἔχει· παρέλκεται γὰρ ἡ ἀνά. ἄμεινον στέρξασαν γρα On the great diversity exhibited by the manuscripts in regard to the forms δουριάλωτος and δοριάλωτος, see Blomfield to sch. Agam. 115, and Lobeck to this line. The Scholiast errs in supposing that vé is placed here for the simple xv. On the contrary, it possesses far more significance, imparting, in connection with the participle, this sense: Since thee, a spear-won bride, impetuous Aias constantly has loved. Eur. Hek. 119, τῆς μαντιπόλου βάκχης ἀνέχων Λέκτρ' ̓Αγαμέμνων ; Alkest. 311, τούτους ἀνάσχου δεσπότας ἐμῶν δόμων ; Cd. Kol. 674, τὸν οἰνῶπ ̓ ἀνέ

χουσα κισσόν, of the nightingale ; Pind. Pyth. 2. 88, χρὴ δὲ πρὸς θεὸν οὐκ ἐρίζειν, ὃς ἀνέχει ποτὲ μὲν τὰ κείνων, τοτ ̓ αὖθ ̓ ἑτέροις ἔδωκεν μέγα κῦδος, where ανέχει is usually regarded as equivalent to ἀνυψοῖς τιμᾷ, although its own stricter meaning, to uphold, is, to say the least, equally appropriate. With the sentiment, compare Hor. Od. 2. 4. 5, movit Ajacem Telamone natum Forma captivæ dominum Tecmessæ.

212. Ὥστε....ἂν.... ὑπείποις. The potential optative with ὤν, in the accessorial signification of purpose and aim, is frequently found in dependent clauses with ὡς, ὥστε, ὅτι, without reference to the time of the principal verb, where the same form would also stand in the oratio recta. Xen. Mem. 4. 4. 14, διάφορον οὖν τι οἴει ποιεῖν, τοὺς τοῖς νόμοις πειθομένους φαυλίζων, ὅτι καταλυθεῖεν ἂν οἱ νόμοι, ἢ εἰ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς πολέμιοις εὐτακτοῦντας ψέγοις, ὅτι γένοιτ' ἂν εἰρήνη; In this view, our passage would yield the following sense, because thou wilt not ignorantly reply. There is, however, in all probability, a reference to some suppressed condition, as Ellendt supposes. Below, v. 1280, ὥστ ̓ οὐκ ἂν ἐνδίκως γ ̓ ἀτι· μάζοιτό σοι. See Ed. Tyr. 857; Kühner's Gr. Gr. 865, ed. Jelf.

214. ἐκπεύσει, you will learn as the result of your inquiries. Wunder aptly quotes Cd. Kol. 529, θάνατος μὲν τάδ ̓ ἀκούειν.

216. Νύκτερος, in the night. The adjective in apposition with the subject of the sentence is substituted for an adverb or a preposition with its case, in order to give greater emphasis and attract more attention to the statement. Cf. Antig. 785, φοιτᾶς ὑπερπόντιος, for ὑπὲρ τὸν πόντον ; Cd. Tyr. 32, ἐφέστιοι ἑζέμεθα, for ἐπὶ τῇ ἑστίᾳ ; Philoht. 808, ἥδε (νόσος) μοι ὀξεῖα φοιτᾷ καὶ ταχεῖ ̓ ἀπέρχεται, for οξέως, ταχέως. ἀπελωβήθη.

SCHOL. : ἐνυβρίσθη καὶ λωβητὸς γέγονεν. Eustathius, p. 920. 2 : τὸ ἀπητίμησε περιττὴν ἔχει τὴν πρόθεσιν, ὡς τὸ ἀπελωβήθη παρὰ Σοφοκλεί. On the contrary, the preposition is not redundant, but imparts energy and the notion of completion to the meaning of the simple verb, has been thoroughly disgraced. So ἐξελωβήθην, Philokt. 330. On the passive force possessed by many deponent verbs, in correspondence with their existing or implied active meaning, see Elmsley to Eur. Herakl. 757; Hermann to Antig. 23.

218. Χειροδάϊκτα σφάγι' αἱμοβαφή. With the accumulated adjectives, compare Eur. Med. 208, λιγυρὰ δ ̓ ἄχεα μογερὰ βοᾷ ; Id. 214, ἐφ ̓ ἁλο μυρὰν Πόντου κλῇδ ̓ ἀπέραντον ; Id. 822, ἱερᾶς χώρας ἀπορθήτου ; Phan. 191, κεραύνιόν τε πῦρ αἰθαλόεν.

219. Κείνου χρηστήρια. SCHOL.: τὰ τολμήματα καὶ πράξεις· ἢ τὰ διεφθαρμένα ποίμνια, παρὰ τὸ διαχρήσασθαι αὐτά· δηλοῖ δὲ ἡ λέξις καὶ τὸ

μαντεῖον, καὶ τὸν χρησμὸν, καὶ τὸ ἱερεῖον.

The last is the true interpreta

tion, as is shown by Esch. Theb. 212, where the Scholiast remarks, Tò

σφάγια καὶ χρηστήρια ἐκ παραλλήλου, οὐ γὰρ μόνον χρηστήρια τὰ μαντεύματα ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ θύματα. Even in this sense, the word would seem strictly to denote victims slain before consulting the gods.

From

220. ἀνδρὸς αἴθοπος ἀγγελίαν. Such is the reading exhibited by Suidas s. Atomos, the majority of the manuscripts, and the Scholiast. the language of Eustathius, p. 862. 10, φέρεται αἴθων βοῦς καὶ σίδηρος καὶ ἄνθρωπος καὶ λέων· αἴθοψ δὲ οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν λέγοιτ ̓ ἂν, ἀλλὰ τοὔνομα οἴνῳ μέλανι ἐπιτίθεται (where he appears to deny that alloψ can be employed as an epithet of either animate or inanimate objects except to indicate their color), and at p. 1072. 6, aïtwv åvng magà Zopoxasī, it may be inferred that he found abwvos in his copy, and this writing is preserved in the MSS. T. Barocc. A. B. Heidelb., and in some others, as also in Aldus and the old editions, to the manifest destruction of the metre. The MS. Laur. a. aïovos, with suprascriptum, as Dindorf, believing that the penult of proper names and adjectives terminating in wv may be written with a short vowel in the genitive, had already edited from conjecture. The grammatical point just stated has been investigated by Lobeck with his usual ability, in a note of immense learning, which furnishes the most conclusive proof that no appellative word can be inflected in two ways, that is, by wvos and ovos, in writers of the same dialect. The Scholiast explains as follows: αἴθοπος· διαπύρου, θερμοῦ ἐν ταῖς μάχαις· ἢ τὸ θερμὸν νῦν ἐπὶ τοῦ παρακεκινηκότος κείσθω. The dictum of Eustathius quoted above is clearly overthrown by the fact, that albo is used as an epithet of is in Hes. Opp. 363, of xaλxós in Id. Scut. Her. 135, of Barnavia in Agath. Epigr. XIV. 10, of the 'Ido in Nonn. 18. 176. Compare Silius It. 6. 208, igneus in pugnas; Cic. Bulb. 15, duo fulmina imperii; Virg. Æn. 11. 746, Volat igneus æquore Tarchon. With reason, therefore, does Lobeck inquire why we should hesitate to believe that the adjective al may be applied, in the same way as our own epithet “fiery," to denote a man of passionate disposition and who is quickly roused to wrath, to such a one as, in the ordinary language of the Greeks, was termed quos and diάugos. That other adjectives ending in - and -ons were transferred from their strict use, as descriptive of physical peculiarities, to illustrate mental dispositions and qualities, may be learnt from v. 902 below, xedaváπav buμov, and the numerous examples cited by Lobeck in his note to that passage. With the genitive, compare below, ν. 942, Οξεία γάρ σου βάξις ; Thuk. 8. 15, ἀγγελία τῆς Χίου ; 1. 140, τὸ

Μεγαρέων ψήφισμα, for which we read, in c. 139, τὸ περὶ Μεγαρέων ψή φισμα ; Xen. Mem. 2. 7. 13, ὁ τοῦ κυνὸς λόγος. Heinrich to Cic. Orat. fr. p. 95; Spohn, Lectt. Theokr. 1. p. 17.

Περίο

Wun

223. τὸ προσέρπον. SCHOL.: τὸ ἀποβησόμενον. Cf. Asch. Prom. 127, πᾶν μοι φοβερὸν τὸ προσέρπον ; v. 272, τὰς προσερπούσας τύχας. φαντος ἁνήρ. SCHOL. : φανερός ἐστιν, ὅτι ταῦτα ἑαυτὸν διαθήσει. In construction, περίφαντος must be joined with θανεῖται. (Ed. Tyr. 506, φανερὰ ἦλθε ; Antig. 520, λήθουσά μ' ἐξέπινες. See note to v. 216 supra. der, referring to v. 242 below, would prefer to the ordinary rendering: videbimus eum mori, or ante omnium oculos morietur. We have received without hesitation Hermann's emendation &νής, in place of ἀνήρ, the reading of the books.

224. παραπλήκτῳ.

SCHOL.: τῇ μανικῇ. παραπλὴξ γὰρ ὁ μανικός. Melanipp. ap. Athen. p. 429. C, ἐμφὰ παράπληκτος. It is applied in the same sense to persons by the LXX. in Deuteron. xxviii. 34. Hermann has retained the punctuation of Aldus, and placed a comma after χερί. The preposition in συγκατακτάς indicates the joint slaughter of the cattle and their shepherds. See note to v. 27 supra.

225. Κελαινοῖς ξίφεσιν. On the enallage of number, so frequent in Greek writers, not merely with appellative, but with abstract or material nouns, see Krüger, Griech. Sprachl. 44. 3, Anm. 5; and compare Pind. Pyth. 4. 431, Φρίξου μάχαιραι ; Eur. Ion. 191, ὕδραν ἐναίρει χρυσαῖς ἅρπαις ; Manetho, 1. 316, σφαγίοις ξίφεσιν δεδαϊγμένος. The employment of the plural by the poets originated, in all probability, from a wish to give weight or prominence to the idea. Aristot. Rhet. III. 6, εἰς ὄγκον τῆς λέξεως (ad sermonis granditatem) συμβάλλεται τὸ ἓν πολλὰ ποιεῖν. In place of ἱππονώμας all the manuscripts and old editions exhibit ἱππονόμους. Porson, in Adv. p. 186, first restored the genuine reading, indistinct traces of which, according to Elmsley and Gaisford, are found in the MS. Laur. a., on the authority of Eur. Hipp. 1399, οὐδ ̓ ἱππονώμας οὐδ ̓ ἀγαλμάτων φύλαξ, and Ar. Nub. 571, τὸν θ ̓ ἱππονώμαν. The art by which the poet represents the Chorus, in the preceding lines, as already filled with gloomy apprehension respecting the life of Aias, in consequence of the intelligence it has just received, and intimates to the spectators the catastrophe which subsequently happens, has excited the admiration of all students of this play.

226. Ωμοι . . . . ἡμῖν.

SCHOL.: ὡς οἰκοροῦσα τὰ ἔξω ἢ Τέκμησσα ἀγνοεῖ· δεῖ οὖν τὸν χορὸν τὰ μὲν ἔνδον ἀπ ̓ αὐτῆς γνῶναι, τὴν δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ χοροῦ τὰ ἔξω.

« ÎnapoiContinuă »