OF THE BIBLE BEING A REVIEW OF THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY WITH A DESCRIPTION OF EVERY ANIMAL AND PLANT MENTIONED Fenry BY THE LATE H. B. TRISTRAM, D.D., LL.D., F.R.S. CANON OF DURHAM AUTHOR OF 'BIBLE PLACES,' 'THE LAND OF Israel,' etc. TENTH EDITION LONDON SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE NEW YORK: E. S. GORHAM 1911 PREFACE. WHATEVER may be original in the following pages is the result of careful investigation of the Natural History of the Holy Land, carried on for months in the country itself. Especial attention has also been paid to the present vernacular of the country, in which the writer has discovered many Hebrew names scarcely changed in form. So far the work may lay claim to novelty. Nor is it in other respects a compilation. In the field of critical research the writer has carefully referred to the highest and latest authorities, while among older writers he has had such predecessors as Bochart and Olav Celsius, authors inaccessible to English readers, but to whose massive learning and colossal labours he is deeply indebted. The main object of the present volume has been to illustrate, not technically, but popularly, every allusion to Natural History in the Holy Scripture, by the actual condition of the country, and by the character of its existing products, zoological and botanical. For this special purpose, the writer spent nearly a year in the Holy Land in 1863-4, accompanied by botanical and zoological collectors,* and made extensive collections in every branch of Natural History. During some months, the spare hours of a very scanty leisure Mr. B. T. Lowne, M.R.C.S., and Mr. Edward Bartlett, of the Gardens of the Zoological Society of London. 313528 |