Pessimism: A History and a Criticism

action active impulse æsthetic affirmation appears arises attainment balance of happiness belief bodily character civilisation conceive conception consciousness desire distinctly doctrine doubt effect element emotional enjoyment evanescence evil example existence experience external fact factor favourable feeling force G. H. Lewes gratification hedonism hedonist Hegel human idea of happiness ideal imagination individual influence instinctive intellectual intelligence intensity involves J. S. Mill life's limits mankind means ment mental mental events metaphysical mind misery mode moral natural selection nervous noumenon object Omar Khayyám optimism and pessimism optimistic organic pessimist philosophy physical pleasure and pain positive possible present principle progress pursuit question reached realised reality reason recognised reflection relation representation result satisfaction Schopen Schopenhauer's scientific seek seems sensation sense social sources speak subjective idealism supposed temperament theory thing thought tion truth Uncon unconscious unconscious mind volition whole wholly wise worth writers