Race, Racism, and American Law

5th Cir action affirmative alleged Amendment Appeals applicants authorities basis Board cause challenge Circuit City Civil Rights claim concluded considered constitutional County court found decision defendants denied desegregation determine discriminatory district court effect election employees employment equal established evidence excluded existing fact federal federal courts finding held hired holding housing indicated integrated interest involved issue Judge jury Justice limited litigation majority MICHIGAN minority Negroes non-white Note officials operation opinion opportunity percent persons petitioner plaintiffs population practices present problems procedures protection question race racial discrimination reason refused relief remedy represent residents result Rights Act rule school board school districts school system segregation seniority showing standards statute substantial suit Supp Supreme Court Title VII trial United violation voting