Subject Clitics in the Northern Italian Dialects: A Comparative Study Based on the Minimalist Program and Optimality Theory

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Springer Science & Business Media, 13 oct. 2004 - 288 pagini
1. 0 INTRODUCTION This book provides an encompassing analysis of Subject Clitics (SCLs) by giving a detailed description of these elements in two varieties of Piedmontese, a Northern Italian Dialect: Astigiano and Turinese spoken in the areas of Asti and Turin respectively. It accounts for the structural position and function of these elements inside the computational system and for their morphological and distributional properties. It also provides an empirical and theoretical comparison between Piedmontese SCLs and SCLs in other Northern Italian Dialects (NIDs). of SCLs types in the NIDs have been regarded as Since the 1980s, the majority elements of agreement, in that they contribute to the realisation of subject verb agreement by expressing features of the subject similar, in a way, to verbal inflection. Nonetheless, SCLs are not to be assimilated to verbal affixes as they exhibit different properties. Most distinctively, they can be separated from the verb by other clitic elements and, in the case of the varieties considered here, SCLs are optional in all contexts and may be omitted in coordination. A more refined identification of SCLs separates SCLs which encode agreement features from those which do not and are related to pragmatic factors, as originally observed by Beninca (1994) with respect to the clitic a in Paduano The different morphological and syntactic properties that characterise SCLs across the NIDs have justified numerous accounts which regard them as head of their own projection.

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Cuprins

Introduction
1
20 The Dialect
2
30 The object of inquiry
3
40 Objectives and proposals
6
50 Theoretical background
9
511 Features and Checking Theory
10
512 The Tmodel Chomsky 1995
11
513 The MP and Variation
12
20 Optimal Agreement
126
30 The feature specification of Piedmontese SCLS
129
31 The Basic System and the Deictic Systems
130
32 Full and Person Optionality
138
321 Agreement Projections and Optionality
145
33 SCLs in coordination
149
332 Omission in Coordination as a Property of Invariable Clitics Poletto 2000b
156
40 Summary and conclusion
158

52 Optimal Theory
13
522 Variation and Optionality
14
questions and answers
15
62 Why is a twofold approach adopted and what are the benefits of this choice?
16
63 What are the boundaries of each approach in the analysis proposed in this book?
18
70 The Data
20
80 Organization
21
The Data
23
20 Turinese
29
22 Linear order between SCLs and other proclitics
34
23 SCLs and negative markers
36
24 Direct interrogatives
38
25 SCLs in subordinate clauses
44
26 SCLs in coordinated clauses
48
Nonfinite forms and true imperatives
52
272 True imperatives
54
28 Optionality
55
30 Astigiano
59
Notes
66
Optimal Agreement The position and the function of SCLS
68
20 The proposal
69
30 Preverbal subjects
74
31 Arguments against the left dislocation analysis of unmarked preverbal subjects in Italian and the NIDs
75
32 SubjectinCP analysis Poletto 2000b
83
more evidence for SCLs in T
90
331 More about SCLs inside TP
93
40 The Extended Projection Principle
94
41 SCLs and the EPP
96
an overview
102
511 Morphology
103
513 Strong Negation
104
515 Omission in Coordination
105
516 Exclamatives and New Information Contexts
106
517 SCLs and Interrogative Inversion
107
52 The Agreement Field
108
Turinese and Astigiano
109
531 Complex SCLs it and atal
111
SCL Climbing inside Agreement Field
114
533 The Agreement Field and Verbal Inflection
117
534 Optionality
120
60 Conclusion
122
Optimal Agreement The morphology and the distribution of SCLS
125
Notes
160
Beyond Piedmontese
162
20 Beyond Piedmontese and the minimalist component of Optimal Agreement
163
21 Negation
168
212 Prenegative Marker Agreement SCLs
170
30 A Common property across the NIDs and SCL types
173
32 Nonfinite verb forms
177
40 Beyond Piedmontese and the OT component of Optimal Agreement
180
50 Illegitimate candidates
194
51 Candidates that do not encode addsg
197
52 Two feature combination constraints
199
𝜙 Dominance Scale
204
60 Conclusion
205
Notes
207
Beyond SCLS Piedmontese interrogatives
210
20 Interrogatives Inversion and ICLS
212
21 ICLs as interrogative morphology
215
22 Agreement constraints and ICLs
218
30 A Unitary account of Piedmontese interrogation strategies
219
31 Wh+che questions
220
311 Parry 1998a
221
wh+che Reassessed
223
313 Wh+che and V to C Movement
225
32 The proposal
227
322 Wh+che Explained
229
323 Further Questions
231
40 Summary
234
51 Piedmontese
235
60 Conclusion
239
Notes
240
Concluding Remarks
245
20 Contribution to structureminimality
251
30 Structureminimality vs a myriad of projections
252
40 Topics for future study
253
Dichotomy or Gradual Concept?
254
412 Finiteness Might be Mood Vincent 1998
257
42 OT in narrow syntax
259
Notes
260
Appendix
261
References
265
Index
281
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