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CHAPTER XXVIII

CONCLUSION

To complete the sketch of the Malacostraca, the sub-order of the Amphipoda remains to be described. These crustaceans may be defined in a very simple manner as Edriophthalma having branchial sacs or vesicles connected with some or all of the last six of the seven pairs of limbs normal to the peræon or trunk. Of all the divisions of the sub-order which have been proposed, that which arranges them in three tribes, the Gammaridea, Caprellidea, and Hyperidea, still seems the most satisfactory. Chapters describing these tribes for this volume had been already written, when it appeared that they overflowed the utmost space that could be allowed. As room for them could only be found by an unsatisfactory curtailment of the earlier portions of the work, I have preferred to leave over this last section of the Malacostraca, hoping to engage the reader's interest in it at no distant future.

For the exclusion of a group so important as the Amphipoda, and one so obviously within the scope of the present pages, an apology is doubtless due, but little or none need be offered for the omission of much else which the student might desire to know, since the extent of the subject and the limits of the volume must make it clear that no other course was possible. It would take a volume by itself to analyse in an effective manner the long and valuable disquisitions which have been written on the circulation, the nervous system, the viscera, the tissues, the intimate structure of the various organs of the senses, the connection between fossil and recent forms, and the

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difficult questions of genealogy. On all these lines of research knowledge is continually extending. The time may be expected to come when, not from any one of them by itself, but from all combined, a final system of classification will be established. Apart from all these questions the simpler groundwork of the student's knowledge of recent Crustacea will still be incomplete unless the history be extended to those other orders mentioned at the outset, which comprise forms as varied, as strange, as numerous as those of the Malacostraca.

On the literature of the subject not a little that is entertaining might be written. That literature was scanty and unfruitful in classical times. At the restoration of learning it began, amidst idle tales and inexact observations, to lay the solid foundations of science. In the present century it has attained an astonishing development, aided no doubt successively by the perfecting of the microscope, by the extension of marine research, and by an all-pervading desire to arrive at the truth about the origin of species. To illustrate the difference between what was known of the Crustacea at the beginning of the last century and what is known of them at the close of the present, one is tempted to contrast the half-dozen lines which suffice for the whole class in the first edition of Linnæus's 'Systema Natura' in 1735, with the four thousand quarto pages and more than six hundred plates employed by the Challenger Reports between 1880 and 1888 in the discussion and illustration of a host of crustacean species of which most were previously unknown. The System of Nature,' it is true, began in small compass, and was repeatedly expanded in successive editions, but even in the thirteenth, published in 1788, that part of it which may fairly be regarded as a manual of all the Crustacea with which science was at that period acquainted, is swollen only to the extent of fifty-three octavo pages. In 1825 the French writer, A. G. Desmarest, could still confine within the limits of a single volume an able and meritorious survey of the whole subject, but not long afterwards the masterly History of the Crustacea,'

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by Henri Milne-Edwards, completed in 1840, though perhaps three times as valuable as Desmarest's, was also three times as large. Since that date no work of similar scope has been carried out with any success in smaller compass, nor is it likely now that such a feat could be accomplished. The Jinnee has escaped from the casket, and no magician can ever again reduce its gigantic expansion to occupy the narrow receptacle from which it issued.

INDEX

ABD

ABDOMEN, alias postabdomen,
tail, or pleon, 32, 45

Abdominalia, an order of Cirri-
pedes, 11

Acanthaspidia (new name) typh-
lops, 378

Acanthephyra, range of, 243;
Agassizii, microphthalma, pur-
purea, 243; pellucida, sica,

244

Acanthephyridæ, defined, 242
Acanthias vulgaris, devoured by
isopods, 344

Acanthocope, acutispina, spini-
cauda, 387

Acanthocyclus Gayi, 71
Acanthomunna proteus, 381
Acanthoniscus spiniger (family
Oniscidae), 432

Acanthoniscus (preoccupied) ty-
phlops (family Asellida), 378
Acanthoplax, 93

Acanthopus (preoccupied) clavi-
manus, habits of, 98
Acanthosoma, a larval Sergestes,
221

Acetes, 221; indicus, found in the
Ox-ray, 222

Achæus Cranchii, 106

Acicle, antennal scale or exopod,
146, 149, 155

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ALT

Adamsia palliata, the hermit-crab's
associate, 167

Ega, 348; bicarinata, rosacea,
Strömii, tridens, 348; crenulata,
emarginata, Lovéni, monoph-
thalma, psora, Schioedteana,
spongiophila, 349
Egacylla, 349

Agathoa loliginea, 353
Egidæ, how discriminated, 347
Agassiz, Alex., 29
Aka-oni-gani, 154

Alaotanais, priority of, considered,
324; serratispinosus, 327; lævi-
spinosus, 328

'Albatross,' U.S.S, 28, 30
Albunea symnista, 152
Albuneidæ defined, 152

Alcirona, insularis, Krebsii, 346
Alcironidæ defined, 346

Alcyonium butchered to make a
Maia's finery, 112
Alert,' H.M.S., 154
Alima, larval Squilla, 290
Alimerichthus,

290

larval Squilla,

Alitropus, foveolatus, typus, 317,
348

Alloniscus, cornutus, mirabilis,

perconvexus, 431
Alpheidæ defined, 230

Alpheus, 230; affinis, avarus, coma-
tularum, Edwardsii, megacheles,
minus, 231; sivado, 251
Alternating forms of male in
Cambaroides, 208; in Cam-

ALT

barus. 209; suggested in Tana-
idæ, 327

Alternation of sex in Cymothoidæ,
350, 355

Amalopenæus elegans, 219
Amathia (pre-occupied) Carpen-
teri, 119

Amblyops, synonym of Amblyop-
sis, 269

Amblyopsis, abbreviata, crozetii,

269

Amboina, present from king of,
29; species of Gonoplax at, 92
Amorphopus, 102, 103
Amphiplectus, 234, 237
Amphipoda, name of, 8; where

found, 14, 16, 17, 22, 23; sizes
of, 30; place in classification. 8,
291; compared with isopods,
390; isopods parasites on, 400;
the suborder briefly defined,
436
Amphoroidea, australiensis, falci-
fer, typa, 365
Anamathia, 119

Anapagurus, 161, 165; chiroacan-

thus, ferrugineus, Hyndmanni,
lævis, 161

Anarthrura, 325; simplex, linearis
(?), 328

Anaspis, recently discovered genus
of Schizopods, 257

Anceus, synonym of Gnathia, 300,
337, 338

Anchialus, 267; agilis, pusillus,
typicus, 274

Anchistia, migratoria, 248; scripta,

249

Ancinus depressus, 365
Anebocaris, 242
Aniculus, 160

Anilocra, asilus, 352; gigantea,
29, 352
Anilocridæ, 351
Annulosa, 2

Annulus ventralis of Cambarus,
208

Anomala, tribe of Brachyura, de-
fined, 133; tribe of Macrura,
defined, 149

Anomura, position of, 8; apterura,

ARI

52, 133; pterygura, 146; reason
for discarding, 147

Antennæ, first, alias antennules,
35; otoliths in, 36, 196, 248
Antennæ, second, alias outer,
under, 38; stridulating appara-
tus in, 39

Anthelura, 331; abyssorum, 333
Anthura, 331; flagellata, gracilis,
tenuis, 333

Anthuridæ defined, 330

Antilibinia Smithii, tenacity of,
117

Anuropidæ, suggested new family,
344

Anuropus, 342; branchiatus, 345
Aphareus inermis, 212

Apoda, order of Cirripedes, 11
Apodemes, 133

Appendags, a single pair to a
segment, 33, 42; names for the
parts of, 36, 43

Apseudes, 320; grossimanus, Lat-
reillii, simplicirostris,
321

Apseudidæ defined, 319

Apterura, meaning of, 133

talpa,

Apus Newberryi, large Phyllopod,

31

Arachnida, the class, 3
Arachnomysis, 267; Leuckartii,

276

Aratus Pisonii, breathing arrange-
ments of, 97

Archer, Surgeon-Major, on crabs
at Singapore, 135

Arctomysis (pre-occupied) 267;
Fyllæ, 268

Arctopsis, its priority over Pisa
mooted, 116

Arcturidæ defined, 369

Arcturides cornutus, 373

Arcturus Baffini, 370; resemblance
to Caprellidæ shown in this
genus, 370

Arctus, 194; ursus, 195

Argeia, depauperata, pugettensis,
415

Argis lar, 228

Aristeus antennatus, 219

Aristotle, Carcinus Heracleoticus

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