day, and the banoar'd in his death. We want not- noble prisoner! Roim, o Tell Anay, Brotas is la'e d tell the aws. Here comes the go

Exeur

Another Part of the Field.

DARDANIUS, CLITUS, STRATO,
VOLUMNIUS.

poor remains of friends, rest on

whew'd the torch light; bat, my lor!,
ack; be in or talen, or slain.
ee down, Chites: Slaying is the wor..
fashion, Hack thee, Clitos.-
(Whisperin

I, my lord? No, not for all the wor
then, ho words.

I'd rather kill myse thee, Dardanius; (Whisparing hin I do such a dee

Dardanius!
Clitus!
What ill request did Bratas make to thee
To kill him, Clitns: Look, he meditates.
is that noble vessel fall of grief,
over even at his eyes.

hither, good Volumains; list a word. anys my lord?

Why this, Volumnis

Cesar hath appeard to me
imes by night: at Sardis, once;

tha last night, here in Philippi' fields. ow, my hour is come.

lord.

Bru. Farewell, good Strato.-Caesar, now be still: I kill'd not thee with half so good a will.

(He rims on his sword, and dies.) Alarum. Retreat. Enter OCTAVIUS, ANTONY, MESSALA, LUCILIUS, and their army.

Oct. What man is that?
[master?
Mes. My master's man.-Strato, where is thy
Stra. Free from the bondage you are in, Messala;
The conquerors can but make a fire of him;
For Brotus only overcame himself,

And no mad else hath honour by his death.
Luc. So Brutus should be found.--I thank thee,
Brutus,

That thou hast prov'd Lucilias' saying true,

Oct. All that sere'd Bratos, I will entertain them. Fellow, wilt thos bestow thy time with the? Stra. Ay, Masa will prefer me to you. Oct. Do so, Mensala.

Mes.

How diet my master, Strato? Stra. I held the sword, and he did run on it. Mes. Octavius, then take him to follow thee, That did the latest service to my master.

Ant. This was the noblest Roman of them all:

All the conspirators, save only be,

Did that they did is envy of great Caesar;
He, only, in a gldest thought,
And common good to all, made one of them.
His life was gently; and the elements
So mis'd in him, that Natore night stand up,
And say to all the world, This was a mon!
Oct. According to his virtue let us use him,
With all respect, and rites of burial.
Within my test in fines to night shall e,
Most like a soldier, der'd honourably.
So, call the field to: and let's away.
To part the glories of this happy day.

[Exeunt

£1.7. This person was not Decius, but Decimus Brutus. The poet (as Voltaire has done since) confounds the characters of Marcus and Decimus. Decimus Brutus was the most cherished by Casar of all his friends, while Marcus kept aloof, and declined so large a share of his favours and honours, as the other had constantly accepted.

364, c. 1, l. 19. Senet.] I have been informed that senet is derived from senneste, an antiquated French tune formerly used in the army; but the dictionaries which I have consulted exhibit no such word. It may be a corruption from sonata, Ital. STEEVENS.

LL 30. strange a hand-] Strange, is alien, unfamiliar, such as might become a stranger. L1.36.

passions of some difference,] With a fluctuation of discordant opinions and desires. LL. 45.- - your passion; i. e. the nature of the feelings from which are now suffering.

LL 71. To stale with ordinary oaths my love, &c.] To invite every new protester to my affection by the stale or allurement of customary oaths. l. c. 2, l. 52..

-feeble temper-] i. e. tem

perament, constitution. .365, c. 1, l. 1. There was a Brutus once,] i. e. Lucius Junius Brutus. 1.1.5.aim;] i. e. guess.

LL. 13. chew upon this:] Consider this at leisure; ruminate on this.

1.1.29. -ferret-] A ferret has red eyes. Le.2, 1.30.no true man.] No honest man. 1.36. a man of any occupation,] Had I been a mechanic, one of the plebeians to whom be offered his throat.

366, c. 1, l. 1. Thy honourable metal may be wrought

From that it is dispos'd:] The best metal or temper may be worked into qualities contrary to its original constitution.

L4doth bear me hard:] i. e. has an unfavourable opinion of me.

Id. 1.6. If I were Brutus now, and he were Cassius, He should not humour me.] The meaning, I think, is this: Cesar loves Brutus, but if Brutus and I were to change places, his love should not humour me, should not take hold of my affection, so as to make me forget my principles. JOHNSON.

Id. l. 18.

SCENE III.

Brought you Caesar home?] Did you attend Cæsar home?

Id. 1. 21.

sway of earth-] The whole weight or momentum of this globe. Id. 1. 40. "gaz'd"-MALONE.

Id. 1. 54. Clean from the purpose-] Clean, is altogether, entirely.

Id. 1. 74. thunder-stone:] A stone fabulously supposed to be discharged by thunder.

Id.

1d.

c. 2, 1. 14. Why birds, and beasts, from quality and kind; &c.] that is, Why they deviate from quality and nature.

1. 15.--and children calculate:] Calculate here signifies to foretel or prophesy. Id. 1. 26. prodigious grown,] Prodigious is Id. 1. 31. Have thewes and limbs-] Thewes is portentous. an obsolete word implying nerves or muscular strength.

Id.

l. 65. My answer must be made :] I shall be called to account, and must answer as for seditious words.

ld. l. 68.. Hold my hand:] is the same as, Here's my hand.

Id. l. 69. Be factious for redress-] Factious seems here to mean active.

P. 367, c. 1, l. 1. Is favour'd.-] To favour is to resemble; but Mr. Malone reads "In favours," which was suggested by Dr. Johnson, i. e. in looks, appearances, &c.

ACT II. SCENE I.

Id. 1. 68. Remorse from power:] Remorse is pity tenderness.

Id. l. 70. -common proof,] Common proo

means a matter proved by common experience. Id. 1. 75.- base degrees-] Low steps. Id. c. 2, l. 6. as his kind,] i. e. like the rest of his species.

Id. 1. 32. Mr. Malone omits then.
Id. l. 48. "state of a man,"-MALONE.
Id. l. 61. any mark of favour.] Any distinc-

tion of countenance.

P. 367. c. 2, 71. semblance on

For if thon path, thy native If thou walk in thy true form. P. 36S, c. 1, 1. 32. No, not an oath. If not the face of men, &e Dr. Warburton would read fate of men: but his elaborate emendation is, I think, erroneous. The face of men is the countenance, the regard, the esteem of the public; in other terms, honour and reputation; or the face of men may mean the dejected look of the people. JOHNSON.

Id 1. 37. Till each man drop by lottery.] Perhaps the poet alluded to the custom of decimation, i. e. the selection by lot of every tenth soldier, in a general mutiny, for punishment. Jd. l. 44. And will not palter? And will not shuffle or fly from his engagements.

Id. l 47. -cautelous.] Is here cautious, sometimes insidions.

Id. 1. 51. The even virtue of our enterprize.] The calm, equable, temperate spirit that actuates

Id. l. 64 Id. c. 2, l. 6. -and envy afterwards: Envy is here, as almost always in Shakspeare's plays, malice.

Id. l. 30. choly. Id. 1. 32.

take thought, that is, turn melan

company] Company is here used

in a disreputable sense. Id. 1. 43. Quite from the main opinion he held once

Of fantasy, of dreams, and ceremonies:] Main opinion, is nothing more than leading, fixed predominant opinion. Fantasy was in our author's time commonly used for imagination. Ceremonies means omens or signs deduced from sacrifices, or other ceremonial rites.

Id 1 51. That unicorns may be betray'd with trees,

And bears with glasses, elephants with holes, Unicorns are said to have been taken by one who, running behind a tree, cluded the Violent push the animal was making at him, so that his horn spent its force on the trunk, and stuck fast, détaining the beast till he was despatched by the hunter Bears are reported to have been surprised by means of a mirror, which they would gaze on, affording their purshers an opportunity of taking the sorer aim. Elephants were seduced into pitfalls, lightly covered with hurdles and turf, on which a

proper bait to tempt them, was exposed. Id. l. 64. -by him; that is, by his house. Id. l. 73. Let not our looks- Let not our faces put on, that is, wear or show our designs. P. 369, c. 1, l. 27. —— on your condition,] On your temper: the disposition of your mind Id. c. 2, l. 26. Thou, like an exorcist,] Here, and in all other places where the word occurs in Shakspeare, to exorcise means to raise spirits, not to lay them; and perhaps he is singular in his acceptation of it.

SCENE 11.

Id. l. 62. Cæsar. I never stood on ceremonies,] i. e. I never paid a ceremonious regard to prodigies or omens.

Id. 1.71. The noise of battle hurtled in the air. To hurtle is to clash, or move with violence and noise.

Id. l. 72. " do neigh."-MALONE.

P. 370, c. 1, 7. 18. in shame of cowardice:" The ancients did not place courage but wisdom in the heart. JOHNSON.

Id 1 57. "statue,"-MALONE

I... 61. "warnings and portents," --MALONE.
Id 1 70. For tinctures, stains, relicks, and cogni-

zance.] This speech, which is inter pompous, is somewhat confused. There at two allusions; one to coats armorial, to whee princes make additions, or give new finctures, and new marks of cognizance; the other to martyrs, whose relicks are preserved with veg ration. But Messrs. Malone and Steevens thLK that tincturus has no relation to heraldry, but means merely handkerchiefs, or other ines, tinged with blood. At the execution of several of our ancient nobility, martyrs, &e. We an told that handkerchiefs were tinctured wh their blood, and preserved as affectionate d salutary memorials of the deceased. Id. c. 2, l. 7. And reason, &c.] And reason, of propriety of conduct and language, is sub dinate to my love..

P. 371, c. 2, 1. 14. He is address'd; i. e. he a ready.

Id. 1 25. And turn pre-ordinance. Pre-ordinisce for ordinance already established. Id. l. 55. -apprehensive ] i. e. intelligent capable of apprehending.

Id. 1. 58. Unshak'd of motion: i. e Castal by suit or solicitation.

Id 1 80. Go to the pulpit. Brutus. We have now taken leave of Casca. Shakspeare once knew that he had a sufficient number e heroes on his hands, and was glad to be # individual in the croud. It may be a that the singularity of Casca's manners wo have appeared to little advantage amidst th succeeding varieties of tumult and war. SrE

VENS.

P. 372, c. 1, 1. S. Nor to no Roman else: Th use of two negatives, not to make an affir tive, but to deny more strongly, is commot Chaucer, Spenser, and other of our arr et writers. Dr. Hicks observes, that it Saxon, even four negatives are someti conjoined, and still preserve a negative s fication

Id.

1. 31. Stoop then, and wash,] To wash do not mean here to cleanse, but to wash cre as we say, washed with gold; for Ciss means that they should steep their bas the blood of Cæsar.

Id. c. 2, l. 4. who else is rank:] Who d may be supposed to have overtopped his equa and grown too high for the public safety Id. 1. 27. Our arms, in strength of malice, k To you says Brutus) our swords have less points; our arms, strong in the deed of m lice, they have just performed, and our hea united like those of brothers in the acti are yet open to receive you with all possi regard. Id. l. 62. crimson'd in thy lethe. Lethe used by many of the old translators of Love for death.

P. 373, c. 1, Z. 40. in the tide of times is, in the course of times.

Id. 156. let slip-] This is a term be

to the chase. Slips were contrivances of in

ther by which greyhounds were restrained till the necessary moment of their dismission. By the dogs of war, as Mr. Tollet has observed, Shakspeare probably meant fire, sword, and famine.

SCENE II.

P. 373, c. 2, l. 60. as I slew my best lover-] This term, which cannot but sound disgustingly to modern ears, as here applied, Mr. Malone considers as the language of Shakspear's time; but this opinion, from the want of contemporary examples to confirm it, may admit of a doubt.

P. 374. c 1, l. 69. And none so poor-] The meanest man is now too high to do reverence to Cæsar

ld. c. 2. 1 2.

their napkins-] i. e. their handkerchiefs. Napkin is the Northern term for handkerchief, and is still used in this sense in Scotland.

Id. L. 51. For Brutus, as you know, was Cæsar's angel:] This title of endearment is more than once introduced in Sidney's Arcadia. Id 1 59 Which all the while ran blood.] The image seems to be, that the blood of Cæsar flew upon the statue, and trickled down it. Id. 1. 64 The dint of pity:] is the impression of pity.

P. 375. c. 1, 7. 11. "Neither writ," &c. MALONE. Id 1 36. seventy-five.] A drachma was a Greek coin, the same as the Roman denier, of the value of four sesterces, 7d. ob.

was not one man among them who was base enough to stab him for any cause but that of justice MALONE.

Id. 1. 37. "bait not me," &c. MALONE. Id. 1. 39. To hedge me in:] That is, to limit my authority by your direction or censure. Id. 1. 41. To make conditions.] That is, to know on what terms it is fit to confer the offices which are at my disposal.

P. 377, c. 1, l. 28. Bru. I do not, till you practise them on me.] The meaning is this: I do not look for your faults, I only see them, and mention them with vehemence, when you force them into my notice, by practising them on me. JOHNSON.

Id. 1.44. If that thou be'st a Roman, take it forth;] I think he means only, that he is so far from avarice, when the cause of his country requires liberality, that if any man would wish for his heart, he would not need enforce his desire any otherwise, than by showing that he was a Roman. JOHNSON.

Id. l. 69. chides,] i. e. is clamorous, scolds. Id c. 2, l. 7. What should the wars do with these jigging fools?] i. e. with these silly poets. A jig signified, in our author's time, a metrical composition, as well as a dance.

Id. 1. 8. Companion,] Companion is used as a term of reproach in many of the old plays; as we at present say-fellow.

P. 378, c. 1, l. 1. —once,] i. e. at some time or other. Id. l. 4. ld. c. 2, l. 20. thy leaden mace-] A mace is the ancient term for a sceptre.

-in art-] That is, in theory.

our former ensign—] Former

Id. 1. 38. The very last time we shall speak together:

Id.

What are you then determin'd to do?] i. e. I am resolved in such a case to kill myself. What are you determined of?

1. 39of that philosophy.] There is certainly an apparent contradiction between the sentiments which Brutus expresses in this, and in his subsequent speech; but there is no real inconsistency. Brutus had laid down to himself as a principle, to abide every chance and extremity of war; but when Cassius reminds him of the disgrace of being led in triumph through the streets of Rome, he acknowledges that to be a trial which he could not endure. Nothing is more natural that this. We lay down a system of conduct for ourselves, but occurrences may happen that will force us to depart from it.

Id. l. 44. arming myself with patience, &c.] Dr. Warburton thinks, that in this speech something is lost; but there needed only a parenthesis to clear it. The construction is this: I am determined to act according to that philosophy which directed me to blame the suicide of Cato; arming myself with patience, &c. JOHNSON.

PB