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THE LIFE AND GROWTH OF LANGUAGE. By Prof. W. D. By W. XVII. MONEY AND THE MECHANISM OF EXCHANGE. XVIII. THE NATURE OF LIGHT, WITH A GENERAL ACCOUNT OF PHYSICAL XIX. ANIMAL PARASITES AND MESSMATES. By Monsieur VAN BENEDEN, Professor of the University of Louvain, Correspondent of the 19-5-15-2 THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SERIES. RESPONSIBILITY IN MENTAL DISEASE. BY HENRY MAUDSLEY, M. D., FELLOW OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, PROFESSOR OF MEDICAL JURIS- AUTHOR OF "BODY AND MIND," "PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF THE NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 549 AND 551 BROADWAY. 1876. CONTENTS. Insane persons in asylums: how much they resemble and how much they differ from sane persons-Erroneous popular and legal notions-Feeling of repulsion towards insanity-Cruel treat- ment of the insane: from what causes it originated-Effects of the theological and the metaphysical spirit-Mind a function of brain, and disordered mind a result of disordered brain- Influence of bodily organs on mental function-Physiological method of inquiry indispensable; inadequacy of psychological method-Development of nervous system by education, and its necessary limits-The tyranny of organization-Hereditary influence-Moral responsibility-The criminal nature-Heredi- tary crime-The production of criminals: their defective physical and mental organization, and proneness to disease- Border-land between insanity and crime-Causes, course, and varieties of intellectual and moral degeneracy to be studied by PAGE No distinct line of demarcation between sanity and insanity-Con- tinuity in nature-The borderland-The insane temperament- Transformation of nervous diseases-Kinship between insanity and epilepsy, neuralgia, chorea, dipsomania-Functional and organic diseases of the brain-Hereditary predisposition: its idea, feeling and impulse in connection with it--Insanity and the prophetic mania-The prophets of the Old Testament- The epileptic nature of Mahomet's visions and revelations- The madman and the reformer-Eccentricity and insanity – Deficiency or absence of moral sense a congenital fault of mental organization-Crime and insanity-Moral sense: its acquisition in the course of evolution; and its dependence upon clusions. PAGE 38-65 Idiocy and imbecility-Kleptomania, pyromania, &c., often mark imbecility-Intellectual and Affective insanity-General and partial mania Monomania and melancholia - Dementia- General paralysis of the insane-Objections to the received system of classification according to certain prominent mental symptoms only-The lines on which it is proposed to lay down a better system-The diagnosis of insanity a strictly medical classification-The path of future medical inquiry-The phy- sician's duty to declare the truth, however unpopular it may 1. Early legal notions of insanity-Lord Hale's dictum-Mr. Justice Tracey's wild beast theory of madness-The trial of Hadfield: Erskine's declaration that delusion was the true cha- racter of insanity-The trial of Bellingham: Chief Justice Mansfield's dictum that a knowledge of right and wrong gene- rally was the proper criterion of responsibility-The trial of |