quity and architecture of which (says the author of the Beauties of England and Wales) has afforded a very fertile theme for disputation.

On each side of the keep is a projecting tower of fine architecture, called "Bigod's Tower"; it is of the Norman style. The interior of the keep is now an unroofed area, but was formerly divided by floors, covered in at top, and separated into several spacious apartments. Within the castle was a royal free chapel, exempt from all episcopal jurisdiction, visitable by the king only. In 1221 the dean of Norwich, having attempted to exercise his authority on some matters respecting it, was forced to obtain his pardon of the king. There was only one chaplain, who served the duty of this chapel, who was to celebrate mass for the souls of all the kings either before or since the Conquest. This chapel is now devoted to the use of the prisoners, and the chaplain is appointed by the justices of the peace for the county.

In 1793 a new gaol was erected for the county, and it was determined that it should be elevated on the castle hill, and attached to the eastern side of the venerable edifice of the castle. Mr. Soane was the architect employed, but according to the opinion of Mr. Britton," it rather disfigures than adorns its situation." In this sentiment he is supported and joined by Mr. Wilkins, who remarks, "that all former reparations were made to correspond with its style and character, but that all the present addition is a most heterogeneous and discordant mass. The castle precinct contains six acres, one rood, and thirteen perches, and the summit of the hill is in circumference three hundred and sixty yards; the whole of the latter is inclosed with iron palisadoes and iron gates.

From surveying the castle, we proceed to the cathedral. This venerable structure was erected by Herbert de Losinga, 1096, whose statue is over

the

the north transept door. It was greatly damaged by fire 1171, and was repaired by John, bishop of Oxford, 1180. The Chapel of our Lady at the end (of which there are now no remains), was built by Bishop Suffield, between 1243 and 1257. The tower rebuilt by Bishop Walpole 127, who also began the beautiful cloister, finished by his suc cessors Bishop Salmon, Wakering, and Alnwick. The latter prelate rebuilt the west front of the church, and the north gate of the bishop's palace.

Bishop Percy built the present spire 1361, which exceeds all in England, Salisbury excepted, being one hundred and five yards, two feet, from the point to the floor, including the tower. The present nave, with its beautiful stone roof, adorned with historical pieces from the Bible, was the work of Bishop Lyherst, 1463, and his successor Dr. Goldwell, put a similar roof on the choir; the transepts being injured by fire 1509, were repaired and roofed in the same style by Bishop Nix. The church is 400 feet from east to west, and the transepts from north to south 180.

St Mary's chapel at the east end, was 70 feet by 30, being in a ruined state, it was pulled down between 1573 and 1589 by Dean Gardiner, who committed great dilapidations on the other buildings. The choir has been refitted in a gothic style, under the direction of Dr. Lloyd, the dean, whose accomplished lady painted the east window, with the subject of the Transfiguration, from a beautiful design by Raphael; this work so honourable to this lady's talents, her taste, and her judgment, she completed, after much labour, attention, and fatigue, in 1781.

The architecture of this noble pile of building is chiefly Norman where the semicircular arch and large short column are the leading features. The west front of the cathedral displays a large central compartment, fropting and corresponding with the width and height, also two lateral divisions corres

ponding

ponding with the side aisles. In the cathedral lies entombed the illustrious founder of this edifice, Herbert de Losinga, bishop of Norwich. He was removed from the see of Thetford (which was then abolished) to Norwich; he was abbot of Ramsey, and Lord Chancellor, and died, 1119. His tomb was destroyed during the Civil Wars; but a new altar monument was erected to his memory, by the dean and chapter in 1682, it stands in the central part of the choir, inclosed with an iron palisade; there are also monuments in the cathedral to the memory of Bishops Scambler and Overall. On the choir floor is a monument in memory of Sir William Boleyn, greatgrandfather to Queen Elizabeth. In the nave is an altar tomb, under which was interred Sir James Hobart, attorney-general to Henry the Seventh, and ancestor of the present Earl of Buckinghamshire. In Jesus Chapel is also a tomb, erected to the memory of Sir Thomas Wyndham (ancestor of present Right Hon. W. W.) who died at Fellrigge, 1521.

There are numerous churches in this city, besides the cathedral: namely, St. Peter's Hinsgate, St. Simon and St. Jude, St. George in Tembland, St. Martin in the Plain, St. Edmund, St. James, St. Paul, St. Saviour, St. Clement, St. George, St. Augustin, St. Martin, St. Mary, St. Michael, St. Peter's Mancroft, St. Giles, St. Bennet, St. Swithin, St. Margaret, St. Laurence, St. Gregory, St. John the Baptist, Madder Market, St. Andrew, St. Michael's at Plea, St. Peter's Southgate, St. Ethelred's, St. Julian, St. Peter, per Mountingate, St. Mary the Less, St. John Timberhill, All Saints, St. Michael's at Thorn, St. John the Baptist, and Holy Sepulchre, St. Stephen, the proto-martyr. In consequence of the numerous emigrants from the Netherlands, a Dutch church was erected for their religious service.

Among the ancient religious houses, which abounded in this city, was that of the Austin or Augustin

Friars,

Friars, founded before the 18th of King Edward I. There was a fine church, which is now destroyed, John de Hustingford, in 1226, founded a house for the Grey Friars, which is now pulled down, In 1256, Philip Cougate, a merchant of this city, founded the White Friars, or Carmelites inonastery, the hall and kitchen of which now form the Anabaptist meeting.

St. Mary's College, in the fields, founded before 1250, for ten prebends, is now a private house. The Priory, built by Bishop Herbert, about 1101, for 60 monks of the Benedictine order, stood in what at present is called the Lower Close. On pulling down the Work house in 1804, to improve the entrance to the Deanery, some ruins were discovered, supposed to have been remains of the refectory and dormitory of that once celebrated monastery. This priory had a miraculous image of King Henry VI. Henry Earl of Surrey, built a house on its site.

St. Julian's Church, founded before the Conquest, was given by King Stephen to the Nunnery of Carhow.

The church of St. Peter Mancroft is a large regular building, and greatly distinguished for its superiority in use to the other churches. It stands on an elevated spot, at the south-west corner of the market place; it was finished and consecrated in 1455. It consists of a square tower, one hundred feet in height, and a body composed of a nave, choir, and chancel, measuring two hundred and twelve feet in length, by seventy in width. On the north and south sides are entrance porches; the altar is ornamented with a painting, represents the deliverance of St. Peter from prisons it was given by Alderman Starling in 1768. Sir Thomas Brown, M. D. the author of "Religio Medici," lies in tered in this church.

The church of St. Laurence, is a regular and handsome building, erected 1472, at the expence of

the

the monastery of St. Edmund's Bury. The tower is a square building, 112 feet in height. Previous to the Civil Wars the church was highly decorated, and the windows ornamented with painted glass: but in 1643, the communion rails were broken down, the floor of the chancel taken up, and the stained glass defaced. Mr. Bloomfield extracts from the parish register this entry: "Laid out to Goodman Perfett, for the putting out of the superstitious inscriptions in the church windows, and the pulling down of crucifixes, 1s. 8d."

The city of Norwich abounds with charitable foundations. The Free Grammar School was originally a charnel-house, and was founded by Bishop Salmon, 1325. The master of this school has 501. a year, and the use of a house, and the usher 301. This school is endowed with scholarships and fellowships belonging to Caius College, Cambridge. The Boy's Hospital was founded 1611, by Thomas Anguish, Esq. mayor of the city; since its establishment, the number of boys has been greatly augmented. The Girls' Hospital was founded, 1649, by Bobert Burton, Esq. mayor; this charity has been augmented. The girls are clothed in blue, and taught to read, spin, sew, &c.

Cooke's Hospital, for 10 poor women, was founded 1677. St. Giles's Hospital was founded by Bishop Suffield 1249, for 50 aged men, and the same number of aged women, who are under the governinent of a master elected by the corporation. Doughty's Hospital, or 24 men and eight women, was founded 1587, in pursuance of the will of William Doughty, Esq. There are also 12 charity schools, supported by voluntary contribution.

The Norfolk and Norwich Hospital is a superb building; it stands without St. Stephen's Gate, and was erected in 1772; a new wing was added in 1802. Bethlehem Hospital was founded by the widow of the Rev. Samuel Chapman, rector of Thorpe, by Norwich,