cut if you will accept-and they have a list of jobs that you can accept and most prevalent on the list were your security agencies, your police department, your fire department

The CHAIRMAN. A 90-day reduction from your service life

Mr. MARCADO. Right; from service life. And I didn't want to take that; I didn't want to accept that type of work. Like I said, I didn't want to be affiliated with any of the violence in the street. So I

went

The CHAIRMAN. So your present job, you are still at the printingyou are a GS-5, you are making $8,300 a year, which is not bad money, but your complaint about the job, or your concern about the job, it is a dead-end street?

Mr. MARCADO. Right; it's dead. There is nowhere for me to go. I would have to spend quite some time there too, you know, make any money or make any advancement. But there's no advancement to go to; you can make but two advancements and that's sergeant first. You have to make sergeant first before you can make lieutenant. And he's a nine.

The CHAIRMAN. A sergeant is a nine or a lieutenant?

Mr. MARCADO. A sergeant is a seven and a lieutenant is nine or above now that the new Civil Service Commission rating is up, but after you receive that you have a limited amount of what you-once you become an officer you become a lieutenant up to a captain and you have two ranks after that, and that's inspector. And you have deputy inspector and inspector. And you can go to security and investigator. You have the investigating field, chief of security; most of these men are very old, you see, and

The CHAIRMAN. You feel sitting there as a GS-5 at that desk everyday that you are pretty well locked in?

Mr. MARCADO. Right.

The CHAIRMAN. To that level and that type of work?

Mr. MARCADO. I'm being cheated out of my time and energy, And I want to learn, want to-what I am trying to say is if they can train a man to be a professional soldier within 6 months, give him a year in something in Vietnam for experience, they can train him to do anything. He's more aware to do anything. In the Marine Corps you learn just about everything, about everybody's job, radio, every weapon they make. There's not too much you don't learn as a gunner or rifleman-he has to learn all types of jobs. If he's able to learn these things within a 4-month period, take the experience of Vietnam and be rated as a professional soldier, I feel as though he can learn just about anything but no one has ever told me about a technical program or any type of a field that I could go into that would do me some good.

The CHAIRMAN: My final question to you is: Do you know if there are other GI's, ex-GI's, doing similar work to yours, GS-5 or whatever the rate might be, sitting there at the desk, looking to see whether people are bringing their liquor in or bombs or looking at the papers there? I mean

Mr. MARCADO. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN. There are others?

Mr. MARCADO. There's a great many.
The CHAIRMAN. A great many?

Mr. MARCADO. A great many.

The CHAIRMAN. At coffee breaks or at lunch do you talk with them? Mr. MARCADO. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN. Do they generally feel as you do, that they are in a dead end situation.

Mr. MARCADO. Yes, yes; it's like I say, most of them are trying to prepare to go to school; most of them are going to school, and going to school part time. So they work this job and cover school part time so that they can get into whatever they want to. I would need to work so I would work this type of a job.

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Buckley?

Senator BUCKLEY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. Marcado, did the Marine Corps have any Project Transition that Mr. Izzard talked about?

Mr. MARCADO. They had Project Transition but I don't know too many people that have received it. I imagine that there are some because they had a pretty good program where somebody could get into Project Transition, but they were the veterans, they were moved around so much; they were trying to move them around to the closest base to their home. Camp Lejeune experience for me could have wrecked my complete life as a serviceman. I spent all this time with a good record, with no bad page 12, but Camp Lejeune, after coming back from the war, could have destroyed this whole thing due to association of people and what was going on at the base at the time. So I advised the chaplain if-I explained to him that if he wanted to see another soldier who has a good record and who has a good intention, if he wants to see him go into the street and get involved in what is going on, transfer me. And he transferred me to Patuxent River, Md., which was close to Washington, and then when I got out of service I stood a security job. I applied for a top secret clearance which I received. But my 214 has all this on it, but it doesn't do any good; it doesn't show any real vantage point for you, whether you have a good record or a bad record. So I've made provisions on my own to try to advance in something.

Senator BUCKLEY. Was there anybody in the Marine Corps whose job it was to worry about helping you readjust to civilian life, training, counseling, et cetera?

Mr. MARCADO. You are supposed to have a counselor of some sort if you are not equipped with a counselor. The only one that reallyhere is what you have to say would be a chaplain here and he hears it so much and he hears so many that sometimes he's reluctant, you see, and he's overburdened by hearing servicemen talk to him.

You have a first sergeant or a staff sergeant in which he's running a platoon or he's running other papers. He doesn't have time to sit down and talk to you about what are you going to do when you come out, and then your attitude, they are not trying to get you to understand what is happening outside; they are telling you that you won't be able to get what you are looking for out there, you see.

Now, they make it look nice; they will give you another rank or they will offer you the enlistment money, which looks big to a serviceman.

Senator BUCKLEY. There is nobody to turn to, to set your own aptitudes, what kind of options you got out of it?

Mr. MARCADO. No.

Senator BUCKLEY. Is there anyone you can turn to now, the Veterans' Administration or elsewhere, who will help you in seeking the kind of training you want?

Mr. MARCADO. I haven't run across anybody. Of course I haven't went to there is an agency on New Jersey Ave., K Street and New Jersey Ave. A veteran told me about this, which I didn't know about. But we was discussing some of the problems, and he told me about this young man, a Mr. Dickson, and he said that other veterans had been receiving some type of

The CHAIRMAN. That is the Urban League isn't it?

Mr. MARCADO. Right; somebody has received some type of help. If he could give me some true information this would be some help to me, you see. With the VA assistance people I didn't receive any information regarding anything. I asked for a technical program and I was talked to for a little while but I didn't receive any information about how to get into it or what to do, you see, or did I have any kind of qualifications. If someone would have explained that to me maybe I would go take this up in school, you see, and come back with my papers, you see. But no one explained to me. I haven't been to the È Street office but other veterans have received help from Mr. Dickson, but I didn't know anything about him. See, this is where I feel bad about, is that you can't receive any information that you would want to. If somebody wanted to ask you something he would have to bump into another veteran on the street and get to talking about Vietnam before you can really get to talking about what is happening to each other and he may explain something to you that you don't know could be of some benefit to you. And I think that this might have been some benefit if I had known about it.

Senator BUCKLEY. In other words, at the time of your discharge you got no guidance or help on what agencies might be available. Are you given information about veterans' benefits, education, and so on?"

Mr. MARCADO. I went to the VA office, and, like I said, I was shoved around because he figured I wanted to

Senator BUCKLEY. I didn't mean the office itself but at the time of discharge.

Mr. MARCADO. You don't receive anything getting out of the service from this. When you get out of the service you get the medal, and that's all they give you. They give you a good conduct medal and they give you your papers and, really, you are trying to get out of there so fast that actually, you don't have time to-you don't receive any of these pamphlets, you see.

Senator BUCKLEY. Thank you very much, Mr. Izzard and Mr. Marcado. Thank you.

The CHAIRMAN. I will put in the record at this point this pamphlet, I don't know how widely it is distributed, labeled, "Opportunities in the Federal Service for Veterans." It is published by the U.S. Civil Service Commission, dated July 1970. It is a foldout pamphlet. One of the subsections in the pamphlet entitled "Jobs for Veterans Only" reads as follows-this is one short sentence. "Certain examinations are open only to preference-eligibles. As long as such applicants are available. Among these are custodians, elevator operators, and mechanics. These are jobs for veterans only." It is listed in the civil service pamphlet. We will put the entire pamphlet into the record.

(The pamphlet follows:)

OPPORTUNITIES IN THE FEDERAL SERVICE FOR VETERANS

It takes many civilian employees to perform all the services required of the Federal Government. To keep these jobs filled, thousands of people must be hired each year.

Veterans are given certain advantages in the Government's hiring process. The section on "Veteran Preference" tells what these advantages are.

Returning veterans-that is, veterans who were separated from military service within the last year-may be eligible for a special type of appointment under "Veterans Readjustment Appointments".

"For More Information," the last section in this pamphlet, tells where to find out about jobs in various parts of the country and it also tells how to go about applying for one of those openings.

VETERAN PREFERENCE

Since the time of the Civil War, veterans of the armed forces traditionally have been given some degree of preference in appointments to Government jobs. Recognizing that an economic loss is suffered by those who serve their country in the armed forces, Congress enacted laws to prevent veterans seeking Federal employment from being penalized because of the time they spent in service.

Preference does not have as its goal the placement of a veteran in every Federal job in which a vacancy occurs; this would be incompatible with the merit principle of public employment. It does provide a uniform method by which special consideration is given to qualified veterans seeking Federal employment.

TWO CLASSES OF PREFERENCE

Five-point preference is given to honorably separated veterans who served on active duty in the armed forces of the United States:

-during any war. (The official dates for war service are April 6, 1917–July 2, 1921, and December 7, 1941-April 28, 1952.)

-during the period April 28, 1952, through July 1, 1955.

-in any campaign or expedition for which a campaign badge or service medal has been authorized.

-for more than 180 consecutive days since January 31, 1955. (An initial period of active duty for training under the "6-month" Reserve or National Guard programs does not count.)

Ten-point preference is given to:

Disabled Veterans.-An honorably separated veteran who served on active duty in the armed forces at any time, and who (1) has a service-connected disability or (2) is receiving compensation, disability retirement benefits, or pension under laws administered by the Veterans Administration, Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, or Public Health Service, is entitled to 10-point preference. A veteran who has been awarded the Purple Heart for wounds received in action is considered to have a service-connected disability.

Wives of Disabled Veterans.-The wife of a 10-point veteran whose serviceconnected disability disqualifies him for civil-service appointment to positions along the general line of his usual occupation is entitled to 10-point preference. In such a case, the wife loses her right to preference if the husband recovers. If the husband dies, she may be able to qualify for widow preference.

Widows of Veterans.-Until she remarries, the widow of an honorably separated veteran who served on active duty during any war, or during the period April 28, 1952, through July 1, 1955, or in a campaign or expedition for which a campaign badge or service medal was authorized is entitled to 10-point preference. This includes the widow of a man meeting any of these service requirements who died while in the armed forces, unless the circumstances surrounding his death would have been cause for other than honorable separation.

Mothers of Veterans.-The mother of a veteran who lost his life under honorable conditions while on active duty in a war or in a campaign or expedition for which a campaign badge or service medal has been authorized, or during the period April 28, 1952, through July 1, 1955, or who became permanently and totally disabled because of a service-connected disability, is entitled to 10-point preference provided that she is widowed, divorced, or separated from the father of the veteran, or the father is permanently and totally disabled. An otherwise eligible mother who has remarried may be granted preference only if, with reference to the subsequent marriage, her husband is permanently and totally disabled, or she is divorced or legally separated, or she has been widowed.

PREFERENCE IN EXAMINATIONS

Persons who establish veteran preference and make passing grades on civilservice examinations have 5 or 10 points added to the scores they make in open, competitive examinations for appointment to jobs in the Federal civil service. The extra points cause the names of veteran-preference eligibles to stand higher on lists of persons eligible for appointment. Consequently preference eligibles receive earlier consideration for appointment than they otherwise would.

For scientific and professional positions in grade GS-9 or higher, names of eligibles are listed on civil-service registers in the order of ratings, as augmented by veteran preference, if any. For all other positions, the names of 10-point preference eligibles who have a compensable service-connected disability of 10 percent or more are placed ahead of the names of all other eligibles on a given register. The names of other 10-point preference eligibles, 5-point eligibles, and non-veterans are listed in order of their numerical ratings, as augmented by veteran preference, if any.

Getting on a register does not guarantee that a veteran-preference eligible will get a job. He must be selected by an appointing official of a Government agency.

PREFERENCE IN APPOINTMENTS

When a vacancy occurs in an agency, the appointing officer may fill the job by promoting or reassigning a current Federal employee, by reemploying a former employee, or by making a new appointment from a list of eligibles who have passed an examination for the particular type of job.

If the official decides to make a new appointment, he asks the appropriate Civil Service Commission office for the names of eligibles. The Commission sends him names of eligibles from the top of the appropriate list, and he may select any one of the top three available eligibles. He may not pass over a preference eligible, however, and appoint a nonpreference eligible, lower on the list, unless the Civil Service Commission agrees that the reasons for passing over the veteran are sufficient.

Names of eligibles not selected for appointment are returned to the register for consideration in connection with other vacancies.

REOPENING EXAMINATIONS

Under certain conditions, veterans may file applications after an examination has closed.

A 10-point preference eligible may file application at any time for any position for which there has been or is a list of eligibles, or for which a list is about to be established.

A veteran may file application for any examination which was open while he was in the armed forces or which was announced within 120 days after his separation, provided a list of eligibles is still in existence and he makes application within 120 days after his discharge.

CREDIT FOR MILITARY SERVICE

In totaling experience in examinations, full credit is given for time spent in the armed forces. Military service is either considered as an extension of the employment in which the veteran was engaged when he went into the armed forces, or is rated on the basis of the actual duties performed in the armed forces, depending upon the method that will be more beneficial to the veteran. A veteran who is appointed to a Federal position covered by civil service retirement law may, under certain conditions, receive retirement credit for his military service after he has completed 5 years of civilian service, and he is not required to make a deposit to the civil service retirement fund for the time spent in military service in order to receive credit for it. In most cases, military service that is used as a basis for military retired pay or credited toward social security benefits cannot be credited for civil service retirement purposes.

JOBS FOR VETERANS ONLY

Certain examinations are open only to preference eligibles as long as such applicants are available. Among these are custodian, guard, elevator operator, and messenger.