apprehended, 22-24

and feelings, error as to our know-
ledge of, 27

and introspection, 387

and will equally unknown directly in
themselves, 263, 264

how known, 20

known as primarily as feelings, 26
unmodified, not to be known, 19
Self-action and conscious volition, 273
-, arguments to be considered against

its perception, 16

perceived immediately, 22
Self-conscious attention, 262

Self-defence impossible for a general
sceptic, 7

Self-denial impossible without suffering, 469
increases merit of actions, 251
Self-evidence is the criterion of truth, II
of memory's truth, 32
of reasoning, 53-58

universality and necessity of moral
truth, 248

Self-evident and primary is our knowledge
of intellectual causation, 268

gratification as a duty, 251

truths, the source of all our know-
ledge, 13

Self-existence, sense of, 20
Self-knowledge, 33

an objection to, stated, 22
commonly supposed certain, 15, 16
implies certainty of memory, 32
impossible without knowledge of
feelings, 18, 19

inseparable from pursuit of truth, 27
like our knowledge of others, 19
mistaken inference concerning, 19
Self-refutation of absolute scepticism, 7
of some modern systems, 134
Sensation, 165

does not contain certainty, but intel-
lect does, 113

indispensable to our intellect, 87
its guiding action vouched for by
consciousness, 265, 266

not in plants, 334

-, permanent, possibilities of, 131
Sensations actual and possible, 133

are the means, not the objects of
perception, 90

Senses, alleged deception of, 117, 121, 122
- can only feel what is present, 36,

Similar structures may arise independently,
519
Similarity, existence, distinction, unity,
and truth, ideas of, 103

Simple and compound feelings, 107
being, alone uncaused, 50
perceptions and idealism, 79
truths, 6, 7

unity of thinking principle, 388
Simplicity of feeling of tone doubtful, 108
Simultaneity in act of all possibles is im-
possible, 385, 469

Stomach, 147, 159

Stone-throwing, illustration from, 156, 157
Strata, 310

Stratification and cleavage, illustration
from, 475

Strengths of different motives can be felt,
269

Striking of a clock, 92, 115, 424
Strongest desires and motives, 268

motive, ambiguity of that term, 270
Structural and chemical difference between
the organic and inorganic worlds, 323
differences of organism and anor-
ganisms, 322

Structure and function correspond, 331
common to all organisms, 322
human, animal, and vegetal, 322
of man's body, 145

to be understood before function, 146
useless, incipient, and disadvan-
tageous, 521

Structures, similar, may arise indepen-
dently, 519

Struggle for life, 372

Stuart Mill and justice in this life, 489
as to thought and matter, 388

Study of idealism necessary, 71

of man, 143, 276

of structure must precede that of

Subjective signs spontaneously interpreted
in perception, 96

Subjectivity of truth, impossible, 238
Subordination of physical science, 384
Subsidiary hypotheses and nebular theory,
406

Subsistence, perception of, 211
Substance, idea of, 414

-, thought and extension as its alleged
attributes, 139, 392

Substances, chemical, 302

chemical, their quantitative relations,
303, 394

-, inorganic viewed similarly by science
and common sense, 418

organic, formed artificially, 333, 501
Substantial self, knowledge of, 19

temporary distinctions, 442
unity of our nature, 388
Substantiality of thinking principle, 387
Subtraction of effete material, 162
Successful evil-doers, 488, 489
Succession and motion distinguished, 417
common to movement of thought and
of bodies, 418

-, feelings of, 191, 192

real and ideal, 410
Successive death of tissues, 337, 437
Suckers, 338

Sucking action of infant, 184

and Bichat, 175

Suffering, absence of, its consequences, 469
needed for attainment of our highest
aim, 473

Sufferings of animals, 358, 471

of animals not known to them, 358
Sufficient Cause, a, must be intrinsic in
uncaused being, 49

reason, 49

and the universe, 453
Suicide of some modern systems, 134
Sulphur, 306

Sun, distance, diameter, surface, and volume
of, 301
Sundew, 321

Sun's motion, illustration from, 95, 123
Sunset, illustration from, 123, 242
Superiority, apparent, of idealism, 76
Supernatural being, a, and our senses, 130
could not deceive us as to our
present feeling, 17

• powers, 286
Supernumerary fingers and toes, 153, 429
Supposition of good done in sleep, 250

that an instinct would be found with
an animal artificially formed, 365
Supremacy of intellect over sense, 112, 113
Supreme being could not both be and not

be, 43

248

will of, not root of ethics, 247,

Supreme legislative judge, rewarder, and
chastiser, 489

460

science of sciences, 14, 383

truth which is taught by nature,

value of conception of duty, 251

Surprise, feelings of, 193
Survival of soul of man, 435
Suspended action, feeling of, 194
Swallows and house-building, 356
possible remorse, 357
Swallow-tailed butterfly, 370

Sycamore, curious fact about root of, 335
Syllogism, example of, 54

-, said not to contain an inference, 54

Symmetry, 152, 428

of disease, 429

of echinoderms, 429

of radiolaria, 429

of the body, 152

serial, 152, 318, 428, 513

Sympathetic effect of emotional signs, 196,

352

system, 168

Sympathy, feelings of, 186

Synthesis of feelings, 198

of forces in organisms, 422

Tadpoles, 317

Tahiti, flora of, 371

T

Tail of rat grafted, 439

Tails of cat and bull, 341

of lizards, 337, 437.

to wings of butterflies, 377

Tardiness of ameliorations and Theism, 486
Task of inquirer after truth, 13, 14
Taste and ethics in animals, 356

feeling of various, 197, 255

Tastes, differences as to, accounted for,
260

Tears, etc., need not mean pain, 167, 472
Teleology, 492

Telic cyclical changes, 438

nature of reflex action, 364

Temporary principles, 508

substantial distinctions, 442
Temptation of mechanical hypothesis, 442
Tendencies and effects of motives, 269
Tendency of persons to exaggerate the
mental faculties of animals, 348
to imitation, 195, 196

of aberration of light, 398

that instinct is hereditary habit, 362
undulatory, of light, 396

"Therefore," force of the word, 58

Thimble-rigging, intellectual, 135

"Thing," as a term used by children, 227,
234

Things and thought agree when truth
exists, 239, 531

cannot both be and not be, 39, 42
good, may be hated, 254
imaginable, conceivable, and per-
ceptible, 89

not imaginable, conceivable, 89, 112
remote, associated with uncertainty,
6, 44

themselves seen, not their images, 93
Thinkable things, all, subjects of science,
385, 386

Thinking principle has no organ, 388
its immateriality, 388
substantial, 387

Third general principle, law of causation,
48

This life and justice, 489

world is an arena of probation, 496

Thomson, Sir William, 403

Thought and extension as attributes of
substance, 139

and language both spring from intel-
lect, 234

and matter, 388

and motion, 417

- and things agree when truth exists,
238, 531

Thought, as we know it, needs a body, 145
Divine, 239, 240

has no organ, 388

its play and movement, analogical
expressions, 418

needed for language, 230

needs the imagination of words and
gestures, 224

not dependent on the imagination of
words only, 225

precedes speech in infants, 234
Threats of God not root of moral obliga-
tion, 247, 248

Three meanings of the term "know," 189
orders of truths at the root of cer-
tainty, 12

Thylacinus and evolution, 520
Tidal retardation, 406

Tierra del Fuego, men of, 284
Tiger, illustration from, 354, 421
Timbre, 107

and beauty, 256

its charm, 197

Trees with roots exposed, 378
Triangle, illustration from, 57
Triassic rocks, 312

Tribes, evolution of, 526
Tricks of reading and speaking, apparent,
no proof of intellect, 352
Trigeminal nerve, 150
Triplaris and ants, 370
Tristan d'Acunha, water-hen of, 376, 380
Trowing and truth, 238, 239

True affirmation as to certainty of feelings,
19

philosopher, his duty, 498. 499
philosophy, characteristics of, 531
universals, 206

Truly intelligent action far-seeing, 449
Trumpet, sound of, and scarlet, 182
Trumpeter pigeon and Bantam fowls, 428
Trunk of elephant, end of, torn off by
itself, 356

Trustworthiness of common sense, 63