CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON.

The exhibit of the Carnegie Institution of Washington presented in definite form the work of the Departments of Experimental Evolution, Botanical Research, Entomology, Marine Biology, Terrestrial Magnetism, Meridian Astrometry, Economics and Sociology, and Historical Research, the Nutrition Laboratory, the Geophysical Laboratory, the Mount Wilson Solar Observatory, the Division of Research Associates, as well as the general plan and scope of this important scientific foundation.

The Carnegie Institution of Washington was founded by Andrew Carnegie on January 28, 1902, with an endowment of $10,000,000, which was later increased to $22,000,000. The institution was originally organized under the laws of the District of Columbia and incorporated as the Carnegie Institution, but was reincorporated by an act of the Congress of the United States, approved April 28, 1904, under the title of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.

Under the Department of Experimental Evolution the work of the laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, N. Y., and at Goose Island was described, especially studies in the theories of heredity of sheep, goats, cats, rats, poultry, canaries, pigeons, and various insects; beans, sunflowers, maize, poppies, etc.; and the study of heredity in man. For the Department of Botanical Research the work of the laboratory at Tucson, Ariz., and Carmel., Cal., was outlined.

The exhibit described recent work undertaken by the Department of Embryology in association with Johns Hopkins University. The Department of Marine Biology has a main laboratory at Tortugas, Fla., but temporary branch laboratories have been established at Nassau and at Andros Island (in the Bahamas), in Jamaica, and upon Murray Island, Torres Straits, Australia. The object of the department is to "pursue intensive studies upon problems of the tropical ocean, paying special attention to those of physiology, heredity, variation, and others lying in the borderland between biology and pathology."

Investigations in nutrition have been carried on, according to the exhibit, since 1913, and a laboratory especially designed for this purpose was completed at Boston in 1908.

The exhibit illustrated also the work of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, with its plan for a general magnetic survey of the earth, which began in 1904. A specially designed nonmagnetic ship, the Carnegie, of which a model was shown in the exhibit, has been engaged in the work since 1909. Her novel equipment and freedom from magnetism permit the making of precise magnetic

observations at sea, for navigational and scientific purposes, almost as readily as on land.

Investigations to determine the modes of formation and the physical properties of the rocks of the earth's crust; the endeavor through a southern observatory, located in South America, to secure accurate measure of the stars visible in the Southern Hemisphere; additional studies of the sun made at the Mount Wilson Observatory, near Pasadena, Cal.; studies in American economic. history; investigation of the source of American history in foreign archives, are some of the activities of the institution as described in the exhibit.

EDUCATIONAL WORK OF THE CHURCHES.

Special attention was given in the 50 or more church exhibits to the school work of the different denominations.

The American Missionary Association emphasized the Corn Club work at Tougaloo University, Tougaloo, Miss. According to the exhibit of this association

A wise democracy will not offer its masses merely the schools of the professional or leisure classes, but will multiply schools until there are enough to go around and thus one to fit each American group.

As an invitation to the fairer possibilities-because the best wealth of a nation is always its poor boys-all these diverse groups of schools will be "open at the top." The State, as destiny, must never forbid the university to any child because he is poor or black.

The association reported a total of 7,605 pupils under industrial instruction in its schools: Sewing, dressmaking, and millinery, 3,344; cooking and housekeeping, 1,352; mechanical industries, 1,101; printing, 54; agriculture (advanced), 415; elementary manual arts, 1,339.

Charts of the American Baptist Home Mission Society showed that the society began its work of education for the Negroes in 1862. Special emphasis has been laid upon the training of preachers and teachers. The society assists in the maintenance of 13 higher educational institutions and 10 secondary schools, with an enrollment of 7,491, and a teaching force of 197, of whom 107 were Negroes. Educational work is also done for the Indians and the people of Mexico, Cuba, and Porto Rico.

Colored charts described the work of the board of foreign missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Some of the educational work listed was as follows: Korea, mission established 1885, 6,136 students under instruction; China, mission dating from 1847, 17,807 students; Malaysia (mission founded 1885), 7,061 students; India (mission founded 1856), 39,309 students; Africa (mission founded 1833), 8.071 students; South America (mission founded 1836), 2.827 students; and Mexico (mission established 1876), 4,617 students.

In India the Bareilly Theological School, founded in 1872, has three departments: (1) Seminary course for men, (2) normal school for teachers, and (3) a woman's training school. The Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church maintains 11 industrial buildings and kindergartens, 25 mission schools, 3 national training schools, and 4 conference training schools for missionaries and deaconesses.

The health challenge of the open-air school exhibit.

view of the Protestant Episcopal Church by means of the diagram. given herewith:

ELIZABETH MCCORMICK MEMORIAL FUND.

Open-air schools were illustrated in the exhibit of the Elizabeth McCormick Memorial Fund, of Chicago. A model of an open-air school and grounds was shown, the school building being built on the unit plan. Life-size figures demonstrated proper clothing for use in the various phases of open-air school work. Miniature reproductions of the Chicago open-air schools and photographs of open-air schools from different nations indicated the world-wide spread of the open-air school movement.

"Fresh air, sunshine, food, rest, medical and nursing service, personal hygiene, recreation, study, comradeship" were some of the

Model of an open-air school built on the "unit" plan.

fundamentals of the open-air idea as insisted upon in this exhibit, and the purpose of open-air school work was declared to be: "To weave together these different features in a process of education and a hygienic way of life." The model of the open-air school on display, it was explained, combined features found in various existing schools. The unit plan of building would allow for adjustment to take care of increased enrollment; each unit would accommodate 25 children.

The general object of the Elizabeth McCormick Fund, according to the exhibit, is to improve the conditions of child life in the United States. "It has made open-air school work and the physical welfare of school children one of its activities because it believes there are possibilities for promoting the 20,000,000 school children in the United States, which make this perhaps the most fruitful field for service to childhood." Legends in the exhibit called attention to the