Cibber, father of the poet, and the other by a foreigner, they having been executed as a trial of skill; the one has a bas-relief of the triumphs of Bacchus, and the other of Amphitrite and the Nereids. In the parterres are four brass statues of a Gladiator, Apollo, Diana, and Saturn. On the south side of the palace is the Privy-Garden, which was sunk ten feet to open a view to the Thames, having a fountain in the centre. The palace consists of three quadrangles; the first and second are gothic; but in the last is a most beautiful colonnade of the Ionic order, in which are the royal apartments.

HAMPTON, a town of the United States, the capital of Elizabeth county, Virginia. It is situated at the head of a bay which runs up north from the head of James's river, called Hampton road, five miles north-west from Point Comfort. Corn and leather are imported from this place to a considerable extent. It is eleven miles north from Norfolk, sixty E. S. E. from Richmond, and 180 west by south from Philadelphia.

HAN, for have, in the plural. Obsolete. HAN'APER, n. s. Low Lat. hanaperium. A treasury; an exchequer. The clerk of the hanaper receives the fees due to the king for the seal of charters and patents.

The fines for all original writs were wont to be im mediately paid into the hanaper of the Chancery.

Bacon.

The HANAPER, or HAMPER, is an office in Chancery, under the direction of a master, his deputy and clerks, comptroller, &c., answering, in some measure, to the fiscus among the Romans. The clerk or warden of the hanaper receives also all money due for commissions and writs; and attends the keeper of the seal daily in term time, and at all time of sealing; and takes into his custody all sealed charters, patents, &c., which he receives into bags, but anciently, it is supposed into hampers, which gave name to

the office.

HANAU, or HANAU MUNZENBURG, a rich tract of country in the electorate of Hesse-Cassel, extending east and west along the north bank of the Maine, and deriving its name from the town of Hanau, its capital. Its extent is about 470 square miles, and its population 74,000; the prevailing religion is Calvinism. Here are several extensive forests and mines of silver, copper, salt, and cobalt. This territory was formerly a separate government, under the counts of Hanau; but that family becoming extinct in 1736, it has since formed part of the dominions of Hesse-Cassel.

HANAU, a large town of Hesse-Cassel, situated on the Kinzig, not far from its junction with the Maine. It is divided into the old and new town, each of which is distinctly governed. The former is ill built, but contains a magnificent castle, and a good classical school. The new town is much larger and more regular, and has a large square, in which is the councilhouse, and a public well in each corner. The houses in this part are mostly in the Dutch style, having been built by Walloon and Flemish emigrants of the seventeenth century. A

part of its population is also descended from Calvinists, who emigrated from France, under Louis XIV. A canal goes from the Maine to the walls of the town, for the convenience of trade. A large proportion of the inhabitants are employed in manufacturing watches, jewellery, camblets, and hats; but the largest manufacture is that of silk. Wood, iron, corn, and flour, are also articles of traffic. Wilhelmsbad, in the neighbourhood, has a well known mineral spring, and public buildings; this place is also the seat of the supreme court for the district, and is the residence of the elector's deputy, generally the heir apparent. In 1792, Hanau was attacked, but not occupied, by the French: but it was entered by them in 1796, in 1797, and afterwards in 1805. In the end of October 1813, an Austrian and Bavarian corps opposed here the grand army of the French in their retreat from Leipsic, and a sanguinary conflict took place, in which the Bavarians were defeated. Inhabitants 12,000, thirteen miles east of Frankfort on the Maine, thirty S. S. E. of Wetzlar, and twenty-seven east of Mentz. Long. 8° 59′ E., lat. 50° 9′ N.

HANAU-LICHTENBERG, a principality belonging formerly to a younger branch of the counts of Hanau. It is chiefly in Alsace, but a part of it on the German side of the Rhine. It is now shared between France, Baden, and HesseDarmstadt. The population of the whole is calculated at rather more than 80,000.

HA'NCES, or HAUNCHES, in architecture, the ends of elliptical arches; and these are the arches of smaller circles than the scheme, or middle part of the arch.

The sweep of the arch will not contain above fourteen inches, and perhaps you must cement pieces to many of the courses in the hance, to make them loug enough to contain fourteen inches.

Moxon.

HANCOCK, county of Maine, United States, bounded north by Penobscot county, east by Washington county, south by the Atlantic, and west by Lincoln and Kennebeck counties. The chief town is Castine. It is well watered by the Penobscot and Union rivers.

HAND, n. s. Sax. þand, pond, and in all the Teutonic dialects. The palm with the fingers; the member with which we hold or use any strument.

in

And on a wall this king his eyen cast, And saw an hand, armles, that wrote ful fast; For fere of whiche he quoke, and siked sore. This hand, that Balthasar so sore agast, Wrote mane, techel, phares, and no more. Chaucer. The Monkes Tale. The nectarine and curious peach Into my hands themselves do reach. They laid hands upon him, and bound him hand and foot. Knolles's History of the Turks. That wonderful instrument the hand, was it made. to be idle? Berkeley. They hand in hand, with wandering steps and slow, Through Eden took their solitary way. Milton.

Each at the head

Levelled his deadly aim; their fatal hands No second stroke intend.

Marvell.

Id.

Measure of four inches; a measure used in the matches of horses; a palm.

Side, right or left.

For the other side of the court-gate on this hand, and that hand, were hangings of fifteen cubits. Exod. xxxviii. 15.

Part; quarter; side.

It is allowed on all hands, that the people of England are more corrupt in their morals than any other nation this day under the sun. Swift. Ready payment with respect to the receiver. Of which offer the bassa accepted, receiving in hand one year's tribute. Knolles's History.

These two must make our duty very easy; a considerable reward in hand, and the assurance of a iar Tillotson. greater recompence hereafter.

Ready payment with regard to the payer. Let not the wages of any man tarry with thee, but give it him out of hand. Tob. iv. 14.

Out of them you dare take in hand to lay open the original of such a nation. Spenser on Ireland.

Manner of gathering or taking.

As her majesty hath received great profit, so may she, by a moderate hand, from time to time reap the like. Bacon.

Workmanship; power or act of manufacturing or making.

An intelligent being, coming out of the hands of infinite perfection, with an aversion or even indifferency to be reunited with its author, the source of its utmost felicity, is such a shock and deformity in the beautiful analogy of things, as is not consistent with finite wisdom and perfection.

Cheyne.

Act of receiving any thing ready to one's hand, when it only waits to be taken.

His power reaches no farther than to compound and divide the materials that are made to his hand; but can do nothing towards the making or destroying one atom of what is already in being. Locke.

Many, whose greatness and fortune were not made to their hands, had sufficient qualifications and opportunities of rising to these high posts. Addison.

Care; necessity of managing Jupiter had a farm a long time upon his hands, for want of a tenant to come up to his price. L'Estrange.

When a statesman wants a day's defence, Or envy holds a whole week's war with sense, Or simple pride for flattery makes demands, May dunce by dunce be whistled off my hands. Pope.

Possession; power. Sacraments serve as the moral instruments of God to that purpose; the use whereof is in our hands, the effect in his. Hooker.

And though you war, like petty wrangling states, You're in my hand; and, when I bid you cease, You shall be crushed together into peace. Dryden. Between the landlord and tenant there must be a quarter of the revenue of the land constantly in their hands. Locke.

It is fruitless pains to learn a language, which one may guess by his temper he will wholly neglect, as soon as an approach to manhood, setting him free from a governor, shall put him into the hands of his own inclination. Locke.

Vectigales Agri were lands taken from the enemy, and distributed amongst the soldiers, or left in the hands of the proprietors under the condition of certain duties. Arbuthnot.

Pressure of the bridle.

Hollow men, like horses, hot at hand, Make gallant show and promise of their mettle. Shakspeare. Method of government; discipline; restraint. Menelaus bare an heavy hand over the citizens, having a malicious mind against his countrymen. 2 Mac. v. 23. He kept a strict hand on his nobility, and chose rather to advance clergymen and lawyers.. Bacon. However a strict hand is to be kept upon all desires of fancy, yet in recreation fancy must be permitted to speak.

Influence; management.

Flattery, the dangerous nurse of vice, Got hand upon his youth, to pleasures bent.

Locke.

Daniel.

That which performs the office of a hand in pointing.

Solyman shewed him his own letters intercepted, asking him if he knew not that hand, if he knew not that seal? Knolles.

Here is the' indictment of the good lord Hastings, Which in a set hand fairly is engrossed; Eleven hours I've spent to write it over. Shakspeare. Being discovered, by their knowledge of Mr. Cowley's hand, I happily escaped.

If my debtors do not keep their day, Deny their hands, and then refuse to pay, I must attend.

Denham.

Dryden.

The way to teach to write is to get a plate graved with the characters of such hand you like. Locke. Whether men write court or Roman hand, or any other, there is something peculiar in every one's writing. Cockburn.

Constantia saw that the hand writing agreed with the contents of the letter. Addison. They were wrote on both sides, and in a small hand. Arbuthnot.

I present these thoughts in an ill hand; but scholars are bad penmen, we seldom regard the mechanick part of writing. Felton. Hand over head. Negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does.

So many strokes of the alarm bell of fear and awaking to other nations, and the facility of the titles, which hand over head have served their turn, doth ring the peal so much the louder. Bacon.

A country fellow got an unlucky tumble from a tree: Thus 'tis, says a passenger, when people will be doing things hand over head, without either fear or wit. L'Estrange.

Hand to hand. Close fight.

In single opposition, hand to hand,
He did confound the best part of an hour.

Shakspeare.

VOL. XI.

Dryden. C

Hand in hand. In union; conjointly.

Had the sea been Marlborough's element, the war had been bestowed there, to the advantage of the country, which would then have gone hand in hand with his own.

Hand in hand. Fit; pat.

Swift.

As fair and as good, a kind of hand in hand comparison, had been something too fair and too good for any lady in Brittany. Shakspeare.

Hand to mouth. As want requires.

I can get bread from hand to mouth, and make even at the year's end. L'Estrange.

To bear in hand. To keep in expectation; to elude.

A rascally yea forsooth knave, to bear in hand, and then stand upon security. Shakspeare.

To be hand and glove. To be intimate and familiar; to suit one another.

HAND, v.a. From the noun.

To give or transmit with the hand.

Judas was not far off, not only because he dipped in the same dish, but because he was so near that our Saviour could hand the sop unto him. Brown.

I have been shewn a written prophecy that is handed among them with great secrecy. Addison.

To guide or lead by the hand.

Angels did hand her up, who next God dwell.

Donne.

By safe and insensible degress he will pass from a boy to a man, which is the most hazardous step in

each other, which give it a great degree of strength, and at the same time an unusual flexibility, to enable it to handle adjacent bodies, lay hold of them, and grasp them, in order either to draw them towards us or thrust them off. Anaxagoras is said to have maintained, that man owes all his wisdom, knowledge, and superiority over other animals, to the use of his hands. The right hand was the place of honor and respect. Amongst the Greeks and Romans it was customary for inferiors to walk on the left hand of superiors, that the right hand might be ready to afford protection and defence to their left side, which, on account of the awkwardness of the left hand, was more exposed to danger.

HAND, in falconry, is used for the foot of the hawk. To have a clean, strong, slender, glutinous hand, well clawed, are good qualities of a hawk or falcon.

HAND, in the manege, is also used for the fore foot of a horse: also for a division of the horse into two parts, with respect to the rider's hand. The fore hand includes the head, neck, and fore quarters; the hind hand is all the rest of the horse.

HANDS are borne in coat armour, dexter and sinister, that is, right and left; expanded or open; and after other manners. A bloody hand in the centre of the escutcheon is the badge of a baronet of Great Britain.

HANDA, Celt. Aonda, i. e. the isle of one

a young man with great diligence handed over it.

To transmit in succession, with down; to deliver from one to another.

I know of no other way of securing these monuments, and making them numerous enough to be handed down to future ages. Addison.

They had not only a tradition of it in general, but even of several the most remarkable particular accidents of it likewise, which they handed downwards to the succeeding ages.

Woodward.

Arts and sciences consist of scattered theorems and practices, which are handed about amongst the masters, and only revealed to the filii artis, 'till some great genius appears, who collects these disjointed propositions, and reduces them into a regular system. Arbuthnot.

One would think a story so fit for age to talk of, and infancy to hear, were incapable of being handed down to us. Pope.

HAND is much used in composition for that which is manageable by the hand, as a handsaw; or borne in the hand, as a handbarrow, &c.

HAND, a member of the human body, at the extremity of the arm. See ANATOMY. The mechanism of the hand is excellently fitted for the various uses and occasions we have for it, and the great number of arts and manufactures in which it is to be employed. It consists of a compages of nerves, and little bones joined into

coast of Sutherland, one mile square. It has a large tremendous rock on the north, from eighty to 100 fathoms high, much frequented by seafowls.

HAND-BARROW, n. s. A frame on which any thing is carried by the hands of two men, without wheeling on the ground.

A hand-barrow, wheelbarrow, shovel, and spade. Tusser. Set the board whereon the hive standeth on a hand-barrow, and carry them to the place you intend. Mortimer.

A portable basket.

HAND-BASKET, N. s. You must have woollen yarn to tie grafts with, and a small hand-basket to carry them in. Mortimer. HAND-BELL, n. s. A bell rung by the hand. The strength of the percussion, is the principal cause of the loudness or softness of sounds; as in Bacon.

ringing of a hand-bell harder or softer.

HAND-BREADTH, n. s. A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm.

A border of an hand-breadth round about. Exodus. Off goth the skinne, an hondbrede al aboute Chaucer. The Milleres Tale. The eastern people determined their hand-breadth by the breadth of barley-corns, six making a digit, and twenty-four a hand's-breadth. Arbuthnot. HAND'ED, adj. HAND'ER, n. s. HAND'ILY, adv. HAND'INESS, n. s. HAND'Y, n. s.

From hand. Having the use of either hand; with hands joined: hander, one who transmits from party to party: handily, with skill or dexterity: handiness, skill; readiness: handy, performed with the hand; dexterous; skilful; convenient; or near.

They were but few, yet they would easily overthrow the great numbers of them, if ever they came to handy blows. Knolles.

HANDEL (George Frederick), an eminent master and composer of music, born at Halle, in Upper Saxony, on the 24th of February, 1684. His father was a physician in that city, and was upwards of sixty years of age when he was born. During his infancy young Handel amused himself with musical instruments, and made considerable progress in the science before he was seven years of age. His propensity for music at last became so strong that his father, who designed him for the law, forbade him to touch an instrument. Handel, however, privately conveyed a small clavichord to a room in the uppermost part of the house, to which he constantly stole when the family were asleep; and thus made such advances in his art as enabled him to play on the harpsichord. He was first noticed by the duke of Saxe Weissenfels on the following occasion. His father went to see another son, by a former wife, who was valet de chambre to the duke, and young Handel, being then in his seventh year, accompanied him. While he was in the duke's court it was impossible to keep him from harpsichords; and he sometimes went into the organ loft at church, and played after service was over. On one of these occasions the duke, happening to go out later than usual, found something so uncommon in his manner of playing, that he enquired for him, and was so much taken with the musical genius he exhibited that be persuaded his father to let him follow his inclinations. On his return to Halle, Handel was placed under Zackaw, the organist of the cathedral, and was even then able to supply his master's place in his absence. At nine years of age he began to compose church services for voices and instruments, and continued to compose one every week for three years. At fourteen he far excelled his master, and was sent to Berlin. The opera was then encouraged by Frederick I. king of Prussia, and under the direction of Buononcini, Attilio, and other eminent Italian masters. Buononcini, being of a haughty disposition, treated Handel with contempt; but Attilio behaved to him with kindness, and he profited much by his instructions. His abilities soon recommended him to the king, who frequently made him presents. After this he went to Hamburgh, where the opera was little inferior to that of Berlin. Soon after his arrival his father died; and, his mother being left in narrow circumstances, he thought it necessary to procure some

scholars, and to accept a place in the orchestra. At this time the first harpsichord in Hamburgh was played by one Keser, who also excelled in composition; but he, having involved himself in debt, was obliged to abscond. Upon this vacancy, the person who had been used to play the second harpsichord claimed the first by right of succession; but was opposed by Handel, who founded his claim solely upon his abilities. After much dispute it was decided in favor of Handel; but his antagonist, as they were coming out of the orchestra, made a push at Handel's breast with a sword, which must undoubtedly have killed him, had there not fortunately been a music-book in the bosom of his coat. Handel, though yet but in his fifteenth year, became composer to the house: and the success of Almeria, his first opera, was so great, that it ran thirty nights without interruption. Within less than a year after this he set two others, called Florinda and Norene, which were received with equal applause. During his stay here, which was about four or five years, he also composed a considerable number of sonatas, which are now lost. His talents now procured him the acquaintance of many persons of note, particularly the prince of Tuscany, brother to John Gaston de Medicis, the grand duke. This prince pressed him to go with him to Italy; but this offer Handel declined, being resolved not to give up his independence for any advantage that could be offered him. In his nineteenth year Handel took a journey to that country, where he was received with the greatest kindness by the prince of Tuscany, as well as by the grand duke; and notwithstanding the difference between the style of the Italian music and the German, to which Handel had hitherto been accustomed, he set an opera called Roderigo, which pleased the grand duke so well that he was rewarded with 100 sequins and a service of plate. After staying about a year in Florence he went to Venice, where he is said to have been first discovered at a masquerade, by his exquisite performance on the harpsichord. Here he composed his opera called Agrippina, which was performed twenty-seven nights successively, with the highest applause. From Venice he proceeded to Rome, where he became acquainted with cardinal Ottoboni and many other dignitaries, by whom he was frequently attacked on account of his religion; but Handel declared he would live and die in the religion in which he had been educated. He now composed an oratorio called Resurrectione, and 150 cantatas, besides some sonatas and other music. Ottoboni contrived to have a trial of skill between him and Dominici Scarlatti. When they came to the organ Scarlatti himself yielded the superiority to Handel. From Rome Handel went to Naples; after which he paid a second visit to Florence: and at last, having spent six years in Italy, set out for his native country. In his way thither he was introduced at the court of Hanover by baron Kilmanseck; when the elector (afterwards king George I.) offered him a pension of 1500 crowns a year, as an inducement for him to continue. This offer he declined, on account of his having promised to visit the court of the elector palatine. The elector, being made