Pre. 27 34 they gave him wine to a drink mingled with gall: and b when he had tasted it, he would not drink. 35 And when they had crucified him, they parted his garments among them, casting lots: 36 and they sat and watched him there. 37 And they set up over his head his accusaction written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS. 38 Then are there crucified with him d two robbers, one on the right hand, and one on the left. 39 And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, 40 and saying, Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days, save thyself: if thou art the Son of God, come down from the cross. e f 41 In like manner also the g chief priests mocking him, with the scribes and elders, said, 42 He saved others; himself he cannot save. He is the h King of Israel; let him now come down from the cross, and we will believe on him. 43 He trusteth on God; let him deliver him now, if he desireth him: for he said, I am the Son of God. 44 And the robbers also that i were crucified with him cast upon him the same reproach. 45 Now from the sixth hour j there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour. 46 And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, * a Pre. 15 23 And they offered him wine mingled with myrrh: but he received it not. 24 And they crucify him, and part his garments among b them, casting lots upon them, what each should take. 25 And it was the third hour, and they crucified him. 26 And the superscription of his accusation was writc ten over, THE KING OF THE JEWS. 27 And with him d one on his right hand, and they crucify two robbers; one on his left. 29 And they that passed e by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, Ha! thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it f in three days, 30 save thyself, and come down from the cross. 31 In like manner also the chief priests mocking him g among themselves with the scribes said, He saved others; himself he cannot h the King of Israel, now save. 32 Let the Christ, come down from the cross, that we may see and believe. And they that were i crucified with him proached him. j re 33 And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole * land until the ninth hour. 34 And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud k saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabach- k voice, Eloi, Eloi, lama sa m thani? that is, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? 47 And some of them that stood there, when they heard it, said, This man calleth Elijah. 48 And straightway one of them ran, and took a sponge, and filled it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink. 49 And the rest said, Let be; let us see whether Elijah cometh to save him. 50 And Jesus cried again n with a loud voice, and yielded up his spirit. 51 And behold, the veil of the temple * was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; * and the earth did quake; and the rocks were rent: 52 and the tombs were opened; and many bodies of the saints that had fallen asleep were raised; 53 and coming forth out of the tombs after his resurrection they entered into the holy * city and appeared unto many. Fol. Fol. j 40 But the other answered, and rebuking him said, Dost thou not even fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation? 41 And we indeed justly, for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss. 42 And he said, Jesus, remember me when thou comest in thy kingdom. 43 And he said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, Today shalt thou be with me in Paradise. 44 And it was now about the sixth hour, and a darkness came over the whole * land until the ninth hour, 45 the sun's light failing: o and the veil of the temple * n Pre. JOHN. 19 18 where they crucified him, d and with him two others, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst. 19 And Pilate wrote a title also, and put it on the cross. And there C was written, JESUS OF NAZA RETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS. 20 This title therefore read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and in Latin, and in Greek. 21 The chief priests of the Jews therefore said to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but, that he said, I am King of the Jews. 22 Pilate answered, What I have written I have written. 23 The soldiers therefore, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also the coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from 24 the top throughout. They said therefore one to another, Let us not rend it, b but cast lots for it, whose it shall be that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, m They parted my garments And upon my vesture did These things therefore the 28 After this Jesus, knowing that all things are now finished, that the scripture might be accomplished, saith, I thirst. 29 There was set there a vessel full of vinegar: so they put a sponge full of the vinegar upon hyssop, and brought it to his mouth. 30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is n finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up his spirit. Fol. loved. In view of this fact, and in view of the character of the passages containing references to the disciples in these books, these passages in John are peculiar, and not above criticism. It is important before coming to the end of the Gospels to show once more how complete is the verbal agreement between them. It is important just now that the attention be directed more especially to the books of Matthew and Mark. Below parallel phrases and sentences are given side by side, begining with g on page liii. MATTHEW. g Then the soldiers.....took Jesus into the palace, and gathered unto him the whole band. h And they......put on him a scarlet robe. And they plaited a crown of thorns and put it upon his head, i and mocked him, saying, Hail, King of the Jews! j And they spat upon him, and took the reed and smote him on the head. * and they kneeled down before him, k and when they had mocked him, they took off from him the robe, and put on him his garments, and led him away to crucify him. 1 And......they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to go with them, that he might bear his cross. m And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, The place of a skull, a they gave him wine to drink mingled with gall: and.....he would not drink. b And when they had crucified him, they parted his garments among them, casting lots: c And they set up over his head his accusation written, ....THE KING OF THE JEWS. d Then are there crucified with him two robbers, one on the right hand, and one on the left. MARK. And the soldiers led him away within the court,..... and they call together the whole band. And they clothe him with purple, and plaiting a crown of thorns, they put it on him; and they began to salute him, Hail, King of the Jews! And they smote his head with a reed, and did spit upon him, and bowing their knees worshipped him. And when they had mocked him, they took off from him the purple, and put on him And they his garments. lead him out to crucify him. And they compel one passing by, Simon of Cyrene, ......to go with them, that he might bear his cross. And they bring, him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull. And they offered him wine mingled with myrrh: but he received it not. And they crucify him, and part his garments among them, casting lots...... And the superscription of his accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS. And with him they crucify two robbers; one on his right hand, and one on his left. It is not It is not necessary to go further. possible that independent accounts by different authors, should be so strangely similar to each other. Nor are the verbal coincidences confined to the passages chosen for this illustra *i in Matthew. Pre. 27 54 Now the centurion, and they that were with him watching Jesus, when they a saw the earthquake, and the things that were done, feared exceedingly, saying, Truly this was the Son of God. 55 And many women were there beholding from afar, which had followed Jesus from Galilee, ministering unto bhim: 56 among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee. 57 And when even was come, there came a rich man C from Arimathæa, named Jo seph, who also himself was Jesus' disciple: 58 this man d went to Pilate, and asked for the body of Jesus. Then Pilate commanded it to be given up. 59 And Joseph e took the body, and wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, 60 and laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn f out in the rock: and he rolled a great stone to the door of the tomb, and departed. 61 And Mary Magdalene was there, and the other Mary, sitting against the sepulchre. Over 62 Now on the morrow, h which is the day after the Preparation, the chief priests and the Pharisees were gathered together unto Pilate, 63 saying, Sir, we remember that that deceiver said, while he was yet alive, After three days I rise again. 64 Command therefore that the sepulchre be made sure until the third day, lest haply his disciples come and steal him away, and say unto the people, He is risen from the dead: and the last error will be worse than the first. 65 Pilate said unto them, Ye have a guard: go your way, make it as sure as ye can. 66 So they went, and made the sepulchre sure, sealing the stone, the guard being with them. e 44 And Pilate marvelled if in a tomb which had been f hewn out of a rock; and he rolled a stone against the door of the tomb. And Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses g 28. Now late on the sabbath day, as it began to dawn toward the first day i of the week, came Mary Magdalene and the other Mary to see the sepulchre. 2 And behold, there was a great earthquake; for an jangel of the Lord descended * from heaven, and came and rolled away the stone, and k sat upon it. 3 His appearkance was as lightning, and * his raiment white as snow: Fol. 47 beheld where he was laid. 16 And when the sab bath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, bought spices, that they might come and anoint him. 2 And very early on the first day of the week, they come to the tomb when the sun risen. was 3 And they were saying among themselves, Who shall roll us away the stone from the door of the tomb? 4 and looking up, they see that the stone is rolled back for it was exceeding jgreat. 5 And entering into the tomb, they saw a young man sitting on the right side, arrayed in a white robe; Fol. 48 And all the multitudes that came together to this sight, when they beheld the things that were done, returned smiting their breasts. 49 And all his acquaintance, and the women that b followed with him from Galilee, stood afar off, seeing these things. 50 And behold, a man c named Joseph, who was a councillor, a good man and a righteous 51 (he had not consented to their counsel and deed), a man of Arimathæa, a city of the Jews, who was looking for the kingdom of God: 52 this man went to Pilate, d and asked for the body of Jesus. 53 And he took it down, and wrapped it in a linen cloth, and laid him in a tomb that was hewn e h f in stone, where never man had yet lain. 54 And it was the day of the Preparation, and the sabbath drew on. 55 And the women, which had come with him out of Galilee, followed after, and beheld the tomb, and how his body was laid. 56 And they returned, and prepared spices and oint g Ꮓ Pre. JOHN. 19 31 The Jews therefore, because it was the Preparah tion, that the bodies should not remain on the cross upon the sabbath (for the day of that sabbath was a high day), asked of Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away. 32 The soldiers therefore came, and break the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him: 33 but when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they break not his legs: 34 howbeit one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and straightway there came out blood and water. 35 And he that hath seen hath borne witness, and his witness is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye also may believe. 36 For these things came to pass, that the scripture might be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken. 37 And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced. e 38 And after these things C Joseph of Arimathæa, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, d asked of Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took away his body. 39 And there came also Nicodemus, he who at she first came to him by night, bringing a Z mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pound weight. 40 So they took the body of Jesus, and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as the custom of the Jews is to bury. 41 Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new f tomb wherein was never man yet laid. 42 There then because of the Jews' Preparation (for the tomb was nigh at hand) they laid Jesus. 20 Now on the first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, while it was yet dark, unto the tomb, jand seeth the stone taken away from the tomb. i Fol. tion. They are conspicuous everywhere. Almost the whole of the three synoptic Gospels may be thus collated with each other like three copies of one work. And while the verbal agreement is in some places not quite so close as in the passages given above, it is not so different but that it indicates rather that somewhat greater changes were made in the originals, than that the books are of independent origin. Beginning on page xxiv, it will be seen that the parallelism existing between Matthew and Mark is almost as complete and perfect page after page as it is here in this account of the Crucifixion. The letters in the margins of the columns, a, a; b, b; c, c; and so on, follow one another with persistent regularity throughout this entire portion of the two books. Whatever differences there are between them consist mostly in passages which seem to have been added to the original account. Many of these added passages, especially in Matthew, are of considerable length; those in Mark do not generally contain more than a verse or two. These longer passages are the most conspicuous differences between the two books; but the most numerous are short phrases, sometimes only a single word, which may often be omitted without detracting from the completeness of the account. Referring to the passages on page 123, Matthew has between the word soldiers and the word took, in g, the phrase "of the governor.' This is an explanatory phrase, and it was not an uncommon practice for copyists to use such commenting phrases. Mark has a similar one. Between the words court and and we find, "which is the Prætorium." Matthew at h reads, "And they stripped him, and put on him a scarlet robe." A marginal note says, "Some ancient authorities read clothed," instead of stripped. Insignificant as this difference may appear, it shows that changes were actually made in the originals; and the difference between clothed and stripped in two copies of Matthew means that the phrase in Matthew, in g, reading, "into the palace," may have been copied from the same source as the phrase "within the court" in Mark, or that "a scarlet robe" and "purple" in h may have had a common origin. Passing on down to the superscription on the cross in c, Mark has it simply (not to use the small capitals), "The King of the Jews"; Matthew has it, "This is Jesus the King of the Jews." They mocked and derided him as being "The King of the Jews"; and it is natural that they should have written over him in 10 * 9 And behold, Jesus met them, saying, All hail. And they came and took hold of his feet, and worshipped him. Then saith Jesus unto them, Fear not: go tell my brethren * that they depart into Galilee, and there shall they see me. 11 Now while they were going, behold, some of the guard came into the city, and told unto the chief priests all the things that were come to pass. 12 And when they were assembled with the elders, and had taken counsel, they gave large money unto the soldiers, 13 saying, Say ye, His disciples came by night, and stole him away while we slept. 14 And if this come to the governor's ears, we will persuade him, and rid you of care. 15 So they took the money, and did as they were taught: and this saying was spread abroad among the Jews, and continueth until this day. 18 b с d Pre. 16 6 * a and they were amazed. And he saith unto them, Be not amazed: ye seek Jesus, the Nazarene, which hath been crucified: he is risen; he is not here: behold, the place where they laid him! 7 But go, tell his disciples and Peter, † He goeth before you into e Galilee: there shall ye see him, as he said unto you. 8 And they went out, and fled from the tomb; for trembfling and astonishment had come upon them: and they said nothing to any one; for they were afraid. 9 Now when he was risen early on the first day of the week, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, from whom he had cast out seven devils. 10 She went and told them that had been with him, as they mourned and wept. 11 And they, when they heard that he was alive, and had been seen of her, g disbelieved. * * 12 And after these things he was manifested in an- * h other form unto two of them,† 16 But the eleven disciples†† went into Galilee, unto the mountain where Jesus had appointed them. 17 And when they saw him, they worshipped * him: but some doubted. And Jesus came to them and spake unto them, saying, All authority hath been given unto me in heaven and on earth. * 19 Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost: 20 teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I commanded you: and lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. END. * as they walked, on their way into the country. 13 And they went away and told it unto the rest: neither believed they them. 14 And afterward he was ⋆ manifested unto the eleven + themselves as they sat at meat; and he upbraided them with their unbelief and hardness of heart, because they believed not them which had seen him after he was risen. 15 And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel 16 to the whole creation. He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that disbelieveth shall be condemned. 17 And these signs shall follow them that believe: in my name shall they cast out devils; they shall speak with new tongues; 18 they shall take up serpents, and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall in no wise hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover. remember how he spake unto things unto the apostles. 11+ And these words appeared in their sight as idle talk; g and they disbelieved them. 12 But Peter arose, and ran unto the tomb; and stooping and looking in, he seeth the linen cloths by themselves; and he departed to his home, wondering at that which was come to pass. 13 And behold, two of them were going that very h day to a village named Emmaus, which was threescore furlongs from Jerusalem. 14 And they communed with which had happened. 15 each other of all these things And it came to pass, while they communed and questioned together, that Jesus ✩ himself drew near, and went with them. 16 But their eyes were holden that they should not know him. 17 And he said unto them, What communications are these that ye have one with another, as ye walk? And they stood still, looking sad. 18 And one of them, named Cleopas, answering said un- * to him, Dost thou alone sojourn in Jerusalem and not know the things which are come to pass there in these days? 19 And he said unto them, What things? And they said unto him, The things concerning Jesus of Nazareth, which was a prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people: Verses 20-53 omit- END. * |