S. 33 and H.R. 1753, the Methane Hydrate Research and Development Act of 1999: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, May 12, 1999

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Pagina 16 - CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW In compliance with subsection (4) of rule XXIX of the Standing Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in italic, existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman) : FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE ACT • »***** SEC.
Pagina 17 - Senate, changes in existing law made by the bill are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in italic, existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman) : PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE ACT...
Pagina 25 - Planned RD&D activities include: laboratory studies and modeling of hydrate dissociation; and production testing in a well-of-opportunity. • Global Carbon Cycle - Develop an understanding of the dynamics and distribution of oceanic and permafrost methane hydrate systems sufficient to quantify their role in the global carbon cycle and climate change. Planned RD&D activities include: microbiological and chemical studies of the fete of methane in the ocean and atmosphere; and monitoring seafloor hydrate...
Pagina 24 - Future of Methane Hydrate Research and Resource Development." The objective was to take the first step in developing, jointly with the Department of the Interior and the Department of Defense (Naval Research Laboratory), a new R&D program for methane hydrates. On May 12. 1998, a second workshop was held in Washington, DC, specifically to review a "strawman" Methane Hydrates Program Plan.
Pagina 21 - Natural gas is expected to take on a greater role in power generation, largely because of increasing pressure for clean fuels and the relatively low capital costs of building new natural gas-fired power equipment. Also, gas demand is expected to grow because of its expanded use as a transportation fuel and potentially, in the longer-term, as a source of alternative liquid fuels (gas-to-liquids conversion) and hydrogen for fuel cells. Should the nation move to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, as part...
Pagina 33 - ... to 270,000,000 trillion cubic feet of gas. Despite the enormous range of these estimates, gas hydrates seem to be a much greater resource of natural gas than conventional accumulations. Even though gas hydrates are known to occur in numerous marine and Arctic settings, little is known about the geologic controls on their distribution. The presence of gas hydrates in offshore continental margins has been inferred mainly from anomalous seismic reflectors that coincide with the base of the gas-hydrate...
Pagina 21 - Unlike previous drilling operations which had encountered evidence of hydrates, researchers onboard the Challenger were able to recover a sample intact. Today, methane hydrates have been detected around most continental margins. Around the United States, large deposits have been identified and studied in Alaska, the west coast from California to Washington, the east coast, including the Blake Ridge offshore of the Carolina*, and in the Gulf of Mexico.
Pagina 34 - It is possible that both natural and human induced changes can contribute to in-situ gas hydrate dcstabilization which may convert a hydrate-bearing sediment to a gassy water-rich fluid, triggering seafloor subsidence and catastrophic landslides. Evidence implicating gas hydrates in triggering seafloor landslides has been found along the Atlantic Ocean margin of the United States. The mechanisms controlling gas hydrate induced seafloor subsidence and landslides are not well known, however these processes...
Pagina 52 - Global energy projections are uncertain because of the potential for marked changes in demand in developing countries, including China, India, and Brazil, and the transitional economies of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. However, it is clear that the US will continue to consume large volumes of natural gas. US consumption is expected to increase from almost 23 Tcf in 1996 to over 32 Tcf in 2020 (Energy Information Administration (EIA), 1997]. What are the Key Issues Constraining Hydrate...
Pagina 15 - Paragraph (d) lists the responsibilities of the Secretary of Energy in implementing the methane hydrate research and development program. Section 4 amends the definition of "marine mineral resource" in the Mining and Mineral Policy Act of 1970 (as added by the Marine Mineral Resources Research Act of 1996) to include methane hydrates. Section 5 authorizes the appropriation of such funds as are necessary to carry out the methane hydrate research and development program. COST AND BUDGETARY CONSIDERATIONS...

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