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PARAGRAPH 607-CASEIN.

Mr. BOWER. If you bring it fron 40 per cent to 60 per cent, that is a certain refinement; if you bring it from 60 per cent to 99 per cent, that is another. You see, there is 88 per cent carbonate of potash, 90 per cent, 95 per cent, and 99 per cent.

Mr. HARRISON. Is that all?

Mr. BOWER. That is all, sir.

Lac spirits is an obsolete article, which was used as a mordant in dyeing scarlets with lac dye. Its use, so far as we have been able to ascertain, has been entirely discontinued.

Perchloride of tin, of which we are manufacturers, has been admitted free of duty as lac spirits, under a decision of the United States Court of Customs Appeals, reversing a decision of No. 1 Board of Appraisers. We have sold several million pounds of perchloride of tin in the 20 years that we have been manufacturing it, and have never sold one pound for use as a mordant, all of our product having gone to the silk dyers for use as a weighting material. We feel that the decision of the United States Court of Customs Appeals can not be supported by any facts that we have been able to gather.

We would therefore ask that lac spirits be stricken from the free list, and that paragraph 75 in House bill 20182, as follows:

Tin, chloride of, tetrachloride of, crystals, and all other compounds of tin, not specially provided for in this act or in the first section of the act cited for amendment, 15 per centum ad valorem.

be embodied in any bill that your committee may report.

Refined carbonate of potash is not produced or manufactured in the United States. The sources of supply are as follows: The washing of wool, the manufacture of beet-root sugar, and the conversion of sulphate of potash into carbonate by the Le Blanc process.

We are manufacturers of yellow prussiate of potash and use carbonate of potash in its manufacture. Any duty levied on refined carbonate of potash would increase the cost of manufacturing prussiate of potash. Refined carbonate of potash is not a competitive article, and the duty would be merely for revenue.

We would, therefore, ask that refined carbonate of potash be allowed to remain in the free list; or if it is decided by your committee to place a duty on this article, then we would request that you give the users of refined carbonate of potash an equivalent increase in the duties on the products which are made from it.

PARAGRAPH 607.

Lactarene, or casein.

CASEIN.

BRIEF SUBMITTED IN BEHALF OF INTERNATIONAL MILK PRODUCTS CO. AND MILK BY-PRODUCTS CO.

The International Milk Products Co. and Milk By-Products Co. are concerns located in New York State and engaged in the production and manufacture of milk and dairy products and by-products.

They are asking for the imposition of a tariff duty on the importation of casein, as known in commercial trade, but sometimes designated in other circles as lactarine. Casein is a by-product manufactured from skim milk and its component parts are known in commercial trade, but sometimes designated in other circles as lactarine.

PARAGRAPH 607-CASEIN.

Casein is a by-product manufactured from skim milk and its component parts are the same as the ordinary American cheese, except that in casein the product is reduced to a dried form and pulverized.

Casein is employed almost entirely in the glazed paper manufacturing trade. Dissolved it forms a tenacious gluey liquid, which is combined with clay, the latter being the principal component part of the coated surface of glazed papers.

The proportions of these two materials being substantially 15 pounds of casein to 100 pounds of clay. The present market price of this clay is something less than 1 cents per pound; of casein 74 cents per pound.

The average weight of the coating employed on a ream of glazed paper (22 by 28 inches) is about IS pounds, the proportion of casein being approximately 24 pounds. The applicants ask for the imposition of a tariff rate of 2 cents a pound on this commodity believing that it will afford a legitimate means of revenue for the uses of the Federal Government raised on an article which can not be classed as one of the necessities of life, although the finished product into which it enters is unquestionably of quite general use and convenience.

The average consumption of the ordinary individual of the finished product is also that limited that such a tax would not impose hardship on him; in fact it is improbable that it would affect the price to the ultimate consumer.

The importation of foreign casein and its increase in the past few years are shown by the following table:

Importations.

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The domestic production, as far as any reliable statistics exist, was, 1905, 11,581,874 pounds; and 1910, 13,018,298 pounds.

There are no statistics compiled showing the domestic production for the years 1911 and 1912, but it is certain that it was less than the preceding year, which shortage to a certain extent accounts for the marked increase in importations in 1911.

In the latter year the average price for the domestic article was 10 cents a pound. During that year and the following, owing to the large volume of importations, such a surplusage accumulated that both the demand for the product was naturally lessened and the price was depressed, which conditions now continue, the current price for the domestic article at the present time being about 7 cents.

Owing to the low price and the limited demand for the product, as a result of the accumulated stock, the larger portion of small producers were obliged to discontinue the manufacture of the product throughout the season of 1912, and a number of the larger concerns have also discontinued the production as unprofitable, a condition which still prevails.

The concerns which the compiler of this brief represents, while a fair factor in production considered as a finished product, as well as the others also producing a completed article, by no means constitute all the interests affected.

The bulk of the product is manufactured in a crude form by concerns who do not obtain in the operation of their business a sufficient quantity of raw material (skim milk to justify them in installing the necessary equipment to make a completed article.

These people-the average butter plant and small milk shipper-are in reality more affected than the others, and many have been compelled to discontinue the production of the crude article.

Practically all dairymen, particularly in the Eastern States, who are selling whole milk to either butter manufacturing plants, or milk shippers, are affected as well, as it is apparent that if the manufacturer can obtain a fair price for his by-products he can pay more for milk. It can be safely stated, as far as Eastern States are concerned, that with the present high prices of feeds, no manufacturer can pay a price sufficient to make milk production pay even a living to the dairymen, unless such manufacturers utilize the by-products. A condition that prohibited their production by the smaller manufacturer militated directly against the interests of the dairymen. As stated before, the importations of the year 1911 were most probably abnormal,

PARAGRAPH 610-LEMON JUICE.

and a fair estimate of the importation of casein would be about 10,000,000 pounds on which the revenue, on the basis asked for, would be $200,000.

Importations are made principally from France, Italy, Sweden, and South America, the quality of those from the European countries being about the same as the better grades of the domestic production and that from South America somewhat inferior the average home product.

In making these estimates, the compiler has endeavored to gain as reliable information as possible from those engaged in the industry and believes that the statements of this brief are substantially correct as to figures given, being aided somewhat by personal experience from personal connection with the business for about 10 years. All of which is respectfully submitted.

JULIEN SCOTT,
Bainbridge, N. Y.

PARAGRAPH 608.

Lava, unmanufactured.

PARAGRAPH 609.

Leeches.

PARAGRAPH 610.

Lemon juice, lime juice, and sour orange juice, all the foregoing containing not more than two per centum of alcohol.

LEMON JUICE.

NEW YORK, N. Y., January 31, 1913.

Hon. OSCAR W. UNDERWOOD,

Chairman Committee on Ways and Means,

House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.

DEAR SIR: Pursuant to your notice of tariff hearings, 1913, dated December 11, 1912, we beg to submit the following:

The items mentioned herein refer to the present tariff law.

PARAGRAPHS 610-613.-Lemon juice, lime juice, and citrate of lime.

Referring to our brief dated January 6, 1913, under the heading of citric acid, lime, citrate of, lemon juice and lime juice, and printed in the dutiable portion of hearings, we respectfully submit that lime, citrate of, lemon juice and lime juice, should all be retained on the free list for the reasons as outlined in our above-mentioned brief, No country in the world, to our knowledge, has a duty on these materials, and should a tariff on them be effected by your honorable body, American manufacturers would be placed at a great disadvantage in the manufacture of citric acid, which is derived from these crude materials, in competition with foreign manufacturers.

PARAGRAPH 527.-Camphor, crude, natural.

Referring to our brief dated January 6, 1913, under the heading of camphor, refined, and synthetic camphor. Camphor, crude, natural, and printed in the dutiable portion of hearings, we respectfully submit that, for reasons as stated in our above-mentioned brief, camphor, crude, natural, should be retained on the free list.

PARAGRAPH 593.-Iodine, crude.

Referring to joint brief dated January 6, 1913, of various manufacturing chemists, under the heading of medicinal and other fine chemicals, of which brief we were one of the signers, and which brief was printed in the dutiable portion of hearings, we respectfully submit that iodine, crude, be retained on the free list for the reasons as outlined in the above-mentioned joint brief.

Respectfully, yours,

CHARLES PFIZER & Co. (Inc.),
FRANKLIN BLACK, Secretary.

PARAGRAPH 619-MANGANESE ORE.

PARAGRAPH 611.

Licorice root, unground.

PARAGRAPH 612.

Lifeboats and life-saving apparatus specially imported by societies incorporated or established to encourage the saving of human life.

PARAGRAPH 613.

Lime, citrate of.

PARAGRAPH 614.

Lithographic stones, not engraved.

PARAGRAPH 615.

Litmus, prepared or not prepared.

PARAGRAPH 616.

Loadstones.

PARAGRAPH 617.

Madder and munjeet, or Indian madder, ground or prepared, and all extracts of.

PARAGRAPH 618.

Magnesite, crude or calcined, not purified.

PARAGRAPH 619.

Manganese, oxide and ore of.

MANGANESE ORE.

BRIEF OF THE HARSHAW FULLER & GOODWIN CO., CLEVE

LAND, OHIO.

CLEVELAND, January 6, 1913.

The COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS,

House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.

GENTLEMEN: We beg respectfully to direct your attention to a condition affecting the manganese industry, which in our opinion calls for relief. We have for a number of years imported large quantities of manganese ore from the caucasus in southern Russia. The ore is shipped to us in bulk in 500 to 1,000 ton lots, just as it comes from the mines, except that it is run through a washing process at the mines to free it from silica and other foreign substances. In this state it is known to commerce as manganese ore. It differs from the manganese ore used by steel makers in its metallic composition. We receive most of our shipments through the port of Baltimore, and from there it is transported to our works in Elyria, Ohio, where it is ground and graded for the use of manufacturers of dry batteries, glass, brick, and driers. After grinding, the ore is run through screens of various sizes, as some consumers require a finely powdered material, while others must have it in granulated form or in lumps of uniform size. The business of buying the ore in its crude form, bringing it to this country, grinding, and grading it was started by our company several years ago. We have built up an extensive business and employed a considerable number of workmen. The value of the ore is approximately $12 a ton, ex vessel Baltimore. The average cost for grinding, grading as to size, and packing in barrels and casks is $6 a ton. We pay ordinary labor $2 a day and skilled labor from $2.50 to $3.50 a day, and use barrels and casks that are made by American coopers receiving American scale of wage. The machinery that we use is the product of American factories. During the past two or three years foreign plants similar to ours have been established at Antwerp, Rotterdam, and Hamburg, where the ore is now being ground, graded, packed, and shipped direct to consumers in this country. Owing to the lower labor costs for doing this work abroad, we are unable to meet this competition, and our business has latterly become unprofitable. Moreover, shipments are made from abroad to interior points in the United States on through bills of lading at commodity rates, whereas we are obliged to pay regular sixth-class rate on shipments from our factory to our customers. Our interior cities are therefore quite accessible to the foreign competitors.

The Payne Act puts crude manganese ore on the free list, and properly so, in our opinion, but our contention is that after grinding, grading, and packing it becomes a manufactured article in whole or in part, and should not be admitted under the clause referred to. The Treasury Department, under decisions Nos. 30002 and 30249, hold

PARAGRAPH 624-MEDALS.

against us, but we are, nevertheless, of the opinion that the framers of the tariff law never intended to admit free of duty manganese oxide or ore which had been ground, graded, and otherwise advanced in value to the extent of more than 50 per cent of its original value. We would respectfully suggest to this committee that paragraph No. 619 of the free list of the Payne Act be amended to read as follows:

"Manganese, oxide and ore of, when not ground, graded, packed in bags, barrels, or other packages.'

We make this recommendation in the interest of American labor. It is purely a question of whether it should be done abroad at the foreign rate of wage or whether it should be done in this country by American workmen receiving American rate of wage. If the latter, duty must be provided to cover the difference in the labor cost. Respectfully, RALPH L. FULLER, Secretary.

PARAGRAPH 620.

Manna.

PARAGRAPH 621.

Manuscripts.

PARAGRAPH 622.

Marrow, crude.

PARAGRAPH 623.

Marshmallow or althea root, leaves or flowers, natural or unmanufactured.

PARAGRAPH 624.

Medals of gold, silver, or copper, and other metallic articles actually bestowed as trophies or prizes, and received and accepted as honorary distinctions.

MEDALS.

BRIEF OF THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION, NEW YORK, N. Y., ET AL.

Hon. OSCAR W. UNDERWOOD,

NEW YORK, February 17, 1913.

Chairman Committee on Ways and Means.

SIR: I am handing you herewith a brief from the American Numismatic Society and the American Numismatic Association, respectfully asking that the duty on med

als be remitted.

The matter is fully covered in the brief, but I desire to add that the American Numismatic Society is the oldest of its kind in the United States, organized in 1858 and incorporated in 1865, and having in its membership a large number of representative men. It maintains a numismatic museum, which is free to the public, and is the only building in the world devoted exclusively to that purpose. The American Numismatic Association is national in character. Its educational and historical advantages and benefits were recognized when it was granted a Federal charter by Congress on May 9, 1912.

Any further information which may be required will be cheerfully furnished by Yours, very respectfully,

ROBERT JAMES EIDLITZ.

Proceedings of fifty-fourth annual meeting, 1912, inclosed.

Hon. OSCAR W. UNDERWOOD,

Chairman Committee on Ways and Means.

NEW YORK, February 15, 1913.

SIR: We, the American Numismatic Society and the American Numismatic Association, desire respectfully to call attention to the subject of duties on medals, as now imposed by the Customs Department of the United States. The Encyclopedia Britannica defines, "Medal-strictly the term given to a memorial piece, originally of metal, and generally in the shape of a coin, used however not as currency but as an artistic product. The term 'nedal' is artistically extended by analogy to pieces

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