The two leaders expressed deep satisfaction with the broad convergence of views between their Governments on the importance of building a united Europe within the Atlantic community. They reaffirmed the validity of the Atlantic alliance as an instrument for safeguarding the peace and as an essential element for assuring stability and balance in the world. They agreed on the desirability of the construction of a united Europe as a vital element in the framework of Western civilization and as an important factor in the maintenance of world peace.

In reviewing the objectives and policies of their Governments, President Johnson and Prime Minister Moro noted that their Governments share the objectives of freedom, peace, and international cooperation and of assuring a good life for all of their people based on the principles of democracy and social justice.

The two leaders also agreed to explore possibilities of further and closer cooperation in the common effort to foster progress of the peoples of developing countries and to combat poverty in the world.

The Prime Minister and his party will conclude the Washington phase of their visit and depart for New York via Philadelphia on the morning of April 22. They will leave for Italy on the evening of April 24.

SPAIN

Document IV-90

Reply Made by the Secretary of State (Rusk) to a Question Asked at a News Conference, December 9, 1965 13

Visit of the Secretary of State to Spain

I came through Madrid on my way back from the NATO meeting

13 Ibid., Dec. 27, 1965, p. 1010. Announcement of Secretary Rusk's intention to visit Spain had been made on Dec. 8. He stopped in Madrid on Dec. 16 for talks with Spanish Chief of State Gen. Franco and other officials on his return trip from the NATO Council of Ministers meeting (see ante, doc. IV-28). No communiqué was issued.

contribute to the relaxation of international tension and the consolidation of a durable peace.

The two sides expressed the view that states with different social systems, carrying out a policy of peaceful coexistence and cooperation on the basis of the principles of noninterference in each others' internal affairs and of complete equality, will contribute to the easing of international tension and the establishment of durable peace.

The two sides stated that the United Nations is an important factor for the maintenance of international peace and security and pointed to the necessity of strengthening this organization. The sides have expressed the view that strict observance of the U.N. Charter and respect for obligations under agreements and other sources of international law will serve to consolidate peace and develop international cooperation. The two sides deemed it necessary to support efforts for general and complete disarmament under effective international control and expressed the hope that agreement will be reached between states on partial measures which could contribute to the cause of a general and complete disarmament.

The sides expressed their belief that the right of the peoples to live without any colonial oppression is one of the basic conditions for the guarantee of a durable peace and stressed the importance attached by their governments to the implementation of the U.N. Charter in conjunction with the granting of independence to the countries and peoples under colonial administration.

19

1965 statements of the USSR Foreign Minister. The two governments have confirmed the need of all the sides concerned and all U.N. member states to abide by the 4 March 1964 20 and the 10 August 1965 21 resolutions adopted unanimously by the Security Council, and also supported by the parties concerned, to refrain from any action which could aggravate the situation in Cyprus. Both sides are of the opinion that a solution to the Cyprus problems should be based on respect for the independence and territorial integrity of Cyprus, with observance of the lawful rights of the two national communities in Cyprus-Turkish and Greek-insuring their peaceful life, and on recognition of the fact of the existence of two national communities on the island. The governments of the two countries declared that in the question of Cyprus, as in all international questions, conflicts

19 Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko visited Turkey, May 17-22, 1965. At the conclusion of his stay, he issued a joint communiqué with the Turkish Foreign Minister, Hasan Isik, reaffirming the wording of a similar Nov. 1964 document which had said the following in regard to Cyprus: "Both sides expressed their support for a solution of the Cyprus problem by peaceful means on the basis of respect for the independence and territorial integrity of Cyprus and for the legal rights of the two national communities, and recognition of the existence of two national communities on the island." (Keesing's Contemporary Archives, 1965-1966, vol. XV, p. 20630.)

20 Text in American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1964, pp. 566-567. "Ante, doc. IV-81.

of all kinds should be settled by peaceful means on the basis of lawful rights and the principles of justice.

Concerning Soviet-Turkish relations, both sides noted with satisfaction that, abiding as they do by the principles of independence, territorial integrity, equality, and mutual respect, they are sincerely desirous of developing good-neighbor relations between them. Both sides have established that mutual, informal contacts serve mutual understanding and are beneficial to world peace.

In considering economic relations between Turkey and the Soviet Union, the heads of both governments expressed their satisfaction with the progress of mutual trade in the past year. The sides have also reached agreement on the following point for maintaining the exchange of goods between the two countries at a high level: The Turkish side will buy machinery and equipment from the Soviet Union to establish industrial establishments, while the Soviet side will purchase national produce from Turkey on a larger scale.22

On Aug. 20 Turkish Prime Minister Urguplu issued a statement at Ankars outlining Soviet economic aid to Turkey in the form of financial help in the construction of 9 factories and a water diversion project on the Arpacay River (Keesing's Contemporary Archives, 1965–1966, vol. XV, p. 20936).

European States

Document IV-92

Resolution 2029 (XX), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 21, 19651

Encouragement of Regional Cooperation "Among European States Having Different Social and Political Systems"

The General Assembly,

Bearing in mind the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations in which Member States have affirmed their resolve to live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to develop friendly relations among nations in order to strengthen peace,

Recalling its resolutions 1236 (XII) of 14 December 1957 2 and 1301 (XIII) of 10 December 1958 3 calling upon States to make every effort to strengthen international peace and to develop friendly and co-operative relations, and to take effective steps towards the implementation of principles of peaceful and neighbourly relations,

Aware of the responsibility which today devolves upon all countries, great and small, to establish an atmosphere of co-operation and security throughout the world, and of the role that the existence and development of bilateral good neighbourly relations and understanding among States can play in achieving that goal,

1 U.N. doc. A/6014, p. 10. This resolution, sponsored by the delegations of Rumania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Sweden, and Yugoslavia, was adopted by acclamation.

Text in American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1957, p. 99.

Text ibid., 1958, pp. 131-132.

Noting with satisfaction the increasing concern for the development of reciprocal co-operative relations in many fields among European States having different social and political systems, based on the principles of equal rights, respect and mutual interests,

Convinced that any improvement in relations among European countries, being in the interest of the States in that part of the world, has at the same time a positive effect on international relations as a whole and thus contributes to the creation of an atmosphere conducive to peace and international security and to the settlement of the major problems which have not yet been solved,

1. Welcomes the growing interest in the development of good neighbourly relations and co-operation among European States having different social and political systems, in the political, economic, technical, scientific, cultural and other fields;

2. Emphasizes the importance of maintaining and increasing contacts between those States for the purpose of developing peaceful co-operation among the peoples of the European continent, with a view to strengthening peace and security in Europe by all possible means;

3. Requests the Governments of the European States to intensify their efforts to improve reciprocal relations, with a view to creating an atmosphere of confidence which will be conducive to an effective consideration of the problems which are still hampering the relaxation of tension in Europe and throughout the world;

4. Decides to continue to give its attention to measures and actions for promoting good neighbourly relations and co-operation in Europe.

1408th plenary meeting.

[Doc. IV-92] 527