countries at their request in action programs dealing with population problems. We believe that member governments should be able to obtain from the United Nations and its agencies such assistance as they need and request.

Mr. Chairman, this subject was given thorough consideration at the 39th session of the Economic and Social Council, and it was on the basis of those deliberations that the Council passed Resolution 1084.37 Even more detailed examination was made at the recent conference at Belgrade. Under the crowded schedule of this committee, we would have considered it perhaps more appropriate to have a resolution merely noting the Economic and Social Council's resolution and the Secretary-General's report on the Belgrade conference. Nevertheless, Mr. Chairman, my delegation supports this draft resolution and its most able introducer, the distinguished representative of India, because, as you may judge from what I have said, there are no important differences between my Government's policies with regard to population growth and economic development and the draft resolution. We will therefore vote in favor of it."

Document II-57

38

Resolution 2084 (XX), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 20, 1965 **

United Nations "Serious Concern at the Lack of Progress in Solving the Substantive Problems With Which the [UNCTAD] Conference Was Faced"

#July 30, 1965 (text in U.N. doc. E/4117, pp. 18-19).

UN. doc. A/C.2/L.835/Rev.1.

A proposal to postpone consideration of the agenda item on "Population growth and economic development" until the 21st session of the U.N. General Assembly was adopted in Committee II on Dec. 15, 1965, and in the U.N. General Assembly on Dec. 20, 1965. [Footnote in source text.]

U.N. doc. A/6014, pp. 25-26. This resolution, adopted without objection, established the headquarters of UNCTAD at Geneva. For the work of UNCTAD, see American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1964, pp. 149-170 and ante, doc. II-50.

Bearing in mind the recommendation made by the Committee for Industrial Development at its fourth and fifth sessions that a specialized agency for industrial development should be promptly established,"

Taking into account the proposal contained in the report of the Advisory Committee of Experts regarding the establishment of a United Nations industrial development organization,**

Taking also into account the recommendation contained in annex A.III.1 of the Final Act of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development that the General Assembly should take suitable action with a view to establishing a special

41 U.N. doc. A/6014, pp. 28–29. This resolution was adopted unanimously. During the debate in the U.N. General Assembly on Dec. 20, 1965, the U.S. Representative, James Roosevelt, said: "This draft resolution. . . is an outstanding example of the progress which can be made on important questions related to economic development when there is a will on the part of developing and developed countries to move forward and take practical steps." (U.N. doc. A/PV.1404.)

42 Text in U.N. doc. A/5515, pp. 30-31. 43 See U.N. docs. E/3869 and E/4065. 44 See U.N.doc. E/3781, annex VIII.

ized agency for industrial development,15

Recalling Economic and Social Council resolution 1081 F (XXXIX) of 30 July 1965, in which the Council noted with appreciation the report prepared by the SecretaryGeneral on the scope, structure and functions of a specialized agency for industrial development," and Council resolution 1030 B (XXXVII) of 13 August 1964,"

Taking note of the widespread desire for a comprehensive organization for industrial development,

1. Decides to establish within the United Nations an autonomous organization for the promotion of industrial development to be known as the United Nations Organization for Industrial Development;"

2. Decides that the administrative and research activities of this organization shall be financed from the United Nations regular budget, and its operational activities shall be financed from voluntary contributions to it by Governments of the States Members of the United Nations and members of the specialized agencies and of the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as through participation in the United Nations Development Programme on the same basis as other participating organizations;

3. Decides that the principal organ of the organization shall be the Industrial Development Board;

4. Requests the Secretary-General to make arrangements, in accordance with Article 101 of the Charter of the United Nations," for the immediate establishment of an adequate, permanent and full-time secretariat, as a part of the organization, which will avail itself of the other appropriate facilities of the Secretariat of the United Nations;

5. Decides that the secretariat of the organization shall be headed by

45 See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1964, p. 163.

46 U.N. doc. A/5826.

See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1964, p. 186.

48 Subsequently designated U.N. Industrial Development Organization by UN. General Assembly Res 2152 (XXI) of Nov. 17, 1966 (U.N. doc. A/RES/2152 (XXI)).

49 Text in American Foreign Policy,

1950-1955: Basic Documents, vol. I, pp. 134-161.

an Executive Director, who shall be appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations and whose appointment shall be confirmed by the General Assembly;

6. Decides to set up an Ad Hoc Committee on the United Nations Organization for Industrial Development, composed of thirty-six States Members of the United Nations and members of the specialized agencies and of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and chosen in accordance with the principle of equitable geographical representation, to prepare the necessary operating procedures and administrative arrangements of the organization established under paragraphs 1 to 5 above, taking into account the reports of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly, a note by the Secretary-General," the reports of the Committee for Industrial Development 52 and the relevant views expressed in that Committee, in the Economic and Social Council, at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and in the General Assembly, and to report thereon to the Committee for Industrial Development at its sixth session, to the Economic and Social Council at its forty-first session and to the General Assembly at its twenty-first session;

"The Negro American Is Finally at 'the Starting Line' -Ready To Pursue First-Class Citizenship in His Own Country"

Document II-61

Proclamation No. 3691, Issued by the President (Johnson), December 2, 1965❜

Designation of

December 10, 1965, as Human Rights Day and December 15, 1965 as Bill of Rights Day

4 See U.N. Economic and Social Council Res. 1081 B (XXXIX) of July 30, 1965; text ibid., p. 4.

"At its 1408th plenary meeting, on 21 December 1965, the General Assembly appointed, on the proposal of the President of the Assembly, the members of the Ad Hoc Committee on the United Nations Organization for Industrial Development, established under paragraph 6 of the above resolution.

"The Ad Hoc Committee will be composed of the following States: ARGENTINA, AUSTRALIA, BRAZIL, CHAD, COLOMBIA, COSTA RICA, CUBA, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, FINLAND, FRANCE, GUINEA, INDIA, ITALY, JAPAN, JORDAN, LIBYA, MEXICO, NETHERLANDS, NIGERIA, PAKISTAN, PERU, PHILIPPINES, ROMANIA, SPAIN, SUDAN,

SWEDEN, SYRIA, THAILAND, TUNISIA, UGANDA, UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and YUGOSLAVIA." [Note in source text.]

56 U.N. doc. A/6014, p. 31. This resolution, recommended by Committee II of the U.N. General Assembly, was adopted by a vote of 95 to 0, with 8 abstentions. For U.S. support of this request, see ante, doc. II54.

1 Department of State Bulletin, Sept. 27, 1965, pp. 532-536.

230 Fed. Reg. 15139; also, the Department of State Bulletin, Dec. 27, 1965, p. 1013. Dec. 10, 1965, was the 17th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (text in A Decade of American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, 1941-1949, pp. 1156-1159), and Dec. 15, 1965, was the 174th anniversary of the first ten Amendments to the Constitution of the United States-the Bill of Rights (text in 1 Stat. 21; also 1 U.S.C., pp. xlvi-xlvii).

Document II-62

Statement Made by the U.S. Representative (Willis) in Committee III of the U.N. General Assembly, December 13, 1965 3

United States Support

of the Proposal To Create the Post of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

Of the fundamental areas of activity for our organization, mentioned earlier by my distinguished colleague from the United Kingdom, my Government agrees that it is the area of human rights which has been relatively neglected. We believe that we should take practical steps now to remedy this neglect. The United Nations needs an increased executive capacity in the field of human rights. We support the proposal of Costa Rica to create the post of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, a move to establish this increased executive capacity. It is time to follow up on some of the ringing statements that have been made on the subject.

I would not wish to take the committee's time with a detailed exposition of my Government's view as to what the proposed High Commissioner might be able to do. However, in brief outline form let me indicate that we believe he could assist significantly in the dispassionate consideration by United Nations bodies of human rights around the world by providing an objective report annually on the state of human rights throughout the world. A High Commissioner for Human Rights might also be able to provide appropriate services and assistance to governments at their request. Such assistance and services might include advice on the establishment of new agencies or procedures that would operate in conformity with accepted human rights standards. Also at the request of governments, the High Commissioner for Human Rights might be able to assist by making available his good offices in cases of international or national

3 Department of State Bulletin, Jan. 31, 1966, pp. 178-179.

disputes over alleged human rights violations.

Let me also say that we believe that the High Commissioner would not impinge upon the present procedures for dealing with human rights complaints. If the terms of reference are properly drawn and a person of the desired qualifications fills the post, there would be no reason to believe that a High Commissioner for Human Rights would impinge on the domestic jurisdiction of member states.

At this late stage in this 20th session there is no time for our committee to discuss this proposal in detail. It appears to my delegation that the practical and sensible thing to do is to refer the proposal to the Commission on Human Rights. My delegation therefore heartily endorses the resolution sponsored by the delegations of Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Nigeria contained in document A/ C.3/L.1328. My delegation hopes that this resolution will command wide, if not unanimous, support of our committee.*

Document II-63

Statement Made by the U.S. Representative (Goldberg) in Committee III of the U.N. General Assembly, December 14, 1965

United States Agreement With the "Constructive Humanitarian Objectives" of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

Mr. Chairman, I welcome the opportunity to join the members of the Third Committee at a significant juncture in the history of the United Nations and in the search for world law and order. We may one day

The U.N. General Assembly, in plenary session on Dec. 16, 1965, adopted unanimously a resolution (A/RES/2062 (XX); A/C.3/L.1328, as amended) which referred the proposal to the Commission on Human Rights. [Footnote in source text.] (For the text of the resolution, see U.N. doc. A/6014, p. 43.)

5 Department of State Bulletin, Feb. 7, 1966, pp. 212–216.

solve the many and complex political problems that now make the peace so vulnerable, but solving them will not lead to a community of nations safe from "the scourge of war" unless we simultaneously root out and eliminate all instances of inequality and man's inhumanity to man.

The adoption by this committee of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, therefore, goes to the core of so much of the turmoil and injustice that still marks the world of the 20th century. As one who has devoted a large part of his life to the fight against discrimination, it is a matter of deep personal significance and satisfaction to me that I may speak to you about matters so close to the hearts of all of us in this room.

I would, at the same time, like to explain the vote of the United States delegation and tell you of our interpretation and reaction to certain of the convention's provisions.

It is particularly appropriate that the convention has been adopted at a time when we mark the 17th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.' That declaration was a first step by the United Nations to give voice and purpose to its basic premise that "recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world."

But this organization well knew that, in spite of the revolutionary concept of the Universal Declaration, it could not stop with mere recognition of noble aspirations and that it must lend purpose and force to the attainment of the fundamental human rights and freedoms of every person on this earth. This is precisely what the committee has now done in adopting this convention.

It is, moreover, a fateful service to the entire cause of human freedom that this convention synthesizes, as it does for the most part,

Annex to doc. II-65, post.

Text in A Decade of American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, 1941-1949, pp. 1156-1159.

the views held by the great majority of member states of this United Nations concerning the evil nature of racial discrimination and those meaningful measures which will be most effective in realizing what we hope and trust will be its total elimination from our world.

In the long run, any work that is to be lasting demands the good faith of all who participate in it. So it will be with the work of the states parties to this convention, and all pious statements and declarations of intent sounded in this chamber, no matter how laudable, will not lessen the practice of discrimination by one hour unless what we say is backed, not with more words in our own lands, but with realistic action in keeping with the spirit of our convention.

Indeed, I would say the time has long passed for mere protestations about how much we loathe discrimination. The test of our loathing will be the speed and effectiveness with which each and every nation turns up the lights in its own house and thereby forever ends the darkness in which discrimination breeds and dwells.

Mr. Chairman, you will forgive me if I take but a few brief moments to examine the highlights of this vital document which seeks to end the anguish that has tried men's souls in all of recorded history.

As the members of this committee have wisely specified, article 1 defines the term "racial discrimination" to include:

any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.

This definition is comprehensive. It will enable participating states to combat racial discrimination in its many and varied forms in all fields of public life. This definition applies throughout the convention to each of the various articles. It distinguishes clearly between activities in public life and those of a purely private nature.

Let me make one further comment on the definition of racial discrimination in this convention. The