2552 Mathis, Marcel. La mixité dans les établissements spécialisés. (Mixity in specialized institutions.) Sauvegarde de l'Enfance, 20(4):342-349, 1965. "Mixity," mixité, can be defined as children or adolescents of both sexes in the same group for the purposes of education, instruction, professional training, or recreation. This mixity may be extended over a full twentyfour hours or restricted to one or more activities. Institutions for the treatment and education of maladjusted or homeless children have resolved the question of mixity in various ways; in fact, it seems rather implausible to lay down hard and fast rules in this area since the question of mixity and coeducation depend to a great extent on the norms and mentality of a particular region or country. Nevertheless, it can be seen from experiences in various European countries that a reasonable rule to follow in these institutions is to maintain a round-the-clock mixity until the age of six. Then from six to thirteen or fourteen, separation is best limited only to the dormitory. At adolescence, complete separation seems indicated except for organized and supervised external activities. Whatever the solution adopted, the question of mixity is always a delicate one and demands a great deal of maturity and authentic attitudes on the part of the educators. No address 2553 Duché, D. J. La carence de l'image paternelle. (The absence of the paternal image.) Sauvegarde de l'Enfance, 20(4):350355, 1965. Much has been written on the absence of the maternal image and its damaging consequences for the character formation of the child, yet the absence of the paternal image can be just as disastrous although it is being practically ignored in child education. The real or virtual absence of the father is in many cases detrimental to the elaboration and development of the affective mechanisms of the child and consequently can cause serious personality defects. In educational institutions, especially in orphanages and children's villages, the absence of the paternal image is particularly consequential and indicates that greater efforts should be made to place these children in normal homes. No address 2554 Allen County (Indiana). Circuit and Juvenile Courts. Annual Report 1964. Fort Wayne, 1965, 36 p. illus. Statistics are presented on court activity during 1964 on criminal commitments to institutions and the types of criminal offenses filed. The Juvenile Court Probation Department provides data on the number of juveniles referred to the Juvenile Court, the official and unofficial dispositions of cases, type of offenses committed, living arrangements of juveniles disposed of, and the number of recidivists of those adjudicated and institutional commitments. Also included is information on the number of children detained at the Wood Youth Center during the year. No address 2555 Police brutality: fact or fiction? United States News & World Report, September 6, 1965, p. 37-40. Charges of police brutality are being made by Negro leaders and demonstrators all over the United States for all sorts of causes including civil rights, withdrawal from Viet Nam, and free speech on university campuses. Inquiry has failed to reveal any evidence of a wave of police brutality and the vast majority of complaints do not stand up to impartial investigation: of 1,700 complaints of police brutality referred to the U. S. Justice Department between mid-1964 and mid1965 only forty-seven were presented to federal grand juries, and, of these, only five led to convictions in federal courts. the first half of 1964, 289 compaints were filed against police in the city of Chicago: of these, 274 were judged unfounded upon investigation, eight resulted in exoneration of the police officers involved, seven were sustained and the officers involved were disciplined. Other leading U. S. cities reported similar experiences. What an examination of statistics does reveal is the rather widespread practice of brutality against the police: fifty-seven police officers were murdered by criminals in 1964 alone, 197 in In |