4. stellaris (L.), Nyl., and var. hispida, Fr. On rocks and bark of trees. 5. obscura (Ehrh.), Nyl., and var. ciliata, Tuckerm., and var. erythrocardia, Tuckerm., and var. adglutinata, Schær. On rocks; the latter var. abundant on currant bushes (Ribes rubrum). 9. UMBILICARIA, Hoffm. 1. pustulata (L.), Hoffm. According to my observations, this species is most common on high rocks in river bottoms, where it is exposed to the water in times of freshets. 2. Dillenii, Tuckerm. Same habitat as above. 3. Muhlenbergii (Ach.), Tuckerm. On rocks. 10. STICTA (Schreb.), Delis. 1. crocata (L.), Ach. On trunks and rocks. 2. quercizans (Michx.), Ach. On rocks; not common. Killingworth, F. W. H.; Orange, F. W. H. 3. pulmonaria (L.), Ach. On trunks of trees. 4. glomerulifera (Lightf.), Delis. On rocks. 11. NEPHROMA, Ach. 1. lævigatum, Ach. Killingworth and Orange; F. W. H. Not very common. 12. PELTIGERA (Hoffm.), Fée. 1. aphthosa (L.), Hoffm. Moist, mossy banks, among woods. 13. PANNARIA, Delis. 1. lanuginosa (Ach), Koerb. Killingworth; F. W. H. Trunks and 6. molybdæa (Pers.), Tuckerm., var. cronia, Nyl. Trunks, rocks, etc. Killingworth; F. W. H. 14. EPHEBE, Fr. pubescens (Ach.), Fr. West Rock; Prof. Eaton. 15. COLLEMA (Hoffm.), Fr. 1. flaccidum, Ach. Bark, especially of the cedar (J. Virginiana). 2. nigrescens (Huds.), Ach. Same habitat as above. 16. LEPTOGIUM, Fr. Moist rocks, etc. 1. lacerum (Sw.), Fr. Moist rocks, earth, etc. 5. myochroum (Ehrh.), Schær., var. saturninum (Dicks.), Tuckerm. Moist rocks, etc. 17. HYDROTHYRIA, Russell. venosa, Russell. Rivulets; Mt. Carmel and West Rock; Prof. Eaton. 18. PLACODIUM (D. C.) Naeg., and Hepp. 1. elegans, D. C.) Trunks of trees, etc. 2. vitellinum (Ehrh.), Hepp. Wallingford: A. Barron. 19. LECANORA, Ach., Tuckerm. 1. muralis (Schreb.), Schær. Wallingford; A. Barron. 2. pallescens (L.), Fr. Rocks; Killingworth; F. W. H. 3. tartarea (L.), Ach., and var. frigida, Ach. Rocks. 4. subfusca (L.), Ach. On trees and rocks, mostly the latter. 5. albella, Ach. (L. pallida (Schreb.), Schær.), and var. cæsio-rubella (Ach.). On living bark. 6. varia (Ehrh.), Fr. 7. cinerea (L.), Fr. On old board and rail fences. 8. cervina (Pers.), Sommerf., var. discreta, Fr., and var. privigna, Ach., and var. clavus, D. C. Killingworth; F. W. H. Rocks and stones. 20. RINODINA, Mass., Stizenb. 1. sophodes (Ach.), var. confragosa, Nyl. Rocks and stones. Killingworth, F. W. H.; Wallingford, A. Barron. 2. constans (Nyl.), Tuckerm. Wallingford; A. Barron. 21. PERTUSARIA, D. C. 1. pertusa (L.), Ach. s. Por. 2. leioplaca (Ach.), Schær. Trunks of trees and rocks. 3. velata (Turn.), Nyl. Mostly on trunks. 4. multipuncta (Sm.), Nyl. Trunks and branches. 22. CONOTREMA, Tuckerm. urceolatum (Ach.), Tuckerm. Wallingford, A. Barron; Killing worth, F. W. H. On bark of trees, especially on maples (Acer rubrum and A. saccharinum). 23. URCEOLARIA (Ach.), Flot. 1. scruposa (L.), Ach. Wallingford; A. Barron. 2. actinostoma, Pers. Sent from Wethersfield to Mr. Willey. 24. STEREOCAULON, Schreb. paschale, Laur. On rocks at Mt. Carmel, etc. 25. CLADONIA, Hoffm. 1. papillaria (Ehrh.), Hoffm. On dry hills. Killingworth; F. W. H. 2. alcicornis, Fr. Rocks and earth. 3. pyxidata (L.), Fr. Earth. 4. cariosa (Ach.), Spreng. Earth. 5. fimbriata (L.), Fr., and var. adspersa, Tuckerm. Earth, etc. 6. gracilis (L.), Fr., and var. verticillata, Fr. Earth. 7. mitrula, Tuckerm. Wallingford; A. Barron. Earth. 8. furcata (Huds.), Fr., and var. cristata, Fr., and var. racemosa, Flk., and var. lacunosa, Flk. Dry hills and open woods. 9. rangiferina (L.), Hoffm., and var. sylvatica, L., and var. alpestris, L. Dry hills and open woods. 10. uncialis (L.), Fr. Hilly ground among woods. 11. lacunosa, Del. Hilly ground among woods. 12. cornucopioides (L.), Fr. Rich ground and on rotten stumps. 13. cristatella, Tuckerm. Mostly on decayed stumps and fence rails. 26. BEOMYCES, Pers., Nyl. roseus, Pers. Sandy banks. 27. BIATORA, Fr. 1. vernalis (L.), Th., Fr. Earth and trees. 2. russula (Ach.), Mont. Killingworth; F. W. H. Trees; exceedingly rare. 3. sanguineo-atra (Fr.), Tuckerm. Moist banks and trunks. 4. exigua (Chaub.), Fr. Bark of trees. 5. rubella (Ehrh.), Rabenh., and var. muscorum, Nyl. Moist banks. 28. LECIDEA (Ach.), Fr. 1. albo-cœrulescens, Fr. On rocks and stones. 2. contigua, Fr., Nyl. On rocks, etc. 3. spilota, Fr. Wallingford; A. Barron. 29. BUELLIA, De Not., Tuckerm. 1. lactea, Mass. Wallingford; A. Barron. 2. lepidastra, Tuckerm. On rocks. Wallingford, A. Barron; Killingworth, F. W. H. 3. parasema (Ach.), Koerb. 4. myriocarpa (D. C.), Mudd. Trunks and branches. Rocks, trees (?), etc. Killingworth; 5. petræa (Flot.), Tuckerm. On rocks and stones. Killingworth; F. W. H. 30. OPEGRAPHA (Humb.), Ach., Nyl. varia (Pers.), Fr. 31. GRAPHIS (Ach.), Nyl. scripta (L.), Ach., and var. limitata, Schær. Bark of trees. Killingworth, F. W. H.; Wallingford, A. Barron. 32. ARTHONIA, Ach., Nyl. 1. astroidea, Ach., Nyl. Bark of trees. Killingworth; F. W. H. 2. punctiformis, Ach. Bark of trees. Killingworth; F. W. H. W. H. 33. MYCOPORUM (Flot.), Nyl. pycnocarpum, Nyl. Killingworth; F. W. H. 34. ACOLIUM (Fée.), De Not. tigillare (Ach.), D. N. Wallingford; A. Barron. 35. CALICIUM, Pers., Fr. subtile, Fr. On old boards and fence rails. Killingworth; F. W. H. 36. ENDOCARPON, Hedw., Fr. miniatum (L.) Scher., and var. complicatum, Schær., and var. aquaticum, Schær. On submerged stones in rivulets; also on damp exposed rocks. 37. TRYPETHELIUM, Spreng., Nyl. virens, Tuckerm. Wallingford; A. Barron. 38. PYRENULA (Ach.), Naeg., and Hepp. 1. punctiformis (Ach.), Naeg. On trunks of trees. Killingworth; F. W. H. 2. nitida, Ach. On trunks of trees. Wallingford, A. Barron; Killingworth, F. W. H.-F. W. HALL. MINOT'S NEW ENGLAND BIRDS; ADDITIONS. In my late work on New England Birds, by carelessly overlooking one of my own memoranda, I omitted mention of the Swallow-tailed Kite (Nauclerus forficatus), once seen near Whately, Mass., of the melanistic Swainson's Buzzard (Buteo Swainsoni, insignatus), captured in Massachusetts, and of the Arkansas Flycatcher (Tyrannus verticalis) recorded from Plympton Me. Helminthophaga pinus is a summer resident at Saybrook, Conn. (Purdie.) December 1876.- H. D. MINOT. LARGE TRUNKS OF KALMIA LATIFOLIA. - It is well known that this Kalmia attains its maximum size in the southern Alleghanies. Probably nothing upon record exceeds or even equals the following measurements of the girth of two trees which grow, along with others not very much smaller, in the bottom of a dell back of Cæsar's Head, on the extreme western border of South Carolina. One trunk, at a foot or so from the ground,measured four feet one and a quarter inches in circumference, and, rising without division, maintains a size approaching this and gradually lessening, for six or seven feet. Another trunk measured three feet four inches in girth above the first limb or fork; below it, at nearly one foot from the ground, it measured four feet and four inches. The measurements were taken September 2, 1876, by Dr. George Engelmann, William M. Canby, and ASA GRAY. THE PRODUCTION OF STARCH IN CHLOROPHYLL-GRANULES. Bohm asserts that if light is sufficiently intense to induce assimilation in green leaves, it has the power to cause an immediate transfer of starch from the stem, where elaborated matters may be stored, to the chlorophyll-granules. For this reason he believes that many observations hitherto made in regard to the immediate production of starch from carbonic dioxide in chlorophyll are untrustworthy. Such experiments should be made upon plants which have no starch already stored up, or upon detached leaves which contain no starch. Hab THE EFFECT OF FROST ON CHLOROPHYLL-GRANULES. erlandt states that the granules except in evergreens undergo changes at 4° to 6° C. The granules thus affected contain cavities (vacuoles), become rent on the outside, and aggregate into larger or smaller masses. The granules which contain starch are more easily destroyed by frost than those which contain none. The chlorophyll in the palisade tissue (the denser parenchyma) is more easily injured than that in the spongy tissue, and the latter than that in the guardian cells of the stomata. DICHOGAMY OF AGAVE. The flowering of a plant of Agave yuccæfolia Red. (Bot. Mag. t. 3213), in a private collection near Boston, has given abundant opportunity to watch the development of its flowers, and to confirm in regard to this species Engelmann's statement (Notes on Agave. Transactions of the Academy of St. Louis, vol. 3, December, 1875), that the flowers of this genus are "vespertine or nocturnal, and proteranderous." Agave yuccafolia must be referred to Engelmann's second section, Germiniflora, although on our plant the lower flowers alone are borne in pairs. The forty uppermost flowers of the spike spring singly each from the axis of a bract, and in this approach his first section, Singuliflora. The production of solitary flowers on the upper portion of the spike is possibly abnormal; but should this prove a constant character a slight modification of Engelmann's sections of the genus will become necessary. In the figure in the Botanical Magazine the arrangement of the flowers is not distinct; but in the accompanying description we read, "Flowers often two together." Shortly after the development, and The style at this The scape first made its appearance on November 1st, and continued to grow until January 6th, when it had attained a height of ten feet, the first flowers opening about five P. M. on that day. opening of the flower the filaments attain their full are exserted 9" beyond the lobes of the perigone. time is barely exserted and much reflexed, the stigma bearing these papillose lines radiating from its centre down the middle of each of the three lobes. A little before eight o'clock on the morning after the opening of the flower, the tube of the perigone is entirely filled with the honeyed secretion, which is slightly odoriferous, sapid, straw-colored, and very abundant. At ten P. M. of the second day, or seventeen hours after the opening of the flower, the anthers burst. At this time the style has elongated and partially straightened until the stigma, over which the papillæ have not as yet extended, is placed just above the introrse anthers, and in such a position that none of the pollen discharged from them can reach its surface. During the third day the style continues to elongate and straighten. On the morning of the fourth day the style is |