The American Naturalist

The Warfare of, 168; Transmutation, Weismann's Final Causes of, 109; United States Commis-
sion of Fish and Fisheries, 559; Wallace's Geographical Distribution of Animals, 232; Wheeler's
Survey, Zoology of, 108.

GENERAL NOTES.

485;

Botany. - Absorption of Carbonic Acid by the Vegetable Cell Wall, 240; Acer Dasy carpum,

Algæ, sets of, 366; Alpine Plants, 683; Analytical Tables, 306; Austrian Woody Plants, The Size

of the Leaves of, 684; Botanical Club at Providence, R. I., 43; Botanical Directory, 684; Botanical

Papers in Recent Periodicals, 43, 115, 178, 241, 307, 366, 434, 490, 564, 621, 685; Catalogue of Wis-

consin Plants, 684; Celtis occidentalis, 490; Chlorophyll-Granules, The Effect of Frost on, 176 ;

Cross-Fertilization of Aristolochia, 303; Crystallizable Sugar, On the Transformations of, into Cel-

lulosic Products, 305; Dichogamy of Agave, 176; Double Saxifrage, 432; Fertilization of Genti-

ana Andrewsii, 113; Fertilization of Flowers by Birds, 754; Fluorescence of Calycanthus, 304;

Fungi, The Sexual Reproduction of, 43; Gentiana Amarella L. var. Acuta (G. Acuta Mx.), 620 ;

Heather in Nova Scotia, 305; Homogone and Heterogone Flowers, 42; Illustrations of North

American Ferns, 485; Ipomoea setosa, 114; Iris, 306; Kew Herbarium, The New Building for the,

621; Large Trunks of Kalmia latifolia, 175; Lichenes found growing within Twenty Miles of Yale

College, A List of, 170; Minot's New England Birds; Additions, 175; Modification of the Glumes

of Grasses depending on the Sex of the Flowers, 240; Notes on some Injurious Fungi, by Professor

W. G. Farlow, 620; Oak, A Madrona swallows an, 42; Oaks, Living and Fossil, of Europe com-

pared by De Saporta, 240; Objects of the Diversities in the Mode of Arrangement of the Floral

Organs, 115; Observations on Silphium laciniatum, the so-called Compass Plant, 486; Onion

Smut, 355; Orchis rotundifolia, 431; Origin of Varieties; Two Illustrations, 113; Ostrya Vir-

ginica, A Remarkably Large, 683; Phellodendron, 239; Phyllotaxis of Cones, 177; Pinus mitis,

304; Plants, How they guard against Animals and Bad Weather, 683; Plants of Brazil and Ger-

many, 490; Plasma, On the Passage of, through Living Unperforated Membranes, 239; Poisonous

Grasses, 682; Porosity of Wood, On the, 306, 364; Precocity of Blossoming in the Orange, 489;

Respiration of Roots, 305; Salix candida in Essex County, 432; Sarracenia variolaris, 432, 564 ;

Saxifraga Virginiensis, 366; Scientific German, 684; Silphium laciniatum, 564; Starch in Chloro-

phyll-Granules, The Production of, 175; Three Feet of Fern-Spores, 305; Three-Flowered San-

guinaria, 431; Two-Flowered Arethusa, 431; Vegetable Digestion, 360, Violets, 561.

Zoology.

Amphioxus in the Bermudas, 367; Animals, A New Sub-Kingdom of, 178; Arkan-

sas, Winter Birds of, 307; Beaver, Notes on the, 371; Black Rattlesnake, 623; Black Squirrel, The,

242: Butterflies, A Flight of, 244; Cockroach, The Phenomena of Digestion in the, 243; Criticisms

of Haeckel, 368; Deer, Note on the Deformed Antler of a, 242; Destruction of Birds by Telegraph
Wires, 686; Development of Unfertilized Eggs of Vertebrates and Mollusca, 622; Embryo Pipa,
The Branchiæ of, 491; Entomological Works, 367; Food of the Skunk, 687; Jigger Flea, The,
756: Hawaiian Islands, The Common Crab at the, 241; Mammals new to the United States Fauna,
492; Mountain Boomer, or Showtl, 434; Northern Range of the Bison, 624; Note on the Mexican
Spermophilus, 688; Oregon Birds, Notes on some, 44; Paper Argonaut captured at Long Branch,
N. J., 243; Papilio Cresphontes in New England, 688; Partiality of White Butterflies for White
Flowers, 243; Rare Snakes from Florida, 565; Raven and the Sooty Tern in Williamstown, Mass.,
The, 243; Red-Bellied Nut-Hatch (Sitta Canadensis) nesting on the Ground, 565; Red-Headed
Woodpecker Carnivorous, 308; Restoration of the Sivatherium, 435; Serpents and Lizards, On a
Transitory Foetal Structure in the Embryos of, 566; Spontaneous Adaptation of Color in the
Lizard, 493; Supposed Development of Pickerel without Fecundation, 494; Tenacity of Life
shown by some Marine Mollusks, 687; Thelyphonus giganteus poisonous, 367; Titicaca, Lake,
The Crustacea of, 116; Whistler, Habits of, 44.

Anthropology. Anthropological News, 46, 118, 181, 245, 308, 426, 496, 567, 624, 690, 756; An-

tiquities near Naples, 119; Archæological Exchange Club, 180; Christening Ceremony of the

Seminole Indians, 689; Cordate Ornament, 45, 118; Cremation among the Sitka Indians, 372;

Examination of Indian Mounds, on Rock River, at Sterling, Illinois, 688; Man in the Pliocene in

America, 689; Stone Implements, Classification of, 495.

Geology and Palæontology. - Alleghany Division of the Appalachian Range within the Hudson

Vailey, On the Existence of the, 627; Brain of Coryphodon, 375; Cretaceous Period, The Sea-

Serpents of the, 311; Discovery of Jointed Limbs in Trilobites, 692; Fossils, New Vertebrate, 628;

Genus Beatricea in Kentucky, On the Occurrence of the, 628; Geological Survey, 47; Geology of

Ithaca, New York, and the Vicinity, 49; Glaciers, The Greenland, 694; Herbivorous Dinosauria of

the Lignitic Period, The Dentition of the, 311; Influence of Geological Changes of the Earth's Axis

of Rotation, 499; Lælaps in Montana, The Discovery of, 311; Limestone, Trenton, at Minneapolis,

247; Mammalian Brain, The Lowest, 312; Nature of the Legs of Trilobites, 439; Newberry's Geol-

ogy of Parts of New Mexico and Utah, 120; Palæontology of the Western Territories, M. M. Gaudry

and De Saporta on the, 184; Pan-Ice Work and Glacial Marks in Labrador, 568; Recent and Fossil

Fishes, On the Classification of the, 501; Recent Paleontological Discoveries, 756; Recent Pa-

læontological Discoveries in the West, 500; Remains of a Huge Saurian in Pennsylvania, 628;

Rominger's Fossil Corals of Michigan, 249; Saurian, The Largest Known, 628; Scudder on Fossil

Insects from British Columbia, 374; Whiteaves' Mesozoic Fossils of British Columbia, 248; Wyom-

ing, New Fossil Fishes from, 570.

Geography and Exploration. - Exploration in Patagonia, 630; Explorations of the Polaris Ex-

pedition to the North Pole, 51; Geographical News, 375, 440, 571, 630, 696, 757; Geographical
Progress in 1876, 249; Great Salt Lake, Recent Changes of Level of the, 121; Great Salt Lake,
Rise of, 570; Heights in the Bolivian Andes, 630; Ludlow's Reconnaissance in Montana, 376; New
York, Topographical Survey of, 313; Recent Geographical Progress, 377; Simpson's Explorations
across the Great Basin of Utah, 120; Stanley, Farther news from, 313; Stanley's Journey across
Africa, 695; United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, the Geographical
Work of, 439; Warren's Improvements of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, 120.

Microscopy. American Microscopy, A Foreign View of, 314; Boston Microscopal Society, 379;
Cuproscheelite, 122; Detection of Criminals by Hand Marks, 441; Diatoms, Cleaning with Gly-
cerine, 121; Diphtheria, 377; Exchanges, 442, 503, 572, 634; Eye-Piece, E. Gundlach's New
Periscopic, 631; False Light Excluder, 188; Finger, Another Mechanical, 571; Fingers, The New
Mechanical, 697; Fossil Diatoms from South Australia, 377; Keith's Heliostat, 758; Identity
of the Red Blood Corpuscles in Different Human Races, 188; Illuminating Adjustment, The New
Model, 501; Illumination in Connection with Polarization, 53; Laboratory Work in Microscopy,
254; Microscope, A New Students', 379; Microscope, New Physician's, 572; Microscopical Struc-
ture of Amber, 187; Microscopist's Annual, 698; Microscopy at Nashville, 440; Mounting in
Dammar, 633; Obituary, 318; Objectives as Illuminators, 633; Objects, New, 188; Opaque Glass
Slides, 634; Organisms in Rochester Hydrant Water, 441; Personal, 378; Pollen Tubes for the
Microscope, 54; Powdered Sulphur, 442; Practical Microscopy, 379; Printed Labels, 254; Rock
Sections, 378; San Francisco Microscopical Society, 55, 252; Second-Hand Microscopes, 254
Shell Sand from the Bermudas, 441; Schrauer's Microscopes, 757; Spencer's Objectives, 503;
Tin Cells, 572; Wenham's Reflex Illuminator, A Modification of, 697; Zentmayer's Turn-Table,

440.

SCIENTIFIC NEWS, 55, 122, 190, 254, 318, 380, 442, 504, 573, 634, 699, 758.

PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES, 57, 124, 190, 255, 382, 445, 510, 636, 703, 758

SCIENTIFIC SERIALS, 64, 128, 191, 256, 320, 384, 448, 512, 576, 639, 703

THE

AMERICAN NATURALIST.

VOL. XI. JANUARY, 1877. - No. 1.

THE SECOND DECENNARY OF THE AMERICAN NATURALIST.

IN entering upon the second decennial period of the existence

of the American Naturalist, we may be pardoned for looking with some pride upon the success that has attended its establishment. If the reader will turn to the introductory words stating our aims in the first number, published in March, 1867, we think he will agree with us that the promises there given have been fulfilled as completely as could reasonably be expected.

Our aim has been to popularize the best results of the study of natural history, and thus serve as a medium between the investigator on the one hand and the teacher and student on the other. Thus, while we have attempted to inform the science-teacher of the latest discoveries in biology and geology in their broadest sense, including the theories of the origin of plants and animals, and the history of the earth and man, we have endeavored to attract and sustain the interest of the young. We know that a number of young naturalists have made their début in the scientific world in our magazine, while some of the most important results of the investigations of our leading scientists have first seen the light in its pages.

The progress in biology during the past ten years has been greater than is generally imagined. Text-books become superannuated within a decennary. Teachers and even working naturalists need the presence and stimulus of a monthly journal reaching beyond the limits of their specialties to keep them from nodding at their work. If we have failed to record all the new discoveries, it has been due in great part to lack of space.

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The American Naturalist, Volumul 11