on maritime law, as well as those which have acceded to the same, laid down that the neutral flag is held to cover enemy's goods, with the exception of contraband of war.

496. By the Washington Treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States of America in 1870, the Government of a neutral State was declared bound *—

1st. To use due diligence to prevent the fitting out, arming, and equipping within its jurisdiction of any vessel which it has reasonable ground to believe is intended to cruise or to carry on war against a Power with which it is at peace, and also to use due diligence to prevent the departure from its jurisdiction of any vessel intended to cruise or carry on war as above, such vessel having been specially adapted, in whole or in part, within such jurisdiction to warlike use.

2nd. Nor to permit or suffer either bel

* While assenting to these rules, Her Majesty's Government did not admit that they represented the principles of International Law in force at the time when the Alabama claims arose. They were accepted in order to evince the desire of Her Majesty's Government to strengthen the friendly relations between the two countries.

ligerent to make use of its ports or waters as the base of naval operations against the other, or for the purpose of the renewal or augmentation of military supplies of arms or the recruitment of men.

3rd. To exercise due diligence in its own. ports and waters, and as to all persons within its jurisdiction, to prevent any violation of the foregoing obligations and duties.

497. The neutral State has a right to have its territory and possessions, continental, insular, and colonial, and all persons and property within the same, respected by the belligerents.

498. The immunity of neutral territory includes the prohibition of the passage of troops or the harbouring of belligerent ships for purposes of hostilities.

499. A neutral may allow a belligerent ship to take refuge into its ports in case of storm.

APPENDIX.

THE SLAVE-TRADE.

DECLARATION OF THE POWERS ON THE ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE-TRADE (TRAITE DES NEGRES), VIENNA, FEBRUARY 8, 1815.

"THE Plenipotentiaries of the Powers who signed the Treaty of Paris of May 30, 1814, united in Conference, having taken into consideration that the commerce known as the African Slave-Trade has been held by just and enlightened men of all times as repugnant to the principles of humanity and universal morals;

"That the special circumstances under which such trade began, and the difficulty of stopping it suddenly, have covered, to some extent, what was bad in it, but that at last public voice has been raised in all civilized countries, demanding that it should be suppressed as soon as possible;

"That ever since the character and details of that trade have been better known, and the evils of all kinds which accompany it have been fully revealed, several European Governments have taken steps to cause it to cease, and that all the Powers possessing Colonies in different parts of the world have in succession recognized, either by legislative Acts, or by Treaties and other formal engagements,

that they are under the obligation and necessity of abolishing it;

“That by a separate article of the last Treaty of Paris, Great Britain and France bound themselves to unite their efforts at the Congress of Vienna to induce all Christian Powers to pronounce the universal and definitive abolition of the Slave-Trade;

"That the Plenipotentiaries assembled at the Congress could not better honour their missions, fulfil their duties, and manifest the principles which guide their august Sovereigns, than in labouring to realize this engagement, and in proclaiming in the name of their Sovereigns the wish (vou) to put an end to an evil which has for so long desolated Africa, degraded Europe, and afflicted humanity ;

"The said Plenipotentiaries are agreed to deliberate upon the means for accomplishing an object so salutary by a solemn declaration of the principles which guided them in this labour.

"Consequently, being authorized in this act by the unanimous adhesion of their respective Courts to the principle laid down in the separate article of the Treaty of Paris, they declare in the face of Europe that, regarding the universal abolition of the Slave-Trade as a measure specially worthy of their attention, in conformity with the spirit of the age and the generous principles of their august Sovereigns,they are animated by the sincere desire of concurring in the execution of the shortest and most efficacious measure by every means in their power, and to act in the use of such means with all the zeal and all the perseverance which they owe to so great and beautiful a cause. Too well acquainted, however, with the sentiments of their Sovereigns not to foresee that, however honourable the