His language of old.) Nay, He spoke with them first; it was then

That they lifted their eyes to His throne:

They shall call on Me, 'Thou art our Father, our God, Thou

alone!'

For I made them, I led them in deserts and desolate ways:
I have found them a Ransom Divine;

I have loved them with love everlasting, the children of men;
I swear by Myself, they are Mine."

ANALYSIS.-72. Give the grammatical construction of Nay Name the modifier of it.

74. Of what is this line a modifier?

'76. Why Ransom Divine with capital letters?

77. In what case is children?

78. Parse the word Mine.

WORK.

LIKE coral insects multitudinous

The minutes are whereof our life is made.
They build it up as in the deep's blue shade
It grows, it comes to light, and then and thus
For both there is an end. The populous

Sea-blossoms close, our minutes that have paid
Life's debt of work are spent; the work is laid
Before our feet that shall come after us.

We may not stay to watch if it will speed,

The bard if on some luter's string his song

Live sweetly yet; the hero if his star

Doth shine. Work is its own best earthly meed,

Else have we none more than the sea-born throng
Who wrought those marvelous isles that bloom afar.

75

22. THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY,

1800-1859.

LORD MACAULAY, the most brilliant historical writer of the Victorian Age, though of Scotch descent, was born, October 25, 1800, in Leicestershire, England, at Rothley Temple, the house of his uncle, Thomas Babington, Esq., a wealthy merchant, from whom he took his name. His father was Zachary Macaulay, a man who spent much of his life in the island of Jamaica exerting himself to suppress the African slave-trade.

At the age of nineteen Macaulay entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he gained two prizes for poems -one, in 1819, on Pompeii; and another, two years later, on Evening. He took his degree, B. A., in 1822, and became a Fellow of the college in 1824, taking his degree, M. A., in 1825. He had already distinguished himself by his contributions to Knight's Quarterly Magazine, and in August, 1825, his celebrated article on Milton appeared in the Edinburgh Review. This may be considered as the starting-point of Macaulay's famous literary career. The article at once arrested the attention of the reading public, and was regarded as the promise of still more brilliant productions from its author's pen.

Having studied law at Lincoln's Inn, Macaulay was called to the bar in 1826, and in 1827 Lord Lyndhurst appointed him commissioner of bankruptcy. Three years afterward he became a member of Parliament for Calne, and from 1832 to 1834 he was a member for Leeds. After this he went to India as the legal adviser to the Supreme Council of Calcutta, where he remained

until 1839. Having returned to England, he again became a member of Parliament, and for eight years represented Edinburgh. In 1847 he was defeated, and his attention was turned more directly again to literature. In 1849 the first two volumes of his famous History of England were given to the public, by whom they were received with great enthusiasm. The plan of the History, as the author expresses it, is given as follows: "I purpose to write the history of England from the accession of King James II. down to a time which is within the memory of men still living." The author, however, never finished the work. It was brought down only to the death of William III., when the author's own death, on the 18th of December, 1859, ended his labor.

Macaulay was returned to Parliament by Edinburgh in 1852, but in 1856 he was made Baron Macaulay of Rothley Temple, and he became a member of the House of Lords—the only man in England who was ever made a lord on account of the fame he had won as a writer. Macaulay wrote not only prose, but also poetry. Among his chief poems are Lays of Ancient Rome and a number of ballads. His chief prose works are his Essays and History of England.

CRITICISM BY E. A. FREEMAN.

MACAULAY is a model of style-of style not merely as a kind of literary luxury, but of style in the practical aspect. When I say he is a model of style, I do not mean that it is wise in any writer to copy Macaulay's style-to try to write something that might be mistaken for Macaulay's writing. So to do is not to follow in the steps of a great writer, but merely to imitate his outward manner. So to do is not the part of a disciple, but the part of an ape. But every one who wishes to

write clear and pure English will do well to become, not Macaulay's ape, but Macaulay's disciple. Every writer of English will do well not only to study Macaulay's writings, but to bear them in his mind, and very often to ask himself, not whether his writing is like Macaulay's writing, but whether his writing is such as Macaulay would have approved.

THE PURITANS.

NOTE. This sketch, which shows some of the most prominent characteristics of Macaulay's admirable style, is taken from his article on Milton, published in the Edinburgh Review for August, 1825. It is an extract from the article which, though written by Macaulay when but twenty-five years of age, and since characterized in his own words as being "overloaded with gaudy ornament," first won for him fame as an author.

WE would speak first of the Puritans, the most remarkable body of men, perhaps, which the world has ever produced. The odious and ridiculous parts of their character lie on the surface. He that runs may read them; nor have there been wanting attentive and ma、 5 licious observers to point them out. For many years after the Restoration they were the theme of unmeasured invective and derision. They were exposed to the utmost licentiousness of the press and of the stage at the

NOTES.-1. Puritans. The Pur-
itans were a religious sect
who were opposed to all 7.
forms in religion and who
believed in a simpler mode
of worship. The word is
derived from pure, and it

was originally applied as a nickname.

The Restoration. This refers to the restoration of the House of Stuart by placing King Charles II. on th throne in the year 1660.

ANALYSIS.-6. To what does them refer?
7. What is the antecedent of they?

time when the press and the stage were most licentious. 10 They were not men of letters; they were as a body unpopular; they could not defend themselves, and the public would not take them under its protection. They were therefore abandoned, without reserve, to the tender mercies of the satirists and dramatists. The ostentatious 15 simplicity of their dress, their sour aspect, their nasal twang, their stiff posture, their long graces, their Hebrew names, their scriptural phrases which they introduced on every occasion, their contempt of human learning, their detestation of polite amusements, were indeed fair 20 game for the laughers. But it is not from the laughers alone that the philosophy of history is to be learned. And he who approaches this subject should carefully guard against the influence of that potent ridicule which has already misled so many excellent writers.

25

Those who roused the people to resistance, who directed their measures through a long series of eventful years, who formed, out of the most unpromising materials, the finest army that Europe had ever seen, who trampled down king, Church, and aristocracy, who, in the short 30 intervals of domestic sedition and rebellion, made the name of England terrible to every nation on the face of the earth, were no vulgar fanatics. Most of their absurdities were mere external badges, like the signs of freemasonary or the dresses of friars. We regret 35 that these badges were not more attractive. We regret that a body to whose courage and talents mankind has owed inestimable obligations had not the lofty elegance which distinguished some of the adherents of Charles I.,

ANALYSIS.-10. the press and the stage. What figure?

11, 12. What figure in these lines? What is meant by men of letters? 20. Name the subjects of were.

21, 22. Name the subject of the sentence, and give the modifiers 34. Parse like and signs.