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(The patriot's God peculiarly Thou art,
His friend, inspirer, guardian, and reward!)
Oh, never, never, Scotia's realm desert;
But still the patriot, and the patriot-bard,
In bright succession raise, her ornament and guard!

ANALYSIS.-185, 186. Analyze the sentence.
189. To what do ornament and guard refer?

CONTEMPORANEOUS WRITERS.

POETS.

James Beattie (1735-1803).—A Scotch poet. Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic at Aberdeen. Educated at Marischal College. Author of The Minstrel, published in 1771. Died of paralysis.

James Macpherson (1738-1796).—Born at Kingussie, Scotland. Educated at Aberdeen. Author of Fingal and Temora, two epics.

Thomas Chatterton (1752-1770).—-Known as the "Boy Poet." Author of a number of poems written in imitation of the older English poetry. Committed suicide at the age of eighteen.

1. Historians:

PROSE-WRITERS.

David Hume (1711-1776).-Both an historian and a metaphysician. Born in Edinburgh. Became a lawyer, but, disliking law, chose literature as his calling. Was a skeptic. Author of History of England, Political Discourses, etc.

William Robertson (1721-1793).—An eloquent Scotch Presbyterian preacher. Author of a History of Scotland, History of Charles V. of Germany, and History of America.

Edward Gibbon (1737-1794).—One of England's most illustrious historical writers. Author of Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.

2. Novelists :

Samuel Richardson (1689-1761).-The founder of "the romance of private life." Up to the age of fifty he was a printer.

185

His first novel was Pamela (1740). Author also of Clarissa
Harlowe and Sir Charles Grandison.

Henry Fielding (1707-1754).-Educated at Eton. At first a dramatic writer, then a lawyer, but, meeting with no success, he resorted to literature for a living. Author of Joseph Andrews, Tom Jones, Jonathan Wild, and Amelia.

Laurence Sterne (1713-1768).-An irreligious parson. Educated at Cambridge. Author of Tristram Shandy and-A Sentimental Journey.

Tobias George Smollett (1721-1771).-Educated at the University of Glasgow. Was for a time surgeon's mate in the navy. Began his career as a novelist in 1748. Author of Roderick Random, Peregrine Pickle, and Humphrey Clinker.

Hannah More (1745-1833).-A great favorite of Dr. Johnson's. Wrote dramas, tales, and some works on education. Author of Calebs in Search of a Wife, The Shepherd of Salisbury Plain, Female Education, etc.

3. Theologians and Metaphysicians:

Philip Doddridge (1702-1751).-Remarkable as a theological writer. Author of Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul, Passages in the Life of Colonel Gardiner, and Family Expositor.

Thomas Reid (1710–1796).—A Scotchman, and Professor of Moral Philosophy at Aberdeen and Glasgow. Author of Essays on the Intellectual and Active Powers of Man and Inquiry into the Human Mind, an answer to the skepticism of Hume.

John Wesley (1703-1791).-Educated at Oxford. His bestknown works are his Journal and his Hymns, in the latter of which he was assisted by his brother Charles.

William Paley (1743-1805).-Educated at Cambridge. Became archdeacon of Carlisle. Author of Moral and Political Philosophy, Evidences of Christianity, and Natural Theology.

4. Political and Miscellaneous Writers:

Edmund Burke (1730-1797).-Noted as a political writer and orator of great power. Born in Dublin. Was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. Became a member of Parliament. One of his masterpieces of eloquence is his nine days' speech in the impeachment-trial of Warren Hastings, governor-general of India. His most celebrated works, in addition to the

1

address referred to, are his Essay on the Sublime and Beautiful, Reflections on the French Revolution, and his Letter to a Noble Lord (duke of Bedford).

Junius. The name of the author who wrote, under this nomde-plume, a series of political letters characterized by fierce invective and brilliant sarcasm, is unknown. Their writer is sup posed to have been SIR PHILIP FRANCIS, born in Dublin in 1740, who was chief clerk in the War Office from 1763 to 1772.

Horace Walpole (1717-1797).-A racy and sparkling writer of letters. Was a member of Parliament for twenty-six years. Author of a romance, The Castle of Otranto, and some Letters and Memoirs of his time which are unrivaled in their way.

Sir William Blackstone (1723–1780).—A celebrated lawyer. Author of Commentaries on the Laws of England.

James Boswell (1740-1795).—The son of a Scottish judge. A constant companion of Dr. Johnson. Author of Life of

Johnson.

Adam Smith (1723–1790).—Author of The Wealth of Nations, which work laid the foundation for the science of Political Economy. Was Professor of Mental Philosophy at Glasgow. Author also of The Theory of Moral Sentiments.

Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816).—A great orator and an excellent dramatic writer. His two most popular comedies are The Rivals and The School for Scandal.

Vil.

AGE OF SCOTT.

1800-1830.

REIGNS OF GEORGE III. AND GEORGE IV.

THE Age of Scott is known also as the Age of Komantic Poetry. The early years of the nineteenth cen tury having been full of excitement, the chief literary productions of this period are characterized by intense passion and emotion. No other era of English literature presents so many masters of verse. The artificial in poetry entirely disappears, and romance and passion become the fountain of poetic inspiration. Many of the writers of this era-Scott, Coleridge, Southey, Wilson, Campbell, and others—were distinguished in both poetry and prose.

14. LORD BYRON,

1788-1824.

GEORGE GORDON BYRON was born in London on the 22d of January, 1788. His father, John Byron, was a profligate captain of the Guards, and his mother, Catharine Byron, a Scotch heiress. When George was but two years old both he and his mother were abandoned by his unprincipled father. His mother, with her lame boy, then retired to Aberdeen, to live as well as she

could on an annual income of one hundred and thirty pounds

At the age of eleven Byron became Lord Byron and owner of Newstead Abbey through the death of his grand-uncle, a man of eccentric character. His mother at once sold her household goods, and with her son took possession of Newstead. At the age of seventeen he became a student at Trinity College, Cambridge, but his stay continued only two years. His irregularities much annoyed the college dons. Among other freaks, he kept for some time several bulldogs and a bear in his room, the latter of which he introduced to his visitors as preparing to become one of the college officers.

His first verses, entitled Hours of Idleness, were published in 1807. They contained many weak points, and immediately a caustic criticism, supposed to have been written by Lord Brougham, appeared in the Edinburgh Review. The criticism aroused the poet's ire, and he replied in a satire entitled English Bards and Scotch Reviewers.

Two years (1809 to 1811) were spent by Byron in travel through Spain and Turkey, and here he gathered much of the material which afterward appeared in Childe Harold's Pilgrimage. When the first two cantos of this poem were published in 1812 they took England by storm, and, though the poet was then but twentyfour years of age, he was placed by unanimous consent at the head of the London literary world, and the treatment of Burns in Edinburgh was repeated in the worship and homage paid to Byron in the fashionable parlors of London. This lionizing continued for three years, during which time he became a member of the House of Lords.

In 1815 he married Miss Milbanke, but almost from the beginning the union was an unhappy one, and after

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