PAT MCCARRAN was a strong man, and, as in the case of most strong men, he was a controversial figure in some quarters, but he commanded the respect of the men with whom he served in the Senate, as much on this side of the aisle as on the side on which he sat.

PAT MCCARRAN was a believer in our constitutional system. He was a believer in the two-party system of government, and yet, though a strong and fair partisan, he, nevertheless, on numerous occasions placed his country above his party, as I think the Nation expects any man to do when the issues are substantial.

PAT MCCARRAN's name is probably on as much legislation as is the name of any other person who has sat in the Senate of the United States.

When I first came to the Senate from the State of California, some 9 years ago, I had known of Senator MCCARRAN. To me, at least, he was one of the leading figures in the United States Senate. I early paid a call upon him as a matter of respect, as I did to most of the other Senators, if not all of them, who were serving in the Senate at that time. Senator MCCARRAN received me with unfailing courtesy and gave me a lot of what I then felt and now feel was good advice with respect to the Senate as an institution and on the responsibilities of a Senator. He spoke also in a friendly way about some of my new colleagues in the Senate, and told me what their backgrounds were. I have always considered that to have been valuable, helpful information.

After I had gained some seniority in the Senate, where seniority means a great deal, though, in contrast with that of Senator MCCARRAN, mine was very little, I was privileged to become a member of the Committee on Appropriations. That was the only committee service I had with PAT MCCARRAN, for he served also on the Committee on the Judiciary, and on several occasions was chairman of that powerful and important committee of the Senate. But on the Committee on Appropriations I had the opportunity to observe his work. I

was privileged to sit across the table from him and to serve on several subcommittees with him. I found him to be well versed in the Government of the United States and in the problems of the Government. Likewise, I found him to be helpful in working out many of the great problems which come before that important committee of the Senate.

No person could have attended the services held in Reno for Senator MCCARRAN and have seen the great outpouring of the people of his native State-and, if I am not mistaken, he is the only native son of Nevada to have been United States Senator from that State-without realizing that those people, from all walks of life, were saddened as though by the death of a close relative. Not only did I observe them at the services which were held, but I also observed them along the streets as we passed by. They recognized, as I think the country recognized, that a giant had fallen, and they reacted as the circumstances indicated.

In the Senate of the United States, in our respect for men, we have never let the center aisle divide us. I hope the time will never come when we shall let the center aisle divide us from recognizing that although we may differ among ourselves and may vote on opposite sides of many great issues before the Senate, we hold in respect the views and opinions of all our colleagues. Although actually the public may not realize it, there are many times when we cross the aisle, often on controversial subjects, as Senator MCCARRAN did, when he felt his country's future was at stake. The outstanding example, I suppose, was the bill which would have enlarged the membership of the Supreme Court of the United States. I was not a Member of the Senate at that time, but I closely followed the debate and the discussion. The measure had the sponsorship of the then President of the United States, who was a member of Senator MCCARRAN's party. It had the sponsorship of a President who had an overwhelming majority in the Senate and the House of Representatives. It was sponsored by a President who was,

perhaps, at the height of his power. Yet, after due deliberation-and I have spoken about this with some of the Senator's colleagues who were Members of the Senate at the time-Senator MCCARRAN became convinced that it would be a great danger to American institutions to disturb the Supreme Court of the United States in the fashion the President proposed, because it might establish a precedent which would rise to plague the Republic long years after those who were then serving had gone.

For that reason, he assumed the responsibility—and it was a serious responsibility, under the circumstances—of opposing the proposed legislation. He took a leading part in seeing to it that the bill was not passed. Many other Senators stood with him, and I think that by both Republicans and Democrats, Americans all, there is now a recognition that a deep debt of gratitude is owed Senator MCCARRAN.

The distinguished minority leader, in his very able presentation regarding the passing of our late colleague and friend, pointed out, I think quite truthfully, that it will be a long time, if ever, before this Chamber again sees the like of PAT MCCARRAN. He was a bold and courageous man, who won the respect of the Members of this body, both on this side of the aisle and on the other.

To his wife and sisters, and to other members of his family, our deepest sympathy goes forth. So long as the Senate shall continue as a body the name of PAT MCCARRAN will be remembered here; and so long as some of us shall live, be it for a short or a long time, the pleasure we derived from association with PAT MCCARRAN and having him as a friend will abide with us.

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. President, I rise to express my deep respect and great affection for the late Senator PATRICK MCCARRAN.

Every present Member of the Senate knew PAT MCCARRAN and respected his wonderful ability and loved him for his personal qualities. During my first 2 years in the Senate

I had the honor to be a member of the Judiciary Committee, of which Senator MCCARRAN was chairman. Through that experience I learned of his unfailing courtesy and consideration for his colleagues and of his great and outstanding ability to keep his eye on his objective and to drive hard to attain it. It is accurate to say that he was a leader of his party in Nevada and in the United States for almost half a century. He has left behind him a great record as a distinguished jurist, because of his service on the Nevada Supreme Court, as both an associate justice and as chief justice, and later as a distinguished judicial authority because of his chairmanship of our Judiciary Committee.

In the field of foreign affairs, although he was not on the Foreign Relations Committee, I always felt a close union with him because of our common approach to the difficult problems in the Far East.

Senator MCCARRAN was an outstandingly valuable member of the Democratic Party, and yet he was a man of independent mind and of independent action when he felt that there were at stake issues which he should support, even though they might not be immediately in line with the prevailing position in his own party.

In my memory he stands out as a great defender of the Constitution of the United States and as an heroic figure dedicated to protecting his beloved country from enemies without or subversions within. His love of and dedication to the Constitution of the United States led him vigorously to oppose the unfortunate court-packing bill which threatened the very continuance of the division of powers under the United States Constitution.

I desire to pay this tribute of respect to and appreciation of a great American. Mrs. Smith joins me in expressing our deepest sympathies to his wife, to his son, and to his daughters.

Mr. MARTIN. Mr. President, PAT MCCARRAN's outstanding quality was his sturdy Americanism.

His unswerving devotion to the principles in which he believed rose above partisan politics. Once convinced he was right, he fought for his convictions with resolute courage and uncompromising determination, regardless of the odds against him.

PAT MCCARRAN rose to greatness as a statesman, jurist, and legislator, in a way that is typically American. He had a humble start in life as the son of poor immigrants from Ireland. It was no easy task for him to acquire an education, but his early struggles shaped his career and built the strength of character that was to serve his State and the Nation so ably in his long and brilliant career.

No one in the Senate battled more vigorously than he to make America strong, to drive out the poisonous influence of communism, and to defend our Republic against every other form of un-American doctrine.

I join in paying tribute to PAT MCCARRAN as a great American, a great statesman, and a great patriot, who was admired and loved by all who had the privilege of his friendship. To his loved ones I extend my deepest sympathy.

Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. President, PAT MCCARRAN was truly one of the strong men of our times.

He was a giant who plunged fearlessly into the controversies of our day-an elemental force who refused to drift with the currents and tides.

In a very real sense, PAT MCCARRAN has not passed from our midst. A man of such passionate convictions always leaves behind him monuments that endure.

His life was rich and full-a life of achievement. There was no one so capable of setting a clear goal and reaching that goal by the shortest and most direct route.

There were many people for PAT MCCARRAN and against him. But nobody was indifferent. He loomed too large on