Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982University of California Press, 1 sept. 2023 - 506 pagini A decade in preparation, Immigrant Entrepreneurs offers the most comprehensive case study ever completed of the causes and consequences of immigrant business ownership. Koreans are the most entrepreneurial of America's new immigrants. By the mid-1970s Americans had already become aware that Korean immigrants were opening, buying, and operating numerous business enterprises in major cities. When Koreans flourished in small business, Americans wanted to know how immigrants could find lucrative business opportunities where native-born Americans could not. Somewhat later, when Korean-black conflicts surfaced in a number of cities, Americans also began to fear the implications for intergroup relations of immigrant entrepreneurs who start in the middle rather than at the bottom of the social and economic hierarchy. Nowhere was immigrant enterprise more obvious or impressive than in Los Angeles, the world's largest Korean settlement outside of Korea and America's premier city of small business. Analyzing both the short-run and the long-run causes of Korean entrepreneurship, the authors explain why the Koreans could find, acquire, and operate small business firms more easily than could native-born residents. They also provide a context for distinguishing clashes of culture and clashes of interest which cause black-Korean tensions in cities, and for framing effective policies to minimize the tensions. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1989. A decade in preparation, Immigrant Entrepreneurs offers the most comprehensive case study ever completed of the causes and consequences of immigrant business ownership. Koreans are the most entrepreneurial of America's new immigrants. By the mid-19 |
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Pagina x
... trade off the costs and benefits of employment in either sector . Much current literature approaches the trade - offs in terms of employee returns to human capital . Some researchers argue that immigrant employees earn higher returns ...
... trade off the costs and benefits of employment in either sector . Much current literature approaches the trade - offs in terms of employee returns to human capital . Some researchers argue that immigrant employees earn higher returns ...
Pagina 3
... trade , Koreans operated nearly 5 percent of all firms in the County . Since Koreans numbered less than 1 percent of the County population , their overrepresentation in business was appreciable . Similarly , the 1980 U.S. Census ...
... trade , Koreans operated nearly 5 percent of all firms in the County . Since Koreans numbered less than 1 percent of the County population , their overrepresentation in business was appreciable . Similarly , the 1980 U.S. Census ...
Pagina 5
... Trade Selected Services Index * Index * 1967 1977 1967 1977 City of Los Angeles Establishments 24,587 25,033 102 25,692 40,829 159 Employees 157,025 183,668 117 134,210 173,582 129 Mean Employees / Establishment 6.4 7.3 114 5.2 4.3 83 ...
... Trade Selected Services Index * Index * 1967 1977 1967 1977 City of Los Angeles Establishments 24,587 25,033 102 25,692 40,829 159 Employees 157,025 183,668 117 134,210 173,582 129 Mean Employees / Establishment 6.4 7.3 114 5.2 4.3 83 ...
Pagina 19
... trade , or utilize rotating credit associations , one would be calling attention to the manner in which ethnic re- sources promoted immigrant entrepreneurship . After all , if non- immigrants shared these resources , possession would ...
... trade , or utilize rotating credit associations , one would be calling attention to the manner in which ethnic re- sources promoted immigrant entrepreneurship . After all , if non- immigrants shared these resources , possession would ...
Pagina 27
... trade and investment there . The movement of Korean labor to the United States was but one small manifestation of the utilization of Korean cheap labor by inter- national capital . A fragment of the Korean labor force moved to the ...
... trade and investment there . The movement of Korean labor to the United States was but one small manifestation of the utilization of Korean cheap labor by inter- national capital . A fragment of the Korean labor force moved to the ...
Cuprins
3 | |
25 | |
27 | |
The Role of the Korean Government | 68 |
Emigration From South Korea | 102 |
KOREAN BUSINESS IN LOS ANGELES | 127 |
Immigration And Settlement | 129 |
Entrepreneurs and Firms | 156 |
Reaction and Solidarity | 298 |
KOREAN SMALL BUSINESS IN AMERICAN CAPITALISM | 327 |
The Protection of US Labor Standards | 329 |
The Cheapness of Korean Immigrant Small Business | 352 |
The Use of Korean Small Business by US Capital | 369 |
The Making of Immigrant Small Business | 399 |
CONCLUSION | 421 |
The Costs of Immigrant Entrepreneurship | 423 |
Class and Ethnic Resources | 178 |
Business Location | 204 |
The Retail Liquor Industry | 225 |
Raising Capital | 242 |
Sources of Entrepreneurship | 271 |
Telephone Survey 1977 | 435 |
Notes | 437 |
References | 461 |
Index | 485 |
Alte ediții - Afișează-le pe toate
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 2023 |
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 2023 |
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 1991 |
Termeni și expresii frecvente
American Angeles County areas Asian Asian American Association Bank benefits big business business enterprises business owners business population capitalist Census chain migration cheap labor Christians City coethnics competition contractors corporations countries cultural economic emigration employees employment ethnic resources exemption exports foreign Franchising garment industry Hankook Ilbo Hispanic immigrant entrepreneurship immigrant small business important increased investment Korean business Korean community Korean Directory Korean entrepreneurs Korean entrepreneurship Korean firms Korean government Korean immigrants Korean labor Korean population Korean workers Korean-owned firms Koreatown labor certification labor force labor standards license liquor industry loans Los Angeles County manufacturing ment middleman minorities million ness non-Korean organization percent of Korean percentage political reported retail sector self-employed self-employment Seoul social solidarity Source South Korea subcontracting Table Third World tion trade U.S. Bureau U.S. capital U.S. Congress U.S. Senate United USGPO zip codes