Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982University of California Press, 1 sept. 2023 - 506 pagini A decade in preparation, Immigrant Entrepreneurs offers the most comprehensive case study ever completed of the causes and consequences of immigrant business ownership. Koreans are the most entrepreneurial of America's new immigrants. By the mid-1970s Americans had already become aware that Korean immigrants were opening, buying, and operating numerous business enterprises in major cities. When Koreans flourished in small business, Americans wanted to know how immigrants could find lucrative business opportunities where native-born Americans could not. Somewhat later, when Korean-black conflicts surfaced in a number of cities, Americans also began to fear the implications for intergroup relations of immigrant entrepreneurs who start in the middle rather than at the bottom of the social and economic hierarchy. Nowhere was immigrant enterprise more obvious or impressive than in Los Angeles, the world's largest Korean settlement outside of Korea and America's premier city of small business. Analyzing both the short-run and the long-run causes of Korean entrepreneurship, the authors explain why the Koreans could find, acquire, and operate small business firms more easily than could native-born residents. They also provide a context for distinguishing clashes of culture and clashes of interest which cause black-Korean tensions in cities, and for framing effective policies to minimize the tensions. |
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Pagina 3
... less than 1 percent of the County population , their overrepresentation in business was appreciable . Similarly , the 1980 U.S. Census disclosed that 22.5 percent of Koreans in Los An- geles were self - employed or unpaid family workers ...
... less than 1 percent of the County population , their overrepresentation in business was appreciable . Similarly , the 1980 U.S. Census disclosed that 22.5 percent of Koreans in Los An- geles were self - employed or unpaid family workers ...
Pagina 4
... firms increased in the ring but decreased in the core . In retail industries , mean employees per firm increased less rapidly in the core than on the periphery . These reductions in firm size confirm the general tendency for 4 Introduction.
... firms increased in the ring but decreased in the core . In retail industries , mean employees per firm increased less rapidly in the core than on the periphery . These reductions in firm size confirm the general tendency for 4 Introduction.
Pagina 6
... sub- urbs . However , Korean firms were generally less mobile than Korean households . Insofar as their economic niche tethered them to Los Angeles — since suburban locations offered scant openings for mom 6 Introduction.
... sub- urbs . However , Korean firms were generally less mobile than Korean households . Insofar as their economic niche tethered them to Los Angeles — since suburban locations offered scant openings for mom 6 Introduction.
Pagina 7
... less than one percent of Los Angeles County's population from which two - thirds of UCLA's undergraduate students were recruited ( University of Cal- ifornia , 1984 : 68 ) . KOREANS IN OTHER CITIES The 1980 census reported that 13.5 ...
... less than one percent of Los Angeles County's population from which two - thirds of UCLA's undergraduate students were recruited ( University of Cal- ifornia , 1984 : 68 ) . KOREANS IN OTHER CITIES The 1980 census reported that 13.5 ...
Pagina 10
... less than seven percent of nonfarm workers were self - employed ( Ray , 1975 ) . Given this uninterrupted trend , most social scientists agreed with Mills ( see Bottomore , 1966 : 50 ; O'Connor , 1973 : 29-30 ; Horvat , 1982 : 11-15 ) ...
... less than seven percent of nonfarm workers were self - employed ( Ray , 1975 ) . Given this uninterrupted trend , most social scientists agreed with Mills ( see Bottomore , 1966 : 50 ; O'Connor , 1973 : 29-30 ; Horvat , 1982 : 11-15 ) ...
Cuprins
3 | |
25 | |
27 | |
The Role of the Korean Government | 68 |
Emigration From South Korea | 102 |
KOREAN BUSINESS IN LOS ANGELES | 127 |
Immigration And Settlement | 129 |
Entrepreneurs and Firms | 156 |
Reaction and Solidarity | 298 |
KOREAN SMALL BUSINESS IN AMERICAN CAPITALISM | 327 |
The Protection of US Labor Standards | 329 |
The Cheapness of Korean Immigrant Small Business | 352 |
The Use of Korean Small Business by US Capital | 369 |
The Making of Immigrant Small Business | 399 |
CONCLUSION | 421 |
The Costs of Immigrant Entrepreneurship | 423 |
Class and Ethnic Resources | 178 |
Business Location | 204 |
The Retail Liquor Industry | 225 |
Raising Capital | 242 |
Sources of Entrepreneurship | 271 |
Telephone Survey 1977 | 435 |
Notes | 437 |
References | 461 |
Index | 485 |
Alte ediții - Afișează-le pe toate
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 2023 |
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 2023 |
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 1991 |
Termeni și expresii frecvente
American Angeles County areas Asian Asian American Association Bank benefits big business business enterprises business owners business population capitalist Census chain migration cheap labor Christians City coethnics competition contractors corporations countries cultural economic emigration employees employment ethnic resources exemption exports foreign Franchising garment industry Hankook Ilbo Hispanic immigrant entrepreneurship immigrant small business important increased investment Korean business Korean community Korean Directory Korean entrepreneurs Korean entrepreneurship Korean firms Korean government Korean immigrants Korean labor Korean population Korean workers Korean-owned firms Koreatown labor certification labor force labor standards license liquor industry loans Los Angeles County manufacturing ment middleman minorities million ness non-Korean organization percent of Korean percentage political reported retail sector self-employed self-employment Seoul social solidarity Source South Korea subcontracting Table Third World tion trade U.S. Bureau U.S. capital U.S. Congress U.S. Senate United USGPO zip codes