Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982University of California Press, 1 sept. 2023 - 506 pagini A decade in preparation, Immigrant Entrepreneurs offers the most comprehensive case study ever completed of the causes and consequences of immigrant business ownership. Koreans are the most entrepreneurial of America's new immigrants. By the mid-1970s Americans had already become aware that Korean immigrants were opening, buying, and operating numerous business enterprises in major cities. When Koreans flourished in small business, Americans wanted to know how immigrants could find lucrative business opportunities where native-born Americans could not. Somewhat later, when Korean-black conflicts surfaced in a number of cities, Americans also began to fear the implications for intergroup relations of immigrant entrepreneurs who start in the middle rather than at the bottom of the social and economic hierarchy. Nowhere was immigrant enterprise more obvious or impressive than in Los Angeles, the world's largest Korean settlement outside of Korea and America's premier city of small business. Analyzing both the short-run and the long-run causes of Korean entrepreneurship, the authors explain why the Koreans could find, acquire, and operate small business firms more easily than could native-born residents. They also provide a context for distinguishing clashes of culture and clashes of interest which cause black-Korean tensions in cities, and for framing effective policies to minimize the tensions. |
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Pagina xi
... important case , but we believe it an atypical one in many respects . Miami's Little Havana contains a conspicuous concen- tration of Cuban - owned firms where many Cuban employees find jobs . The concentration of Cuban firms in a Cuban ...
... important case , but we believe it an atypical one in many respects . Miami's Little Havana contains a conspicuous concen- tration of Cuban - owned firms where many Cuban employees find jobs . The concentration of Cuban firms in a Cuban ...
Pagina xii
... important than the ethnic enclave structure . Of course , the middleman structure does not fit Cubans in Miami either , and one should distinguish ethnic economies that develop into enclaves from those that develop into middleman ...
... important than the ethnic enclave structure . Of course , the middleman structure does not fit Cubans in Miami either , and one should distinguish ethnic economies that develop into enclaves from those that develop into middleman ...
Pagina 8
... importance , was still a potent economic force in big cities ( Doerner , 1985 ; Green- wald , 1985 ) . As it had been in every decennial census since 1980 ( Higgs , 1977 : 162-163 ; Conk , 1981 : 711-712 ) , the rate of self- employment ...
... importance , was still a potent economic force in big cities ( Doerner , 1985 ; Green- wald , 1985 ) . As it had been in every decennial census since 1980 ( Higgs , 1977 : 162-163 ; Conk , 1981 : 711-712 ) , the rate of self- employment ...
Pagina 10
... important avenue of social mobility in the past but , in an era of giant corporations , was no longer of economic or social consequence . 5 Admittedly , this negative expectation had firm grounding in historical evidence . Three decades ...
... important avenue of social mobility in the past but , in an era of giant corporations , was no longer of economic or social consequence . 5 Admittedly , this negative expectation had firm grounding in historical evidence . Three decades ...
Pagina 12
... importance of the small business sector . The IRS estimated that $ 300 billion in income evaded taxation in the underground economy during 1981.10 Moreover , Guttman ( 1977 : 27 ) indicated that the underground economy had increased its ...
... importance of the small business sector . The IRS estimated that $ 300 billion in income evaded taxation in the underground economy during 1981.10 Moreover , Guttman ( 1977 : 27 ) indicated that the underground economy had increased its ...
Cuprins
3 | |
25 | |
27 | |
The Role of the Korean Government | 68 |
Emigration From South Korea | 102 |
KOREAN BUSINESS IN LOS ANGELES | 127 |
Immigration And Settlement | 129 |
Entrepreneurs and Firms | 156 |
Reaction and Solidarity | 298 |
KOREAN SMALL BUSINESS IN AMERICAN CAPITALISM | 327 |
The Protection of US Labor Standards | 329 |
The Cheapness of Korean Immigrant Small Business | 352 |
The Use of Korean Small Business by US Capital | 369 |
The Making of Immigrant Small Business | 399 |
CONCLUSION | 421 |
The Costs of Immigrant Entrepreneurship | 423 |
Class and Ethnic Resources | 178 |
Business Location | 204 |
The Retail Liquor Industry | 225 |
Raising Capital | 242 |
Sources of Entrepreneurship | 271 |
Telephone Survey 1977 | 435 |
Notes | 437 |
References | 461 |
Index | 485 |
Alte ediții - Afișează-le pe toate
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 2023 |
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 2023 |
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 1991 |
Termeni și expresii frecvente
American Angeles County areas Asian Asian American Association Bank benefits big business business enterprises business owners business population capitalist Census chain migration cheap labor Christians City coethnics competition contractors corporations countries cultural economic emigration employees employment ethnic resources exemption exports foreign Franchising garment industry Hankook Ilbo Hispanic immigrant entrepreneurship immigrant small business important increased investment Korean business Korean community Korean Directory Korean entrepreneurs Korean entrepreneurship Korean firms Korean government Korean immigrants Korean labor Korean population Korean workers Korean-owned firms Koreatown labor certification labor force labor standards license liquor industry loans Los Angeles County manufacturing ment middleman minorities million ness non-Korean organization percent of Korean percentage political reported retail sector self-employed self-employment Seoul social solidarity Source South Korea subcontracting Table Third World tion trade U.S. Bureau U.S. capital U.S. Congress U.S. Senate United USGPO zip codes