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direct operation. The reason for the Task Commission recommendation was that type of service is still conducted by the Public Health Service. But the Public Health Service does not have an extended direct operation so we came out with the recommendation with a need to improve the medical services. In the interim and intervening time we have made many of the improvements recommended by the Public Health Service, primarily with respect to equipment and improvement in staff. There is an agreement in the Department and in the District government toward a new objective which is to achieve a contractual relationship between the Department of Hospital Administration and the Department of Corrections whereby the staff of the general hospital would be operating medical services for the Department of Corrections.

Senator STEVENSON. Thank you. Just a moment, Mr. Thomas. You said you had 17 employees serving 3,000 offenders. Are those employees doing job counseling?

Mr. THOMAS. Not only job counseling but job location. They go into the community and identify the jobs which are available. Senator STEVENSON. Are these employees in community service centers or do they have institutions of their own?

Mr. THOMAS. They are in the community service area but their work carries them into the institution frequently. They work with them inside prior to release and identify their prisoners' needs, desires, and aptitudes. Then they find employment for them once they are in a position to be released. We hope to increase the number of personnel available for this work.

Senator STEVENSON. Will many of the 3,000 offenders go on to halfway houses when they are released?

Mr. THOMAS. Yes; there is a continuity of service. The same people that work in the institution do work at the community centers. Some of the men before they are released to the community center have to have employment capability and the employment placement counselor plays a key part in his rehabilitation on the street.

Senator STEVENSON. You were saying in reference to new industry and employment obtained.

Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Gregory, who follows me, I think will be addressing himself to that topic. But one of our needs is to develop in the Department, and we have some men working on it, new industry to provide skills to the men while they are in the institution so when they leave they can use that skill directly in the community.

Senator STEVENSON. I see, we will have to talk to Mr. Gregory then. Thank you, Mr. Thomas.

Mr. Hardy, do you want to continue.

Mr. HARDY. The next recommendation is 6.23. The Federal Prison Industry should operate our Federal program in the Department. Mr. Chairman, I can say today that there are certain constant changes taking place in the use of inmates in state-use programs that is manufacturing for state use. It takes a place in correction systems where the article is in the spectrum of competition with private industry. The Department of Corrections has tackled this problem because we have to stick to state use. The Urban Coalition has been working with us and Dr. Trebach works in this area with the De

partment of Corrections. In addition to the new vision we have for our industries we are also sharing up those industries which were somewhat backward at the time the recommendation was pointed out in 1966. Mr. Gregory is our Superintendent of Correction Industries at Lorton and I intend for him to give you a summary of what has been done for the past 4 or 5 years. He will talk about the role of private industry in corrections and the common market concept which I think you would like to hear about.

Mr. Gregory.

STATEMENT OF FRANK T. GREGORY, SUPERINTENDENT,

CORRECTION INDUSTRIES

Mr. GREGORY. Good morning, Mr. Chairman and Senator Mathias. Mr. Miller touched on this subject briefly. Recommendation 23, which is designed to suggest that Federal Prison Industries, Department of Justice, be contacted and reorganized to operate by correctional industries. Following this recommendation we contracted with a consultant, Mr. Markley, to do an assessment of correction industries at the institution. He outlined the problems facing the people in the District of Columbia corrections and also outlined some of the things which we will have to change occupationally if the Department of Justice and the District of Columbia Department of Corrections enter into a general agreement. The most significant thing in his report were three alternate solutions that we could enter into to meet the recommendations of the Crime Commission. He outlined a plan, plan 1, which would be an agreement between the Department of Justice and the District of Columbia for total management of the District of Columbia correctional industries by the Federal Prison Industries. Plan 2 was an arrangement between the Federal Prion Industries and District of Columbia government whereby each correctional institution would manage their own industrial program with FPI giving technical and procedural advice during the operation and information regarding availability of orders for the capabilities of District of Columbia industries. Plan 3 was an agreement whereby FPI would schedule efficient production orders to maintain full employment, stock, and finding for the District of Columbia industries.

After studies, plans and meetings throughout the period, with Federal Prison Industries included, we decided that plan 2 was the most logical approach. Subsequent to this decision the Federal Prison Industries asked Mr. Markley to survey the correctional industry and develop recommendations to make the District of Columbia correction program more viable and workable. Mr. Markley reported a number of suggestions to improve the effectiveness of the program but specifically he made four recommendations for immediate action: (1) Was that the business and accounting function of the correction industry be returned to the control of the superintendent of industries, which had been taken away from the superintendent of industries previously and turned over to the Department as a function; (2) that a cost accounting system be created; (3) that the production

control for the Department be increased; and (4) that an incentive wage system be established for all production workers.

Today all of these recommendations have been carried out. In addition to this, we have in keeping with the Markley report, discontinued the sewing room, the shoe repair shop, and the industrial foundry. These were discontinued because they were unproductive and they have very little training value for the inmates.

Today we have replaced part of the foundry with a tubular metal furniture plant which is considered better training for people in the Washington area. We expanded the furniture repair operation. We have also entered into contract with the Post Office Department with a substantial order for silk-screen printed material.

We are currently endeavoring to expand our printing facility. We are currently in the talking stage and have an agreement with GSA to develop a facility at Lorton to maintain part of the GSA fleet. We are also exploring the possibility of paying selected inmates on a minimum wage basis. We are also exploring, and Dr. Trebach will report on this a little later, the capability of establishing a commercially-operated prison industry shop. Also we are exploring the possibility of developing a five-year or six-state region market for correctional industry. We feel perhaps the total operation would be a smoother operation.

Thank you. If you have any further questions, I will be glad to respond.

Senator STEVENSON. Thank you. Are there further questions?

Senator MATHIAS. I would just ask three questions. I assume the purpose is not so much to make work, but rather to provide training for the inmates, is that correct?

Mr. GREGORY. This is the general idea of correction industries. Senator MATHIAS. You mentioned some industries, but what are all the industries in operation right now?

Mr. GREGORY. Currently we are operating eight industry shops. One would be the furniture repair shop. Our largest single customer is the GSA furniture rehabilitation program. We have an industry laundry. It not only takes care of our institutional needs but it works for numerous Federal industries within the city. We have a print shop which is doing work for industry and Federal agencies. We have a garment factory which produces garments for our own institutional needs and for some Federal agencies. Our largest customer there is the institution of St. Elizabeth.

A newly created metal furniture shop in which we are now making furniture for District of Columbia public schools. We have a tag-andsign shop which makes signs for the District of Columbia and for the U.S. Government.

The silk-screen operation which is essentially a part of the printshop because of the graphic art nature is lumped pretty much in one shop.

Senator MATHIAS. Where are those shops located?

Mr. GREGORY. They are all in the work complex.

Senator MATHIAS. Do youthful offenders participate in these programs?

Mr. TREBACH. We have no industrial shops for youth offenders.

Mr. HARDY. Mr. Chairman, could I come in on that one?
Senator STEVENSON. Yes, sir.

Mr. HARDY. There's a very strong feeling of the administration, and I am speaking of myself, for the use of industries as a training tool for inmates. There are several shops such as the tag plant or the industrial laundry-these industries produce money for our Department and are all right for that purpose-but for the training of men going back on the street I see no relationship to what they are doing out there and what these industries do on the street except develop work. You sometimes wonder whether the tail is wagging the dog with overemphasis on prison industries in a correctional setting. I think it's necessary for income for these institutions. But I would like to say, Mr. Chairman, that there are other activities for training inmates that are non-income-producing but which do train them in an area where they can come back into the community and tie in with the type of training for jobs available for them.

Senator MATHIAS. I thought I understood Mr. Gregory to say that these industries were geared to train inmates for the outside. If that is not the case-why?

Mr. HARDY. I don't want to contradict my assistant.

Senator MATHIAS. Well, I don't see why. If they aren't specifically geared they ought to be, so that they can provide relevant training in the industries.

Mr. HARDY. First we try to get new industries that tie in with the community work plus these old industries such as the tag plant and the laundry. They have been with us for 20 some years or more and we just can't wipe them off the board because we lose income. So there are certain inmates who are assigned to industry for purposes of institutional need and they work in these restricted operations. But our thrust now is to get them into the vocational complex program, our college program, and what have you, so they will be better prepared to step out of the gates of Lorton. Now the youth center, which we developed in 1960 has no industries. It's our feeling that prison industries should have a relationship with what the man will be doing in the future.

Senator MATHIAS. Could you, Mr. Gregory, give me statistics on idle time for inmates.

Mr. GREGORY. In various institutions?

Senator MATHIAS. In all institutions.

Mr. GREGORY. No; I can't. This is a little bit out of my domain. Mr. HARDY. I can speak to that. You are speaking of idle time? Senator MATHIAS. Yes.

Mr. HARDY. At the Lorton Reformatory today I could say that we have 300 man-hours of idle time. We have 300 man-hours or man-days of idle time at anytime we look at our employment situation in the Lorton Reformatory. This doesn't mean we have 300 men sitting idly by during the day while they should be working, but we have to take so many program units. If you have 1,200 men or I'll make it easy for myself and say 1,300 men, we have a program for 1,000 men to be in an active program. That means that 300 would be idle but you have 1,000 with 6 or 8

hours work. Now you have to take that overpopulated people and dilute our program and make it 1,000 in order to give everybody some work to do. So what I am saying sir, instead of a 6-hour day, I will say 8 hours because we have things that interfere with the workday, you have a man working actually 4 hours a day at Lorton in its program. I would like to speak of this further as we get to the implementation of the Court Reform and Criminal Procedures Act. We will have additional men idle in the program if we don't do something about these people to meet our responsibility.

Senator MATHIAS. What percentage of the inmates are in the industry program?

Mr. HARDY. We have currently about 275 inmates in this program out of a total of 1,400.

Senator MATHIAS. Mr. Chairman, I am tempted beyond the point of being able to resist. How many automobile engines do you have now to break down and rebuild?

Mr. HARDY. We have a fleet of 1,000 or more vehicles we maintain in our department. They keep being surveyed incidentally. Of that fleet there is a certain number that has to continuously be under repair: first, second, third, and fourth echelon maintenance. That is from changing tires to putting in new transmissions or new motors. The number of men that we have in the garage I would have to ask Mr. Boone to give an account on thathe is superintendent and responsible for that.

Senator MATHIAS. Primarily, I am thinking of the automobile engines you might have on blocks for repair or being rebuilt.

Mr. HARDY. I would say that we have about eight live motors on the block being used by the inmates training in automobile repair work. We also have a number of vehicles having body repair work.

Senator MATHIAS. How does that number compare with the number they had when we went out to look at them?

Mr. HARDY. It hasn't increased very much since you were out there. It's not to the level we would like to see. There are other brands coming in that we will talk about which will stick to the vocational and academic stage and you will be able to pinpoint that.

Senator MATHIAS. What about the chairman's question? The routine jobs in the laundry that are unskilled-the end prdouct of which is developing skill? Also, how about your masonry program?

Mr. HARDY. We train men in brick masonry. Men are trained in our dormitory renovation program to give them experience in working on active projects in placing mortar, and they move from there. Many have moved into the Lincoln Heights project. Many are working on the National Capital Housing projects and have done a wonderful job. Men who are trained in house wiring move into the projects in the institution and into the Lincoln Heights project. We get into all the building trades.

Senator MATHIAS. That is the point. What is your relationship with unions in recognizing your inmates in program training?

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