dom of Information so as to provide the Conference with the data it requires to enable it to start its work immediately on a concrete basis.

Recommends to the Conference on Freedom of Information that it study, with a view to their co-ordination, the measures taken or advocated in this connection by the various States, as being relevant to the discussion of items 2(d) and 5(c) of section II of its provisional agenda.

14. Trade-Union Rights (Freedom of Association)

[On November 17, by a vote of 45 to 6, with 2 abstentions, the General Assembly adopted a resolution approving action taken by the Economic and Social Council and the International Labor Organization to formulate definitive principles in this field and endorsing the principles proclaimed by the International Labor Organization, in particular certain portions of the ILO's Declaration of Philadelphia which are quoted in an annex to the resolution. In the same resolution the Assembly recommended that the International Labor Organization pursue the study of the control of the application of trade-union rights and freedom of association.]

The General Assembly,

TAKING NOTE of resolution 52 (IV) adopted by the Economic and Social Council at its fourth session, whereby it was decided to transmit the views of the World Federation of Trade Unions and the American Federation of Labor on "Guarantees for the Exercise and Development of Trade Union Rights" to the Commission on Human Rights, "in order that it may consider those aspects of the subject which might appropriately form part of the bill or declaration on human rights",

TAKING NOTE also of resolution 84 (V) adopted by the Council at its fifth session, whereby it was decided to transmit to the General Assembly of the United Nations the report of the International Labour Organization entitled "Decisions concerning freedom of association adopted unanimously by the thirtieth session of the International Labour Conference on 11 July 1947", to recognize the principles proclaimed by the International Labour Conference and to request the International Labour Organization to continue its efforts in order that one or several international conventions may be adopted.

Approves these two resolutions;

Considers that the inalienable right of trade union freedom of association is, as well as other social safeguards, essential to the improvement of the standard of living of workers and to their economic well-being,

Declares that it endorses the principles proclaimed by the International Labour Conference in respect of trade union rights as well

as the principles the importance of which to labour has already been recognized and which are mentioned in the Constitution of the International Labour Organization and in the Declaration of Philadelphia, and in particular sub-section (a) of Section II, and sub-sections (a) to (j) inclusive of Section III, which are given in the Annex to this resolution;

Decides to transmit the report of the International Labour Organization to the Commission on Human Rights with the same objects as those stated in resolution 52 (IV) of the Economic and Social Council; and

Recommends to the International Labour Organization on its tripartite basis to pursue urgently, in collaboration with the United Nations and in conformity with the resolution of the International Labour Conference concerning international machinery for safeguarding trade union rights and freedom of association, the study of the control of their practical application.

Annex

(a) Full employment and the raising of standards of living;

(b) The employment of workers in the occupations in which they can have the satisfaction of giving the fullest measure of their skill and attainments and make their greatest contribution to the common wellbeing;

(c) The provision, as a means to the attainment of this end and under adequate guarantees for all concerned, of facilities for training and the transfer of labour, including migration for employment and settlement;

(d) Policies in regard to wages and earnings, hours and other conditions of work calculated to ensure a just share of the fruits of progress to all, and a minimum living wage to all employed and in need of such protection;

(e) The effective recognition of the right of collective bargaining, the co-operation of management and labour in the continuous improvement of productive efficiency, and the collaboration of workers and employers in the preparation and application of social and economic measures;

(f) The extension of social security measures to provide a basic income to all in need of such protection and comprehensive medical care;

(g) Adequate protection for the life and health of workers in all occupations;

(h) Provision for child welfare and maternity protection;

(2) The provision of adequate nutrition, housing and facilities for recreation and culture;

(j) The assurance of equality of educational and vocational opportunities.

15. Conference on Freedom of Information

[This resolution, which was unanimously adopted by the General Assembly on November 17, takes note of the provisional agenda of the Conference on Freedom of Information and invites the attention of the Economic and Social Council to the discussion of freedom of expression and of the press in the Third Committee of the General Assembly.]

The General Assembly,

HAVING CONSIDERED that part of Chapter III of the report of the Economic and Social Council which deals with the convening of a Conference on freedom of information;

Takes note of the provisional agenda of the Conference and invites the attention of the Economic and Social Council to the discussion on this matter in the Third Committee of the General Assembly.

16. International Children's Emergency Fund

[On November 20 the Assembly adopted by acclamation a resolution expressing satisfaction with the work already accomplished by the Fund; drawing the attention of Member states to the need for financial support of the Fund; and recommending cooperation with the United Nations Appeal for Children.]

The General Assembly,

HAVING TAKEN NOTE of the reports of the Economic and Social Council and of the Executive Board of the International Children's Emergency Fund:

Expresses its satisfaction with the concrete work already accomplished by the Fund;

Approves the present report;

Draws the attention of the States Members to the significance of the International Children's Emergency Fund and to the need for supplying it immediately with funds to enable it to carry on its activities; Associates itself with the United Nations Appeal for Children and recommends the people of all countries to co-operate toward the success of this appeal.

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17. International Cooperation for the Prevention of Immigration Which Is Likely To Disturb Friendly Relations Between Nations

[On November 17, by a vote of 49 to 0, with 4 abstentions, the Assembly adopted a resolution stressing the desirability of implementing its earlier resolutions on this subject; inviting Member states not to assist illegal immigration; and recommending that urgent measures be adopted to return repatriable refugees and displaced persons to their countries of origin as provided in an earlier resolution and for the settlement of a fair share of nonrepatriable refugees and displaced persons in each Member state.]

The General Assembly,

HAVING NOTED that its resolutions 8(I) of 12 February and 62 (I) of 15 December 1946 on the question of refugees, and its resolution 103 (I) of 19 November 1946 condemning racial and religious discrimination, have not been fully implemented, and that hundreds of thousands of victims of aggression remain in displaced persons camps; RECALLING that one of the principles of the International Refugee Organization is that it "should exercise special care in cases in which the re-establishment or resettlement of refugees or displaced persons might be contemplated, either in countries contiguous to their respective countries of origin or in non-self-governing countries. The Organization should give due weight, among other factors, to any evidence of genuine apprehension and concern felt in regard to such plans, in the former case, by the country of origin of the persons involved, or, in the latter case, by the indigenous population of the nonself-governing country in question":

Invites the Member States to implement the General Assembly resolution of 19 November 1946;

Reaffirms its position that the main task concerning displaced persons is to encourage and assist in every possible way their early return to their countries of origin, in accordance with the General Assembly resolution of 12 February 1946, and that no obstacles be placed in the way of the early fulfilment of this task;

Invites the Member States not to accord aid and protection to individuals or organizations which are engaged in the promoting or operating of illegal immigration, or in activities designed to promote illegal immigration;

Recommends each Member of the United Nations to adopt urgent measures for the early return of the repatriable refugees and displaced persons to their countries of origin, having regard to the General Assembly resolution of 12 February 1946, and for settling a fair share of the non-repatriable refugees and displaced persons in its country; to inform the Secretary-General without delay of the results of the

consideration it has given, in implementation of resolution 62(I). of the General Assembly, paragraph (e), to receiving, in conformity with the principles of the International Refugee Organization, its fair share of non-repatriable persons; and to collaborate with other nations, for instance through the International Refugee Organization or its Preparatory Commission, in the development of overall plans to accomplish this end;

Requests the Secretary-General to submit, in collaboration with the Director-General of the International Refugee Organization, or the Executive Secretary of its Preparatory Commission, a report on the progress and prospect of repatriation, resettlement and immigration of the refugees and displaced persons, for consideration by the Economic and Social Council at its seventh session.

18. Teaching of the Purposes and Principles, the Structure and Activities of the United Nations in the Schools of Member States

[In this resolution the General Assembly recommends that all Member governments take measures at the earliest possible date to encourage the teaching of the purposes and principles, the structure and activities of the United Nations in their schools; invites the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to assist Members, at their request, in the implementation of this program; and calls for appropriate reports by Members on the subject. The resolution was adopted unanimously on November 17.]

The General Assembly,

CONSIDERING that the knowlerge and understanding of the aims and activities of the United Nations are essential in promoting and assuring general interest and popular support of its work:

Recommends to all Member Governments that they take measures at the earliest possible date to encourage the teaching of the United Nations Charter and the purposes and principles, the structure, background and activities of the United Nations in the schools and institutes of higher learning of their countries, with particular emphasis on such instruction in elementary and secondary schools;

Invites the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to assist Members of the United Nations, at their request, in the implementation of this programme, with the co-operation as required of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, and to report thereon to the Economic and Social Council;

Requests Member States to furnish the Secretary-General with information as to the measures which have been taken to implement this recommendation, such information to be presented in the form of a report to the Economic and Social Council by the SecretaryGeneral in consultation with, and with the assistance of UNESCO.