phorionis Fragmenta, etc. edidit A. Meineke. Menandri et Philemonis reliquiæ. Ed. A. Meineke. Appuleii Oud. T. ii. iii. Ed. I. Bosscha. Horatii opera. Ed. F. H. Bothe. Cicero de Rep. Ed. C. F. Heinrich. Asia Polyglotta, etc. Et, Abhandlung über die Sprache und Schrift der Uiguren etc. Ed. I. Klaproth.-RELATIONES BREVIORES. Commentationes Tertiæ Classis Instituti Regii Belgici, Tom. iii. Corpus Inscriptionum Græcarum. Ed. A. Bockh. Cicero de Legibus. Ed. G. H. Moser et F. Creuzer. Anecdota Hemsterhusiana. Ed. I. Geel. P. Van Limburg Brouwer, Disputatio, qua respondetur ad Quæstionem Stolpianam, etc. Ejusdem, Proeve over de poëzij van Homerus, enz. Platonica Prosopographia. Ed. G. Groen van Prinsterer. Disputatio de L. Annæo Cornuto, auct. G. I. de Martini. Disputatio de Censoribus apud Romanos, auct. I. A. C. Rovers. Sophoclis Edipus Coloneus. Ed. L. Heller et L. Dæderlein. Dionis Chrysostomi Orat. viii. Ed. F. N. G. Baguet. Commentatio de Tograji Carmine, auct. L. G. Pareau. In Polyænum Observ. Criticæ. Ed. G. A. Blume. Wyttenbachii Lectiones quinque. Ed. G. L. Mahne. Herculanensium Voluminum Pars i. ii. Seneca de Provid. Ed. B. A. Nauta. Senecæ locus de sapientis humanitate, auct. C. H. Thiebout. Solonis reliquiæ, etc. Ed. N. Bach. De Solonis laudibus, etc., auct. C. A. Abbing. Vita Amedis Tulonidis etc., auct. Taco Roorda."

We shall be glad to add to our stock of bibliographical knowlege, by inserting in our Journal the contents of future numbers of this work. And we intend to extract occasionally articles of merit and interest from it, for the use of our readers.

WE resume with great satisfaction our notice of this admirable work. In doing this, however, we shall confine ourselves. to what may perhaps be considered the most interesting portion of it, viz. those two classes, which contain the earliest known records of the finest language in the world.

A The first of these classes exhibits only those archaic inscriptions which are written in the method called βουστροφηδόν, (i. e. from right to left and left to right alternately, like the turning of oxen at the end of the furrows,) or which are written solely from right to left; the second contains those which are written from left to right, but are remarkable for the antique form of their characters. Perhaps the arrangement would have been more satisfactory if Mr. R. had made three classes out of these two, or rather divided the first into two sections, beginning with those inscriptions that are written from right to left. VOL. XXXIV. Cl. JI. NO. LXVII.

K

This was undoubtedly the first method of writing amongst the ancient settlers in Greece, borrowed from their Eastern originals, and preserved in those early Italian colonies which they soon formed; the method called Bourgonday, was an improvement on the former, a middle link betwixt it and that species of writing from left to right alone, which generally prevailed a little before the Peloponnesian war, and which has continued in use ever since. It is difficult indeed to define the exact time of these changes. The first method lasted not a very long time amongst the Ionians, but somewhat longer amongst the Æolians; and the Bourrpopndov was frequently used after the introduction of the long vowels, as is apparent from several inscriptions in the present work, (see pp. 23, 325.). Solon wrote his laws at Athens in this style; the only mention of which by Pausanias, is that of an inscription on the ark of Cypselus at Olympia: nor does this author mention more than one instance of the first method, which was on an ancient statue of Agamemnon at the same place. Yet neither of these methods is invariably a proof of high antiquity-for the first was preserved in the coinage of many states, and the latter was sometimes used to serve a purpose. Inscriptions in either of these styles were so scarce, until the increased industry of late travellers brought many to light, that Montfaucon complains of his never having seen one; and Chishull in his description of the Sigean marble, calls it "unicum exemplum inter omnes ubique reliquias antiquitatis." What an erroneous notion Potter had of the Bourgoondòv style, may be seen by the specimen he gives of it vol. 1. 136. But we must proceed to Mr. Rose's work.

The first with which he presents us, is the far-famed Sigean inscription-so called from the promontory and town of Sigeum in the Troad, where it was discovered. It is cut on an oblong block of fine marble, nine feet high, two broad, and eight inches thick. It was originally placed in the Prytaneum, or council-chamber, of Sigeum, but at the time of its discovery was used for a seat before the entrance of a Greek church. It is now in the British Museum; but the engraving is almost obliterated, through the superstitious practices of the Greek peasants, who were in the habit of rubbing their bodies on it, in the case of fever, under the idea of counteracting the influence of the evil dæmon.

On one of the faces of this block appear two legends, both relating to the same subject, though the lower one lays superior claim to antiquity, inasmuch as besides some other marks of priority, it contains not the long vowels, although it uses the

Has an aspirate. On the top of the block is a square hole, apparently made for the insertion of a bust, which the inscriptions show to have been that of a certain Phanodicus, who made a present of some drinking-vessels to the Prytaneum, probably of his native town. It was the opinion, indeed, of the great Bentley, that this block did not support a bust or statue, and that the inscriptions were merely transcripts from others engraven on the vessels. This opinion, and the reasons with which he supports it, are extant in a letter from that mighty master of emendation to his friend Dr. Meade, given in Mr. Rose's appendix; and perhaps there does not exist a document which shows in a stronger light the danger of writing aurooxediari, on subjects of ancient literature. We wish that we had space to give his letter entire, together with Mr. Rose's masterly refutation of his dogmas. The following are copies of the two inscriptions as given by Mr. Rose, except that we have placed the lowest, as the most ancient, first.

τις 1. Φανοδικο εἰμι το θερμοκρατος του Προκονεσιο καγο κρατερα κάπιστατον και Ηεθμον ἐς Πρυτανειον κδοκα μνεμα Σιγευευσι· ἐαν δε τι πάσχο μελεδαίνον το Σιγειες και μ' εποεισεν Παισοπος και Haδελφοι.

2. Φανοδικό εμι τορμοκράτεος το Προκοννήσιο κρητηρα δε και ὑποκρητηριον και ήθμον ες Πρυτανηιον ἐδώκεν Συκεευσι.

1. I am the statue of Phanodicus, the son of Hermocrates the Proconnesian; and I gave a cup, with its cover, and a strainer, as a memorial to the Sigeans, for their Prytaneum. But if I suffer any injury, take care to repair me, O Sigeans. And Æsopus and his brethren made me.

2. I am the statue of Phanodicus, the son of Hermocrates the Proconnesian. He gave a cup, with its stund, and a strainer, to the Sigeans for their Prytaneum.

It seems evident that the second of these inscriptions was re-copied by the Sigeans in after ages, lest, by the decay of the former, they should lose this record of their benefactor. As to the objection of Bentley, that the term Parodinou sip would mean I am the work of Phanodicus, not the statue-it is disproved by several inscriptions, and some in this collection; nor does the change of person, in the second inscription, edonev affect the argument at all-nothing is more common than such changes. Mr. R. has produced several, and he might have brought forward a score more. In the first we have the word ei, 'a more modern form than eu in the second; yet this need not

66

1

εποεισεν

stagger any one who is much versed in these matters and knows how indiscriminately the , the , and the, were used by the ancient sculptors. In this very inscription we have μeλedawev μελεδαίνεν instead of usλedave, and on the contrary, emoσey instead of Torey for this latter word was not so written for enoleσe by a mistake of the stone-cutter, as Dawes suspected, who observes, that there is no reason to imagine that this verb was ever used in the Greek without the subjoined to the O." On the contrary, the old Æolic form of the word was Tow, which is seen by the Latin poeta and poesis. In a most ancient inscription of this vol. p. 20. we find Kolos μaños or μaдOCEV, for the termination is somewhat obscure, though there is not the shadow of an iota in it. We may remark also, that in a Tanagræan inscription at p. 308. we have again the very form εποεισεν. 1:༢3

With regard to the word GTATOV, contrary to all former commentators on this inscription, we have translated it a cover. Mr. Rose, after Chishull, very properly rejects Bentley's ob servations on this point as angordióvuoa; but still he considers it the same as úrоxpηpov, whilst he acknowleges it is not 10 be met with in the Lexicons. This being the case, we think it safer to derive it as os lotatai šπì tự xpηtypi, rather than as 2 lσTATAL 8 ×рntyp with Mr. R., because although the word is not met with in the Lexicons, we do find it mentioned in the celebrated inscription from the Erectheum, (see p. 188, 1, 43.) where it signifies that part of the entablature which stands over or on the columns, and is opposed (as Mr. Wilkins rightly observes) to úzάoTaros a basement. With regard to the mention of different articles in the two inscriptions, we must consider that the cup was the principal one, and that one engraver might describe the said cup and its stand, whilst the other would think proper to mention its cover; or the stand might possibly have been lost in the intermediate time. The word xdwxa is evidently a blunder of the engraver for dwxa, as γενευσι is for Σιγειευσι, and Συκεευσι for Σιγειευσι, in the other inscription. Μελεδαινεν ο ought to have been written μελεδαινεν Meo: the traces of a M are evident in Chandler's copy, and the introduction of it was sanctioned by the authority of Porson. Who is not surprised at the usλeda v évdéw Ziyeler of Bentley! Two very apposite examples are introduced by Mr. Rose, to show the custom of monuments being thus left t to be kept in repair by particular persons. Before we conclude our remarks on this inscription, we may observe the early use of the paragogic in the word dwxey, even when the next word began with a consonant: the sigma in the original transcript is exactly like

that in the Latin alphabet, and as it is described by Euripides my a fragment of his Theseus, βόστρυχός τις εἰλιγμένος, in wed n a The second of Mr. Rose's inscriptions is one of great an tiquity, as well as highly illustrative of ancient customs. It is written, in the most archaic manner, from right to left, and the forms of its component letters are very rude and curious, It is the legend of an ancient pictured vase which was found in a sepulchre at Athens by Mr. Burgon, an English merchant, in 1813. On one side of this singular relic is represented a charioteer seated in a very rude Homeric car, the horses of which he is urging with a goad, whilst he guides them with at kind of long wand, to the end of which two balls are attached. On the other side is seen a most antique figure of Minerva armed with spear and shield, and painted in three different colors, red, white, and black : on her head is a kind of red skullcap from which a crest arises, and the device on her shield is a dolphin, denoting, as Dr. Clarke observes, her ancient relationship to Venus and Astarte. Over her head is a harpy, and over that of the charioteer an owl: whilst the legend TON ΑΘΕΝΕΘΝ ΑΘΛΟΝ ΕΜΙ denotes the use and intent of this finely decorated vase, which was given, full of oil from the Morian or sacred Olives, to the victor in the Panathenaic contests; Ille habeat secum servetque sepulchro. This prize was generally carried in the pomp or procession, and the con queror's praises were sung by the attendant choir. A passage in Pindar, Nem. x. 61. tends curiously to illustrate this subject.

Αδει

αἴ γε μὲν ἀμβολάδαν

ἐν τελεταῖς δὶς ̓Αθηναίων μιν ἔμφαι ποιος όμι

10. Κώμασαν Γαία δε καυ

"That is, "Twice have the sweet voices of the Athenians celebrated him at separate times in the sacred games. And the fruit of the olive (oil), in earth baked by fire, (in terra-cotta vases,) hath been carried to the manly people of Juno, (the people of Argos,) in the variegated receptacles of jars."

This inscription was first copied at Athens by Mr. Hughes, who brought it to England and gave it to his friend Dr. Clarke, then employed in writing the fourth volume of his interesting Travels. Dr. C. was so much struck with its singularity, that